【题目】《科学的旅程》认为，“在科学上，没有一个理论能够说得到了完全的‘证明’，当新事实或新的观察结果出现时它必定有待于进一步的检验和审视。正是科学这一不断自我纠错的特性，使它成为人类理解自然机制最为严谨也最为有效的手段。”下列史实符合该论述的是

①从亚里士多德学说到自由落体定律

②从神创论到生物进化论

③从万有引力定律到电磁感应理论

④从经典力学到相对论

A．①②③ B．①③④

C．①②④ D．②③④

【题目】完形填空

阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

My wife and I moved into our home two years ago. We had a with a lot of rocks. Very often when we have flowers, Denise or I would plant some between the rocks，just to some color to the area.

Last summer, I found a tiny little plant in the yard that I could not immediately . I knew I didn’t plant it and Denise said she didn’t either. We decided to let it continue until we could find out what it was.

Weeks passed and as I made my way back to the strange , it appeared to be a sunflower. I decided to the weeds around it. As I pulled rocks from the area to get to the weeds, I noticed something . The sunflower had not started where I saw it begin. It had begun under a big and grown under and around it to reach the .

That’s when I that if a tiny little sunflower didn’t let a big rock stand in its of developing，we too have the to do the same thing. If we believe in ourselves like that little sunflower, we can reach where we to go and get what we need for growth.

We need to ourselves knowing we have the ability to achieve our goals. Like the , it knew it had the ability to get over the rocks because it had in itself that it would succeed. Stand tall like the sunflower and be of who and what we are, then the environment will begin to us. We will find a way to go under or around any ＂rocks＂ in order to our goals.

【1】 A. field B. farm C. yard D. pool

【2】 A. limit B. add C. devote D. prefer

【3】 A. use B. replace C. identify D. consume

【4】A. growing B. standing C. improving D. increasing

【5】 A. house B. plant C. seed D. tree

【6】 A. watch B. tend C. remove D. collect

【7】A. wonderful B. valuable C. terrible D. unusual

【8】A. actually B. completely C. eventually D. gradually

【9】A. tree B. table C. rock D. wall

【10】A. air B. top C. water D. sun

【11】A. acknowledged B. realized C. recognized D. hoped

【12】 A. place B. process C. course D. way

【13】 A. idea B. dream C. chance D. ability

【14】A. forget B. aim C. hate D. wait

【15】 A. believe in B. care for C. nod to D. equip with

【16】A. sunflower B. weed C. home D. summer

【17】A. energy B. love C. courage D. faith

【18】A. aware B. afraid C. tired D. proud

【19】A. affect B. support C. like D. praise

【20】 A. reach B. set C. shoot D. kick

【题目】短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear John,

I’m writing to you to expressing my sincere appreciation for all the help you had offered to me these years. Your friendship means a lot to me, but your timely help touches me a lot. I always feel lucky to have a friend as you.

I also want to express my sincere sorrow and regret for possible misunderstanding and hurt I gave you them before. I remember once I didn’t attend your birthday party, that made you very unhappy. Actually I had big quarrel with my parents and I was really in low spirit then. I hope you could forgive me.

Good luck and best wishes for you! I hope you can be happier every day and successful in the future.

Yours,

Li Hua

【题目】列宁评价近代某位科学家时说：“（他）推翻了那种把动植物物种看作彼此毫无联系的、偶然的、神造的、不变的东西的观点……第一次把生物学放在完全科学的基础之上。”他评价的应是

A．英国科学家胡克

B．法国生物学家拉马克

C．英国科学家达尔文

D．英国科学家牛顿

【题目】梁启超先生于第一次世界大战结束后，遍游欧洲各国，写下《欧游心影录》，记录了他在欧洲的所观、所思，对中国的民主政治建设深有启迪。阅读下列材料，回答问题。

材料一 俄国过激派政府，居然成立。居然过了两年。不管将来结局如何，假定万一推翻，他那精神毕竟不能磨灭。从前多数人嘲笑的空理想，却已结结实实成为一种制度。将来历史价值，最少也不在法国大革命之下。影响自然是及于别国。

材料二 第二件也因为正在做正义人道的外交梦。以为这次和会。真是要把全世界不合理的国际关系根本改造，立个永久和平的基础。想拿私人资格将我们的冤苦，向世界舆论申诉申诉。也算尽到一二分国民责任。如今外交是完全失望了。

材料三 我中英两国，向来都以保守著名。但我们中国人所保守的，和英国正相反。中国人最喜欢换招牌。抄几条宪法，算立宪。改一个年号，便算共和。至于政治社会的内容，连骨带肉，都是前清那个旧躯壳。英国人内部是不断的新陈代谢，实际上时时刻刻在那里革命。

（1）根据材料并结合所学知识，指出俄国十月革命的历史价值。

（2）材料中“如今外交是完全失望了”指什么?这次“外交失望”给中国带来的历史影响有哪些?

（3）根据材料并结合所学知识，评述梁启超的观点。

【题目】牛顿曾经说过：“如果说我看得远，那是因为我站在巨人的肩膀上。”由于伽利略、开普勒等人的努力，牛顿才有可能在已经准备好了的材料上建立起宏伟的经典力学大厦，这座大厦建立起来的标志是

A．《关于托勒密和哥白尼两大世界体系的对话》发表

B．《物种起源》发表

C．《纯粹理性批判》发表

D．《自然哲学的数学原理》发表

【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Everyone knows that exercising is really good for you. It improves your health, and leaves you feeling really relaxed and energetic. Everyone also knows that 【1】 , as we try to juggle everything we need to do in a day.

It really is difficult to find time to go to the gym. Who actually has an extra 2 hours a day to exercise when 【2】 ? Sometimes exercise can seem like a real schlep (累赘), mostly because it just doesn’t fit into your schedule comfortably.

Most health experts advise you to exercise at least 30 minutes a day to stay fit and healthy. Okay, so 30 minutes isn’t so much, but that still doesn’t make it easier to find 30 minutes! The good news is that research has shown us that if you only exercise for 10 minutes 3 times a day 【3】 Did you know that? Think about a cash tin — if you keep putting coins in, by the end of the day, it all sums up. That is the same as exercising throughout the day.

Now that 【4】 , but rather 10 minute intervals, what do you do, and how can you incorporate this you’re your current lifestyle easily? This is where you need to start getting creative. Quit those weight loss plans, pills, and diets and try a different, much easier approach to feeling energized and more productive.

Are you ready to change the way you think about exercise and unleash your imagination and creativity? The point is, you don’t need to be in a gym with all the best equipment to build your muscles and tighten your tummy – 【5】

A. finding time to exercise is impossible

B. it is just as effective as 30 minutes continuously!

C. It is less effective than 30 minutes continuously!

D. it is the movement that counts, not the machinery!

E. you don’t even have time to get through your daily tasks

F. you know you don’t need to find 30 minutes continuously

G. finding time to exercise is one of the biggest challenges we face

【题目】科技创新引领社会进步，但科技的创新又受社会环境的制约。阅读材料，回答问题。

材料一 在唐宋两代，中国的工程师掀起了发明的热潮，中国领引着全世界的科学技术。

——【美】杰里·本特利《新全球史》

材料二 比起过去的六百年，在过去的六十年里，蒸汽机和电力已经在更大程度上征服了时间和空间。——1897年《伦敦新闻报》

材料三 在18世纪，中国似乎又一次处于开拓技术和经济新变革的关头……但中国的这一系列成就，同医学和药物学及其应用一样，主要是累积的经验发现，而不是系统的或持久的科学探索的结果……学者们视一切体力劳动为低级，甚至蔑视实验工作。然而，正是理论、构思、实验和实践的结合，产生了现代西方科学和技术成就。但这一切都未能在止步于已经高度发展水平上的中国发生。

——罗滋·墨菲《亚洲史》

（1）列举三项唐宋时期“领引着全世界”的科技发明。

（2）蒸汽机和电力分别推动人类社会进入怎样的时代？各举一例证明蒸汽机、电力“更大程度上征服了时间和空间”。

（3）据材料三并结合所学知识，谈谈18世纪中国科技与西方产生差异的原因。