【题目】阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 浪漫主义文学的兴起是由18世纪末和19世纪初欧洲的社会政治状况决定的。1789年的法国资产阶级革命,推翻了封建专制政权,建立了资产阶级统治。这次革命影响巨大,意义深远,它震撼了整个欧洲的封建统治,许多国家掀起了资产阶级民主革命和民族解放运动。但是,在保卫和巩固这次革命成果的过程中,曾出现极其复杂的形势,经历了一场革命和反革命、复辟与反复辟的长期斗争。法国大革命后出现的动荡、混乱、灾难的局面,完全不是人们期望的。伟大的启蒙学者们所预言的那个理想社会根本没有出现。贫富对立变得更加尖锐阶级压迫更加残酷,资产阶级的恶德败行以最丑恶的形式表现出来。法国革命后的现实宣告了启蒙运动理想的破灭,在广大社会阶层中引起了一种普遍的失望情绪,浪漫主义正是这种失望情绪在文学上的反映。

——《世界近代文学简史》

材料二 资本主义在欧洲各国不同程度的发展,人们头脑中的物质利益观念不断加强,金钱成了衡量人的主要的或唯一的尺度,人与人之间的关系也随之发生变化。人在挣脱封建束缚从而获得一定的人身自由后,又在物质财富面前丧失精神的、心理的以及人格的自由;在热衷于创造物质财富并依赖于物质财富的生存环境中,人对人的压迫与剥削以新的形态表现出来,人与人之间的关系趋于恶化。现实告诉人们,启蒙主义者所宣示的价值和浪漫主义者所追求的理想并未实现,人们须以一种新的冷静的眼光重新看待现实和思考自己的命运,并寻求改善自己的生存处境的方法。于是,追求客观冷静地分析与解剖现实的社会心理和风气随之形成,反映在作家创作上,就是他们摒弃浪漫主义的主观想象和抒情,通过对社会现实作如实细致的描绘,揭露社会的黑暗,展示在物质与金钱挤压下人的各种心态……

(1)根据材料一和所学知识,概括浪漫主义文学流派产生的历史背景。

(2)根据材料二和所学知识,指出欧洲浪漫主义文学流派与现实主义文学流派的内在区别。这两种文学流派形成和发展的决定性因素是什么?

【题目】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

5 Tips for Healthy, White Teeth

1. Throw away your toothbrush or electric toothbrush head every two to three months. 1 According to dentist Harold Katz, the best way to brush is by placing your toothbrush at a 45-degree angle against your gums (牙龈) and gently moving it in a circular motion.

2. Use a tongue scraper (刮刀) every morning to remove tongue plaque (舌斑) and freshen breath. One cause of bad breath is the build-up of bacteria on the tongue, which a daily tongue scraping will help banish (消除). 23. Eat “detergent (洗涤剂) foods that are firm or crisp to help clean teeth as you munch (咀嚼). 3 For best results, make “detergent” foods the final food you eat in your meal if you know you won’t be able to brush your teeth after eating.

4. Stay fresh. Check by licking () your palm and smelling it while it’s wet. If you smell something, it’s time for a sugar-free breath mint (薄荷). Shopping for mouthwash? 4 Mouthwashes with too much alcohol can dry out mouth tissue, making it more prone (易于) to bacteria.

5. Brushing your teeth first and last thing are the two most crucial times of the day, as saliva (唾液) which keeps plaque off teeth, dries up at night, so it’s best to have all plaque cleaned off the teeth before sleep. 5

A. Make sure it’s alcohol free.

B. Apples are good, as are raw carrots, celery and popcorn.

C. Otherwise, you’re just transferring bacteria to your mouth.

D. However, the bacteria wont be staying on the top of your tongue.

E. It’s more effective than brushing your tongue with a toothbrush too.

F. When you sleep without bacteria in your mouth, you will feel much better.

G. It’s also important to brush first thing in the morning to remove plaque and bacteria built up as you slept.

【题目】阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一 在《人间喜剧》中,巴尔扎克让他的主人公被某种情欲甚至怪癖控制着……比如高老头的爱女,葛朗台的爱钱,贝姨的妒忌,邦斯的古董癣,于勒的好色,都给人留下难以忘怀的印象,产生震撼人心的感情力量……例如,贪婪和吝啬使老葛朗台成了金钱的奴隶,变得冷酷无情。为了金钱,不择手段,甚至丧失了人的基本情感,丝毫不念父女之情和夫妻之爱:在他获悉女儿把积蓄都给了夏尔之后,暴跳如雷,竟把她软禁起来,没有火取暖,只以面包和清水度日。当他妻子因此而大病不起时,他首先想到的是请医生要破费钱财。只是在听说妻子死后女儿有权和他分享遗产时,他才立即转变态度,与母女讲和。

材料二 《官场现形记》,晚清李伯元著谴责小说,它由30多个相对独立的官场故事联缀起来,是清朝晚期文学代表作品之一。下面是《官场现形记》的部分故事梗概:

陕西同州府朝邑县赵温在远亲钱典史的陪同下进京赶考,因拜礼太少而会试落榜,最后只好在京城里用钱捐了个官,做了赵中书。钱典史出了一百两银子,得到徐都老爷的推荐信,赶往江西。谁知他所捐的差使已经有人,便又在黄知府差役的活动下谋了一个好差使。黄知府升了道台,正在得意之时,因为前边所办的案子被人告发,后来通过京城中友人的疏通,又花了一万两银子,终于了结。

江西代理巡抚何某,绰号荷包,平生爱钱。三弟三荷包同样是个无底洞。两个荷包分赃不均而失和,抖出以前许多卖官鬻爵的旧账。三荷包带着卖官所得的万两银子,买得山东胶州知府的位子。三荷包到任后,绞尽脑汁千方百计巴结山东巡抚。外国人劝巡抚做生意,候补通判陶子尧趁机上条陈,大讲整顿商务,被巡抚派往上海购买机器。陶子尧在上海被骗子魏翩仞、买办仇五科合伙骗去几万两银子,弄得狼狈不堪。幸好有山东试用府吏周因从中帮忙,此事才了结。周因得陶谢礼,前往浙江,协助旧交浙江巡抚刘中远办洋务。周与文案戴大理勾心斗角,互相拆台……

(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,分析巴尔扎克《人间喜剧》产生历史背景。

(2)根据材料二,简析《官场现形记》所包含的历史现象。

(3)结合上述材料和所学知识,分析《人间喜剧》和《官场现形记》的共同特点。

【题目】A

In early autumn I applied for admission to college. I wanted to go nowhere but to Cornell University, but my mother fought strongly against it. When she saw me studying a photograph of my father on the sports ground of Cornell, she tore it up.

“You can't say it's not a great university, just because Papa went there.”

“That's not it at all. And it is a top university.” She was still holding the pieces in her hand. “But we can't afford to send you to college.”

“I wouldn't dream of asking you for money. Do you want me to get a job to help support you and Papa? Things aren't that bad, are they?”

“No” she said. “I don't expect you to help support us.”

Father borrowed money from his rich cousins to start a small jewellery shop. His chief customers were his old college friends. To get new customers, my mother had to help. She picked up a longforgotten membership in the local league of women, so that she could get to know more people. Whether those people would turn into customers was another question. I knew that my parents had to wait for quite a long time before their small investment (投资) could show returns. What's more, they had not wanted enough to be rich and successful; otherwise they could not possibly have managed their lives so badly.

I was torn between the desire to help them and change their lives, and the determination not to repeat their mistakes. I had a strong belief in my power to get what I wanted. After months of hard study I won a full college scholarship . My father could hardly contain his pride in me, and my mother eventually gave in before my success.

1According to the text, in that autumn the author made up his mind ____________.

A. to start a small jewellery shop.

B. to get to know more people.

C. to carry on with his father's business.

D. to be admitted into his dream university.

2The author was not permitted to attend Cornell University mainly because ________.

A. his parents did not have abundant money for him

B. his mother did not think it a top university

C. his parents expected him to help support the family

D. his father dropped out of the university

3The father started his small shop with the money from ______.

A. a local league B. his relatives

C. his customers D. his college friends

4Why did the mother renew her membership in the league?

A. To help with her husband's business.

B. To help her son to enter colleges.

C. To meet her longforgotten friends.

D. To make herself lead a peaceful life.

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