【题目】Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart(购物手推车). They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will knowor even think to askwho it was that invented them.

Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging(吃力地携带) groceries around in baskets they had to carry.

One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.

On June 4, 1937, Goldman's first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn't wait to see them using his invention.

But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.

After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren't using his carts. Don't you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket? one shopper replied.

But Goldman wasn't beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony(假冒的) customers.

As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people comethose who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.

Today's shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman's original model. Perhaps that's one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937before the coming of the shopping cart.

【1】 The underlined words chrome-plate contraptions in Paragraph 1 refer to ______.(within 3 words)

【2】 What was the purpose of Goldman's invention? (within 10 words)

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【3】 Why was Goldman disappointed at first? (within 10 words)

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【4】 Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? (within 10 words)

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【5】 What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. (No more than 20 words)

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【题目】A

About five years ago I started at a new school when my family moved to Iowa. I was just a little excited, but I worried I would never fit in with (适应) the other sixth graders.

Lucy, a girl in my class, who I thought was not ready for change, didn’t like me from the start. In fact, I was sure she hated me. I could tell she thought I was a fool.

My teacher made us sit by each other for the last term. Lucy was surprised that I didn’t wear makeup (化妆). I didn’t exactly look like the coolest girl. But, I kept smiling at her and I kept telling her she looked beautiful, even when she was angry.

Finally, Lucy let me talk to her, even in sight of her cool friends. She started telling me how beautiful I looked. I still remember that first time when she smiled at me saying that, and I smiled right back, telling her thanks. Lucy invited me over to her house for a party, and talked to me all the time instead of her other friends.

I may move to Arizona after that, but I will never forget Lucy. She was a great friend. I still smiled at Lucy when she made fun of me. I didn’t think she was right in doing those things, but I still put up with (忍受) it. And we became great friends.

About two weeks ago, I read a sentence by Abraham Lincoln, Am I not destroying my enemies when I make friends with them? Immdiately, I smiled, thinking of Lucy.

1 When the author started at a new school in Iowa, she worried __________.

A. she was not ready for change at all

B. she looked stupid when asking questions

C. she didn’t look like the coolest girl in her class

D. she couldn’t get along well with her classmates

2 How did the author change Lucy’s attitude towards her?

A. By wearing makeup.

B. By keeping smiling at Lucy.

C. By wearing beautiful clothes.

D. By sitting beside Lucy in class.

3 From Paragraph 5, we know the author thought __________.

A. it was right of her to suffer when making friends

B. it was a waste of time to make friends with Lucy

C. it was foolish of her to smile at Lucy all the time

D. it was a shameful thing to put up with what Lucy did

4 What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Kindness can beat any enemy.

B. Friendship needs to be cared for.

C. Making friends means losing enemies.

D. Patience is important in making friends.

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