题目内容

【题目】“供给侧改革”已经成为一个影响中国的高频词汇。推进供给侧结构性改革,是适应和引领经济发展新常态的重大创新,是适应我国经济发展新常态的必然要求。供给侧改革的关键是释放新需求,创造新供给,就是要以理性的供给管理,释放和引领需求潜力。“供给侧改革”的核心要义在于通过新供给创造新需求,通过新需求推进新消费,通过新消费倒逼新产业。目前民营企业也迎来了新的发展机遇和挑战。如何在新常态、新政策、新环境下稳步发展,成为民营企业共同思考的命题。

如果你是一个民营企业家,从生产和消费的关系角度,应如何思考上述材料中命题。

【答案】①生产为消费创造动力,民营企业要以理性的供给,释放和引领需求潜力,通过新供给创造新需求。②生产决定消费的方式。民营企业应以理性的供给引领人们树立健康的消费和生活方式。③生产决定消费的质量和水平。民营企业要提供丰富的优质产品,满足人们日益增长的物质文化生活需求。④消费对生产有重要的反作用。民营企业要通过新消费倒逼自己创新,优化产品结构。

【解析】本题主要考查学生获取和解读信息、调动和运用知识、描述和阐释事物的能力。解答本题首先要明确材料中的命题是什么。由材料信息可知,材料中的命题指的是在新的历史条件下,民营企业应如何通过供给侧改革来实现稳步发展。其次,要根据设问的知识限定性要求,调取所需要的知识点。本题设问的知识指向是“生产与消费”的关系,即生产决定消费(生产决定消费的对象和方式,决定消费的质量和水平,生产为消费创造动力);消费对生产有重要的反作用。最后,运用这些具体知识对材料中的相关信息进行描述和阐释即可生成答案要点。

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【题目】【2015·安徽】E

Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.

Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.

Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.

Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.

Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.

【1】According to the passage, sharing bread______.

A. indicates a lack of food

B. can help to develop unity

C. is a custom unique to rural areas

D. has its roots in birthday celebrations

【2】What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?

A. Trust. B. Success.

C. Health. D. Togetherness.

【3】The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______.

A. using examples B. making comparisons

C. analyzing causes D. describing processes

【4】What is the passage mainly about?

A. The custom of sharing food.

B. The specific meaning of food.

C. The role of food in ceremonies.

D. The importance of food in culture.

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