题目内容

【题目】阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一 郑观应不仅自觉地运用儒家民本思想去解读西方民主政治的历史文化和思想学说,而且有意地借用民本思想的话语来为民主思想在中国的传播和民主政制在中国的推行,保驾护航,指出议院、立宪、君民一体,是西方各国富强之本,主张在中国设议院、行立宪、伸民权、实行君民共主。

——胡波《同光时期郑观应民本思想初探》

材料二 康有为对欧美各国的政体进行了比较研究后认为:中国应于宪政中,君民共治,君民交益,即君主立宪,旧制行之数千年,实人心国命所寄,纪纲法度虽有积弊,只可去其太甚,以渐行之。如尽去之,人心国命无所寄,则荡然不乱耳。

材料三 政治制度,必然得自根自生。纵使有些可以从国外移来,也必然先与其本国传统有一番融合媾通,才能真实发挥相当的作用。否则,无生命的政治,无配合的制度,绝然无法长成。

——钱穆《中国历代政治得失》

(1)根据材料一,概括郑观应的思想观点。

(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,指出康有为的政治主张,并分析影响其政治主张的因素。

(3)综合上述材料并结合19世纪末以前的史实,指出能够体现出西方现代文化和中国传统文化相融合的近代中国思想与实践。

【答案】(1)郑观应主张学习西方,实行君主立宪制。

(2)主张:在渐进中建立君主立宪制度。因素:中国长期君主专制的历史传统;中国当时的社会阻力;英国君主立宪制的成功实践;近代西方启蒙思想和政治学说传入中国。

(3)洋务派提出中体西用的主张,开展洋务运动;维新派把西方政治学说与儒家思想相结合,为维新变法提供理论依据,掀起戊戌变法。

【解析】(1)本题考查学生阅读材料提取信息的能力。根据材料郑观应不仅自觉地运用儒家民本思想去解读西方民主政治的历史文化和思想学说,而且有意地借用民本思想的话语来为民主思想在中国的传播和民主政制在中国的推行进行分析,并结合中国早期维新思想概括出郑观应的思想的内容即可。

(2)本题考查学生阅读材料提取信息的能力。据材料于宪政中,君民共治,君民交益,即君主立宪只可去其太甚,以渐行之。如尽去之,人心国命无所寄,则荡然不乱耳可知,康有为主张在渐进中建立君主立宪制。据材料旧制行之数千年,实人心国命所寄,纪纲法度虽有积弊并结合所学知识得出其原因。

(3)本题需要注意题干的时间限制,所选史实必须体现中外融合。结合所学知识可知,地主阶级洋务派主张学习西方的科技,以维护腐朽落后的清王朝的统治;维新派康有为把西方先进的政治学说与儒家思想相结合,宣传变法的合理性,都体现了中外文化的融合特点。

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【题目】【2015·天津】A

University Room Regulations

Approved and Prohibited Items

The following items are approved for use in residential (住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.

Access to Residential Rooms Students are provided with a combination (组合密码) for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination.

Cooking Policy Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven (微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms. Pet Policy No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court. Quiet Hours Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday. Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.

【1】Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?

A. Ceiling fans and waterbeds.

B. Wireless routers and radios.

C. Hair dryers and candles.

D. TVs and electric blankets.

【2】What if a student is found to have told his combination to others?

A. The combination should be changed.

B. The Office should be charged.

C. He should replace the door lock.

D. He should check out of the room.

【3】What do we know about the cooking policy?

A. A microwave oven can be used.

B. Cooking in student rooms is permitted.

C. A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.

D. Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.

【4】If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face _____.

A. parent visits

B. a fine of $100

C. the Student Court

D. a written notice

【5】When can students enjoy a party in residences?

A. 7:00 am, Sunday.

B. 7:30 am, Thursday.

C. 11:30 pm, Monday.

D. 00:30 am, Saturday.

【题目】【2015·陕西】第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从下框的A~F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。

A. The mistaken belief

B. The need for tolerance

C. Unpunctuality at dinners

D. Punctuality and confidence

E. Self-discipline and punctuality

F. Avoid anxiety by being punctual

1

There is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. This is a mistaken view. Being unpunctual, we are not respectful of others ; we are interfering (扰乱)with another man's time. We must realise that keeping appointments or being punctual is a contract that is silently agreed and we are expected to respect this contract. It is only natural that we lose faith, trust and confidence in a person who is tardy(延迟的).

2

To be punctual one has to have self-discipline(自律), and the lack of it affects others. A school boy or girl is unpunctual because he or she does not have the necessary human virtue of self-discipline. It is also a mark of disrespect for a system or an institution. Unpunctual people seldom realise that their habit cause problems to others. A salesman who is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment. If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job.

3

Being punctual, we can avoid anxiety. Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual. You will be anxious if you set out for a dinner late. The person who sets out late might be careless in driving. He will ignore traffic rules. A traffic jam, flat tyres, etc. can delay him further. Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.

4

Many of those who attend dinners are notorious (声名狼藉的)for unpunctuality. They ignore the appointed time and leave their homes only after the fixed time. They are indifferent to the inconvenience caused to others. If the self-centred guest arrives late, the nine others at the table set for ten will have to wait. The host is put in an unpleasant situation and this man seldom thinks of the inconvenience caused to all -the waiters, the management staff, etc. It is necessary for us to think of others and be considerate to them.

5

However, we cannot always be intolerant (无法容忍的) of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some tolerance. There can be a busy executive who fights to keep to his schedule. Such a person may be forgiven if he is late, but not those who are deliberately late to create impression.

In modern society, punctuality is a necessary virtue. It is a recognition of the importance of other people.

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