题目内容

【题目】阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一1840年春英国议会在辩论对中国出兵是否合理的问题时,“反对派以拒绝为支持一种恶毒的、有伤道德的交易而进行战争的理由反对政府的政策。”

——摘编自马士《中华帝国对外关系史》

材料二1840年3月,英国对华棉制品出口商,曼彻斯特商会主席莫克·维卡在致英国外相巴麦尊的信中说:“是他们自己陷入了错误的处境,逼得我们不得不走上为国家所受的侮辱,为个人所受的委屈要求补偿的地步。如果曲解自由与正义的观念,现在我们不去为我们和他们之间商务关系上的合理利益而采取被迫采取的态度,这种想法就太唐吉诃德了。”

材料三 莫克·维卡在信中还说:“当前局势,可能提供机会,完成两国关系的改善,随着关系的改善,我们输出(棉织品)的扩张程度将是不可估量的。”

——摘编自《英国纺织利益集团与两次鸦片战争资料》

(1)根据材料一和所学知识,分析“反对派”反对政府政策的原因。(不得摘抄材料原文)

(2)据材料二概括莫克·维卡表达的主要观点。(不得摘抄材料原文)

(3)据材料三指出“当前局势,可能提供机会,完成两国关系的改善”这句话的真实含义。

(4)综合以上材料,说明英国发动鸦片战争的目的。

【答案】(1)原因:他们认为这场战争是为了保护鸦片走私,是不道德的。

(2)观点:战争的责任是中国损害了英国的利益;为道德观念而放弃利益是不明智的。

(3)含义:以中国禁烟为借口发动战争,迫使中国屈服。

(4)目的:保护鸦片走私并为英国工业品打开中国市场。

【解析】(1)在解题过程中第一个要点是:要把握好鸦片战争爆发的根本原因和直接原因。本题解答的第二个要点是:要根据材料提取信息,切忌脱离材料和照抄材料。

(2)莫克·维卡的主要观点要根据材料进行概括,不能照抄材料,如“是他们自己陷入了错误的处境”明显是把战争责任推在中国身上。

(3)要理解“完成两国关系的改善”这句话的真实含义,必须结合材料二中莫克·维卡的话,材料二中表明他主张用战争来迫使中国改变之前的态度和政策。

(4)从上述材料可以看出,主张发动战争的人理由都是要维护英商的利益,故反映了其开拓世界市场的要求。

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【题目】【2015·湖北】完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

“Daily Star, sir” called Jason, carrying some newspapers under his arm. The little boy had been running up and down the street, but there were still twenty__ _left. His voice was almost gone and his heart was__ __. The shops would soon close, and all the people would go home. He would have to go home too, carrying the papers____ _money. He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a___ __for his mother and some seeds for his bird. That was why he had bought the papers with all his money. He___ ___as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.

“You don’t know the ___ _of selling papers. You must shout, “Hot news! Bomb bursting!” another newsboy Chad told Jason. “___ __it’s not in the paper at all,” replied Jason. “Just run away quickly____ ___they have time to see, and you’ll____ __out and get your money,”Chad said.

It was a new ___ __to Jason. He thought of his bird with no___ _and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother, but was____ __that he would not tell a lie. Though he was ___ __ a poor newsboy, he had been__ _ some good things.

The next afternoon Jason went to the office for his papers__ __. Several boys were crowding around Chad, who declared with a___ __smile that he sold six dozen the day before. Headded that Jason____ _money because he would not tell a lie. The boy ___ __at Jason. “You wouldn’t tell a lie yesterday, my boy?” A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason’s shoulder___ __.”You’re just the boy I am looking for.” A week later Jason started his new____ _. He lost sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie, but got a well-paid job because he told the truth.

【1】A.shops B.coins C.people D.papers

【2】A.open B.heavy C.pure D.weak

【3】A.instead ofB.in return for C.regardless of D.in exchange for

【4】A.cup B.card C.comb D.cake

【5】A.gave in B.broke down C.got away D.showed up

【6】A.difficultyB.process C.goal D.secret

【7】A.And B.But C.For D.So

【8】A.before B.since C.though D.unless

【9】A.call B.drop C.sell D.reach

【10】A.edition B.idea C.policy D.task

【11】A.bread B.insects C.seeds D.water

【12】A.concerned B.amazed C.excited D.determined

【13】A.still B.already C.just D.also

【14】A.taught B.handed C.awarded D.allowed

【15】A.at once B.by chance C.as usual D.on purpose

【16】A.proud B.gentle C.warm D.polite

【17】A.borrowed B.lost C.made D.saved

【18】A.laughed B.shouted C.nodded D.started

【19】A.bravely B.grateful C.fondly D.modestly

【20】A.duty B.business C.job D.method

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