【题目】 Big data(数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies and governments. One set of data can have people's names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer

Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.

Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.

How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people.

1This reading is about ___________________.

A. what big data is and how it is used

B. what schools and hospitals people like

C. where important data is collected and stored

D. how big data is controlled by governments and companies

2One company uses weather information to ______________________.

A. help children in need

B. know when people will visit the hospital

C. find out who tides the bus or train

D. understand when people will need ice cream

3The main idea of Paragraph 3 is _____________________.

A. big data can be used for good reasons

B. we can use big data in a number of ways

C. big data can be used for both good and bad reasons

D. we can use big data to prevent babies from getting sick

4The overall tone (总基调) of this reading is _______________________.

A. sad and personalB. personal and scientific

C. informative but sillyD. scientific and informative

【题目】 The year was 1859. America and England had already fought two wars. Now, they were at peace. But one day a pig got hungry. And it nearly caused another war between the two countries.

The pig was owned by a British man who lived on a small island. The island was just of the western part of North America. Both England and the US said the island was theirs. Across the island from the British man lived some American farmers. Everyone on the island got along peacefully. But the peace ended the day the British man's pig decided to eat some of an American farmer's potatoes.

One of the American farmers shot and killed the pig. Then the pigs owner wanted $100 from the man who shot the animal. That was a lot of money, so the farmer refused to pay it. The British and Americans began to argue, and the situation got worse. The farmers asked the governor over the island at that time for help. He sent a group of soldiers to protect the farmers. The British answered by sending 2,000 soldiers. The British were on one side of the island, and the Americans were on the other. The problem that began with the pig was about to become a shooting war.

When news of the problem reached Washington and London, both leaders were surprised. Neither country wanted another war. They sent some men to try to fix the problem. After a discussion, it was decided that each country would keep a small group of soldier on the island. They would stay there until the two countries could decide who owned the island. Then the others would have to leave.

Twelve years went by. Neither side wanted to give up the island, but they knew they had to do something. They asked the leader of Germany to help decide. After nearly a year of discussion, a decision was made. America would get the island.

Finally, the Pig War was over and only one shot was fired. That was the shot that killed the pig!

1What caused the problem on the island according to the passage?

A. An American shot a British man.

B. A group of soldiers came to the island.

C. British men destroyed an American's farmland.

D. A British man's pig ate some potatoes of an American farmer's.

2The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 4 refers to _______________.

A. the farmersB. the leadersC. the soldiersD. the Germans

3According to the passage, the real purpose of the two countries was _________________.

A. to own an islandB. to kill a pigC. to get more moneyD. to start a war

4Which of the following might he the best title for the passage?

A. The Pig IslandB. The Pig War

C. The Pig on the IslandD. The Island War

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