Question

【题目】 What’s a spacewalk? Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk. Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects( 影响) different things. By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.

When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen(氧气) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink. To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door. When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft. They keep astronauts from floating( 漂 浮 ) away into space. Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space.

How do astronauts train for spacewalks? One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool. For every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk, astronauts need to train seven hours in the pool. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟现实). It looks and feels just like a spacewalk.

Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China. The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go on a spacewalk. The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev. He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.

【1】About the spacewalk, we can know __________ .

A. some things can be fixed by astronauts during spacewalks

B. all experiments must be placed on the outside of a spacecraft

C. an astronaut can get out of a spacecraft any time while in space

D. a spacewalk lets scientists learn how being in space affects different things

【2】How many ways to keep the astronauts safe during spacewalks?

A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.

【3】What’s the meaning of the word “tethers” in Paragraph 2?

A. 吊篮B. 系绳C. 笼子D. 钩子

【4】Astronauts train for spacewalks by__________ .

A. floating in space

B. using virtual reality

C. going on spacewalks outside a spacecraft

D. training in water in a common swimming pool

【5】According to the passage, which is NOT true?

A. China can finish a spacewalk independently.

B. Astronauts can breathe and drink in spacesuits.

C. Astronauts can move around in space with the help of SAFER.

D. Anatoly Solovyev is the first person to go on a spacewalk in the world.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】B

【4】B

【5】D

【解析】

本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述太空漫步。包括什么是太空漫步、太空漫步的原因、太空漫步时宇航员的安全保障、宇航员如何训练太空漫步以及人类太空漫步的历史。

【1】推理判断题。根据experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft可知，实验可以放在航天器的外部，而不是所有的实验都必须都放在航天器的外部，排除B；根据Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk可知，任何时候宇航员在太空中走出飞船被叫做太空漫步，而不是宇航员在太空中任何时候都可以从宇宙飞船中出来，偷换概念，排除C；根据For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects( 影响) different things可知，实验可以在航天器的外部这件事可以让科学家知道太空是如何影响不同的事物的，排除D；根据By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix可知，通过太空行走，宇航员可以修东西而不用将他们带回地球修，故选A。

【2】细节理解题。根据When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe、To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door、When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft以及Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER可知，宇航员可以穿航天服、通过一个特别的门离开和返回航天器、用安全绳或者穿舱外活动简便救援装置，共四种，故选C。

【3】词义猜测题。根据When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft可知，当太空漫步时，宇航员使用安全拴绳来与航天器保持近距离，安全绳像一个绳子，连接着太空漫步者和航天器。tether像一个绳子，所以是系绳，故选B。

【4】细节理解题。根据One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool以及Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality可知，要么去特别的游泳池漂浮练习太空行走，要么使用虚拟现实练习太空行走，故选B。

【5】细节理解题。根据Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China可知，中国能独立地完成太空行走，排除A；根据Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen(氧气) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink可知，宇航员能够在航天服里呼吸和喝水；根据SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space可知，宇航员可以在里面移动，排除C；根据The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia可知，第一个太空行走的人是苏联的阿里克谢列昂诺夫。故选D。

解答词义猜测题时，可以使用如下技巧：1、根据上下文来猜测词义；2、通过同义词或近义词来猜测词义；3、通过构词法来猜测词义；4、通过定义或释义来猜测词义；5、通过句法功能来猜测词义；6、通过转折和因果关系来猜测词义；7. 通过生活常识来猜测词义。对于这类题采取“代入法”也非常有效，即将备选答案逐一代入文中，哪一个选项能使句子的意思通顺、连贯，且与上下文的内容一致，哪一个选项就是该题的正确答案。例如第3题。根据Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft可知，当太空漫步时，宇航员使用安全栓绳来与航天器保持近距离，安全绳像一个绳子，连接着太空漫步者和航天器。tether像一个绳子，所以是系绳。