Question

【题目】 We like to believe that before we make a decision, most of the time, we take time to consider all the facts carefully. However, Experts believe that only 5% of our decisions are based on a rational （理性的）thought process. So, what influences our decision-making process?

We often leave decision-making to our instincts（本能）.Scientists have found out that if we had the choice, we like to avoid pain rather than get something. In fact, we're twice as happy when we try to avoid a bad situation than when we experience a good one. This is why when companies send ads, they use phrases like "How to avoid...", "Don't miss out!", etc.

There are also physical reasons that affect our decision-making. Psychologist （心理学家）John Bargh carried on an experiment where people were asked what they thought of a fictional person, while holding a cold or a hot cup of coffee. Those holding the hot cup believed the person to be warmer and more sociable than those holding the cold cup. So, when temperatures rise, the more likely we are to believe in strangers.

Stress is another thing which affects our decisions. Different situations are more or less stressful for different people. Researchers have found, though, that women are more conservative （保守的）about decisions when stressed, while men are to make riskier choices.

It may come as a surprise but every day from the minute we get up, we have to make countless decisions, like what to wear, what coffee to have and so on. Each choice makes our brain a little bit more tired, and this affects our decision-making. That's why important people, like presidents wearing the same three suits all the time, want to limit the small choices and spend more brain power （力量）on the bigger ones.

【1】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

A.B.C.D.

【2】What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A.Every day we have to make lots of big decisions.

B.People sometimes judge a person by what he wears.

C.What people wear influences their decision making.

D.Making fewer decisions helps to save brain power.

【3】What can we learn from the passage?

A.We make most of the decisions after our careful thinking.

B.People are likely to be happier to avoid something bad.

C.As the temperature is low, we are likely to believe others

D.People usually have risky decisions under heavy pressure.

【4】The purpose of the passage is to__________.

A.tell us what influences decision-makingB.advise people to make rational decisions

C.warn people not to make risky decisionsD.show disadvantages of rational decisions

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】B

【4】A

【解析】

在我们做决定之前，大多数时候，我们会花时间仔细考虑所有的事实。然而，专家认为，只有5%的决定是基于理性的思维过程。本文主要讲述什么影响了我们的决策过程。

【1】篇章结构题。题干为：下面哪个选项显示了这篇文章的结构？分析文章可知，本文采用“总——分”的结构行文，且分论点下并无其他讲解，故选C。

【2】主旨大意题。题干为：最后一段的大意是什么？根据最后一段内容可知，本段主要讲述少做决定有助于节省脑力，故选D。

【3】推理判断题。题干为：我们能从这篇文章中学到什么？根据“Scientists have found out that if we had the choice…when we try to avoid a bad situation than when we experience a good one.”可知，当我们试图避免一个糟糕的情况时，我们的幸福感是经历一个好情况时的两倍，故选B。

【4】推理判断题。题干为：写这篇文章的目的是什么？根据文章主旨可知，本文主要告诉我们什么影响决策，故选A。