题目内容


    问题提出

如图①,已知直线l与线段AB平行,试只用直尺作出AB的中点.

初步探索

如图②,在直线l的上方取一个点E,连接EA、EB,分别与l交于点M、N,连接MB、NA,交于点D,再连接ED并延长交AB于点C,则C就是线段AB 的中点.

推理验证

利用图形相似的知识,我们可以推理验证AC=CB.

(1)若线段a、b、c、d长度均不为0,则由下列比例式中,一定可以得出b=d的是()

A. =

B.=

C.=

D.=

(2)由MN∥AB,可以推出△EFN∽△ECB,△EMN∽△EAB,△MND∽△BAD,

△FND∽△CAD.

     所以,有====,

         所以,AC=CB.

拓展研究

如图③,△ABC中,D是BC的中点,点P在AB上.

(3)在图③中只用直尺作直线l∥BC.

(4)求证:l∥BC.

 



解:(1)B;········································································································· 1分

(2),;·························································································· 3分

(3)如图①,画图正确;················································································· 6分

(4)如图②,过点Q作MN∥BC,交AB、AC分别于点M、N,

∵MN∥BC,

∴△AMQ∽△ABD,△AQN∽△ADC,

∴= ,=,

∴= .···················································································· 7分

∵点D是BC的中点,

∴BD=CD,

∴MQ=NQ.

∵MN∥BC,

∴△PMQ∽△PBC,△EQN∽△EBC,

∴= ,=,     ∴=,

∴=,······················································································· 8分

又∵∠PQE=∠CQB,

∴△PQE∽△CQB,················································································· 9分

∴∠EPQ=∠BCQ,

∴PE∥BC,

即l∥BC.······························································································ 10分

 


                                                     

                                                                                                                   


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