4.主语+动词+so 主语做了前文所述的事情。

▲ a good amount of “许多,大量”,修饰不可数名词。

1) a good / great many     

  a large/ great / good number of  

  a good few / quiet a few +可数名词复数(作主语时谓语动词用复数)  

2) many a/ an +单数可数名词(作主语时,谓语动词用单数)

3) a great/ good deal of   

a good/ large amount of  +不可数名词(作主语时,谓语动词用单数)   

4)a lot of=lots of

plenty of +可数名词复数或不可数名词(作主语时谓语动词根据名词确定

a large great quantity of 

large quantities of +可数名词复数(作主语时谓语动词用复数)或不可数(作主语时谓语动词由quantity的单复数决定)

过去分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致.

(1)  作状语:

分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语保持一致的情况下,如果分词和句子的主语之间在逻辑上是

被动关系,用过去分词,否则用现在分词。分词短语也可以有自己的逻辑主语,这种结构

称为独立主格结构。分词作状语可以相当于一个状语从句。现在分词的被动式,习惯上不

作伴随状语。注意比较下面的句子:

Seen from the space, the earth looks blue. =  When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.

Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables willremain fresh.

= If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh

Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.

2) 作表语:

一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,-ed形式常和人有关,-ing形式常和物有关。look, expression等词作主语时常用-ed形式作表语,但有时要看具体情况。请在下面的几组句中体会他们的区别

The news was very exciting.  I was excited at it.. 

The book is interesting.     He is interested in it

The question is puzzling.    His look is puzzled.

His expression was frightening. I was frightened

delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的

disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的

encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的

pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的

satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的

surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的

worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的

tiring令人疲倦的- tired感到疲倦的

boring 令人厌烦的-bored 感到厌烦的

(3) 作定语:过去分词做定语与其修饰词

之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作

已完成;现在分词作定语表示

u   The picture hanging on the wall is painted

 by my nephew.

The building being built is a hospital.

u   The flowers smelling sweet in the botanic

   garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature

u   Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing

  and Mining Company, known as 3M.

u   The key to solving the problem is to meet the

demand made by the customers.

u   Prices of daily goods bought through a

  computer can be lower than store prices.

便于记忆-ed形式和-ing形式作表语及作

定语时的区别的句子:

I am interested in the interesting book.

He was excited at the exciting news.

The parents were disappointed about their disappointing son.

Mr. Smith, tired of the boring   speech,      started to read a novel.

(4)作补语:

跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch, have get, keep, hear, find,feel, leave, make, want, start,

notice, observe, watch, set等。在复合宾语中,用现在分词作宾补,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用过去分词作宾补,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑

上的动宾关系。

There was so much noise that the speaker  couldn’t make himself heard

When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.

Just now I caught him stealing things from the supermarket.

Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents worried.

NOTE:非谓语动词使用条件: 一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。并非分词的逻辑主语都要和句子的主语一致。此时的分词短语又可称为垂悬状语。有些动词不定式也可以这样运用。常见的这种情况有:

Strictly speaking, smoking is not allowed here

Judging from what he said, he is a southerner

Taken as a whole, there is nothing important in his speech.

To tell you the truth, I don’t like English teacher

To speak frankly, I don’t agree with you about the case.

1--- What’s the language _______ in New Zealand?

  1. Speaking   B. spoken   C. be spoken    D. to speak
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