2.opportunity ,occasion与chance的区别:

      opportunity, occasion, chance这组词的一般含义是“时机”或“机会”。不管在口语中或者在文学作品中,这几个都是常用的词。

      (1)opportunity表示某时机符合自己想干某事的意愿、目的、雄心甚至野心。常与动词have, get, find, create, take, miss等连用。

例如:

      They are waiting for an opportunity to take action:他们正在伺机而动

      to avail oneself of the opportunity to say a few words:借此机会说几句话

      I took the opportunity of visiting my aunt while I was in Shanghai.

      我利用在上海的机会探望了我的姑姑。

      Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.

      或许这两种想象中都有一定的真实成分,但是我们中很少有人有机会去发现它。

      (2)occasion含有opportunity所能表达的这样一层意思:某时机能激发或唤起某人的某种行为,

如:

      在“必要时”一语中便包含着激发某行为的时刻,此语可译为When occasion demands…;“这不是哭泣的时候。”这句话可译为It's no occasion for crying。在to have no occasion to do…固定词组中,occasion之所以能够引申为reason或cause的含义,也是与occasion的上述基本词义有关的。

再如:

      This sort of thing is usual on occasions like this. 这类事情在这种场合是常见的。

      This is not an occasion for laughter.

      这不是笑的时候。(指不适合于笑,或不是笑的场合。)

      (3)chance表示幸运或偶然的时机,还可以指可能性的程度。

例如:

      What are your chances of being promoted?你升职的可能性有多大?

      N o one discovers a rarity by chance.  侥幸发现一件珍品的人是没有的。

1.for example, for instance, such as, like

      (1)for example用来举例说明。为句中插入语,其前后需用逗号隔开。它可用于句首、句中或句末。

      Fox example, liquid has no definite shape.

      例如,液体没有固定的形状。

      Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution.

      例如,噪音是一种污染。

      Many great men have risen from poverty-Lincoln and Edison, for example.

      许多伟人是从贫困中崛起的-比如林肯和爱迪生。

      (2)such as用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。such as后切不可用逗号,

如:

      Some of the European languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.

      有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语,例如法语、意大利语和西班牙语。

      Note: 使用such as来举例子,只能举其中一部分,不能全部举出。若全部举出,要改用namely或者that is to say(意为:即)。

      如:

      He knows four languages, namely(=that is to say) Chinese, English, Russian and French.

      他精通四门语言,即汉语、英语、俄语和法语。

      (3)like也常用来举例,可与such as互换。

如:

      Some cold-blooded animals, like(=such as) the cat, the dog or the wolf, do not need to hibernate.

      such as 用于举例时可以分开使用,这是不能与like互换。

      Such people as you described just now are very common these days.

      像你刚才描述的那种人这些日子很常见。

      (4)for instance经常与for example互换。

如:

      There are occupations (which are) more dangerous than truck driving; for instance (for example), training tigers.  比开卡车危险的职业还是有的,比如说驯老虎。

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