4.根据句子的意思,句中的指示代词、地点以及时间状语等也要作必要的变动。

例如:

“Come here,” the police officer said to the driver.

--The police officer told the driver to go there.

[考点透视 考例精析]

[考点] 考查动词的-ing形式与-ed分词的用法。

[考例1]  The old man felt _______________ he couldn’t say a word but cried with his body shaking at the airport.

      A.so excited that  B.so exciting that  C.oo excited to    D.enough exciting to

[解析] 选A.从对句子的结构分析我们可以看出这是一个复合句,因此用so …that连接。Excited表示“某人对某事感到激动”,所以其主语多用指人的词;而exciting表示“某事令某人激动的”,因而主语多用指物的词。本句的意思是“那位老人感到非常激动,他在飞机场颤动着身体大哭起来,一句话都说不出来。”因此答案选A。

[考点] 考查动词need to do与need doing/to be done的用法。

[考例2]The teachers___________ change their forms of practice, and sometimes some practice ________ as well.

      A.need, needs changing                B.need, needs to change

      C.need to, need to change              D.need to, needs changing

[解析]选D.由指人的词作主语,表示“需要做某事”的时候,应该使用句型“need to do something”;如果要表示“某事需要(被)做”,那就一般用指物的词作主语,使用句型“something need doing/to be done”。

[考点]本题考查动词trade的用法以及not at all 与not a little的意义区别。

  [考例3] Mr. Robert doesn’t like to _________ with Arabs _____________ just because he used to be hurt five years ago.

      A.trade, at all                        B.business, not a bit

      C.trade, a little                       D.do business, not a little

[解析] 选A.“trade…with 与do business with”意思都是“与某人做买卖、交往”。Not at all 与not a bit都表示“一点也不”;但是,not a little表示“不止一点,非常,相当”的意思,相当于very的意思。所以,根据句子的意思,应该选A。

[拓展] not a bit与not a little这两个词组的意思要引起特别的重视,因为它们的肯定意思相同,而否定结构意思相差非常大。另外还要注意这两个词组的肯定式后面接名词时也是有区别的。a bit后要先接of再接名词;而a little后可以直接接名词。例如:

There is only a little ink in the bottle.

There is only a bit of ink in the bottle.

[考点]  need作情态动词与作行为动词的区别。

[考例4]  In fact you ______________ argue with anyone, just making yourself happy in your office.

       A.need not to    B.didn’t need to                        C.mustn’t     D.can’t

[解析]  选B.need既可以作情态动词也可以作行为动词。作为情态动词使用时,其后面直接接动词原形,否定的结构是直接在其后接not,而且无第三人称单数形式;用作行为动词时,变成否定句和疑问句要遵循其它行为动词的规则,即加上助动词do, does, did等等。

[基础演练]

2. question, problem, trouble, matter的区别:

这四个名词都可以翻译成“问题”,question指主观存在的“疑惑、疑问”,所以是需要“回答(answer)的”;problem指客观存在的和遇到的疑难问题,有时指较严重的问题,所以是需要“解决(solve,work out)的”;trouble指遇到的“麻烦、问题”,指存在并有点棘手的问题;matter表示“事情,麻烦”,指具有某种特征的事例。例如:

You haven't answered my question.  你还没有回答我的问题。

His honesty is beyond question.  他的诚实无可怀疑。

a key problem: 一个关键问题

The problem was how to move the heavy machinery.

问题是怎样移动这台沉重的机器。

They are discussing how to solve the problem.

他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。

The boy caused a lot of trouble to his parents;he was always in trouble.

这个男孩给他的父母招来很多麻烦,他甚为苦恼。

Students growing up from nursery school to college have trouble dealing with realities.

从幼儿园到大学的大学生在如何应付现实生活上都存在困难。

Trouble seems to be developing both in the cities and in the villages.

城市和农村好象都在酝酿着麻烦的事端。

This is a matter of no account.  这是一件无关紧要的事。

I can't see the visitors right now. I have an urgent matter to attend to.

现在我不能接见客人,因为我有一件急事要办。

It is still a serious matter that some people drive after having drunk.

一些人酒后驾车仍然是一个严重的问题。

1.specially与especially的区别:这两个词都有“特别、专门”的意思。

  (1)specially指的是非一般、非正常、非广泛。表示为某一特定目的而做某事,经常翻译成“专门”。

例如:

I came here specially to ask you a question. 我是专门来问你一个问题的。

"Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him."

他所驾驶的汽车是为他特制的`蓝鸟'。

Specially-made lanterns are hung outside each house to help the dead to find their way.

"家家户户都挂着特制的灯笼,以帮助死者认路。"

He is not specially clever,but he works hard.

他不是特别聪明,但他工作很努力。

  (2)especially的特殊、特别指的是非普通、非寻常、程度上超过其他的。常常翻译成“尤其,特别地”,修饰形容词、副词或者动词,表示某种情况与平常很不一样。例如:

I love Italy, especially in summer. 我喜欢意大利,尤其是在夏天。

There is one part of the country with an especially large Indian population.  That is the southwest.

"美国有一个区域的印第安人特别多,那就是美国西南部。"

"People, especially youngsters don't seem so polite these days."

"如今人们,尤其是年青人好象不那么讲礼貌了。"

"'Do you like chocolate?' 'Not, especially.'" '你喜欢吃巧克力吗?''不是特别喜欢。'

  (3)specially与 especially在数量、程度等方面表示“例外、格外、过分”的意思时一般可以互换。口语中,一般用specially, 正式文件中多用especially,特别是在介词或者连词前面尤为多见。例如:

It’s not specially/especially hot today.

今天不算特别热。

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