有一类名词作主语时往往需要不定式作表语,这类名词有: hope, idea,job,mistake,plan,suggestion,wish,work,aim,purpose,thing,business,news,information

e.g. The purpose of the trip was to record all the wildlife. 旅行的目的是记录所有的野生动物。His aim is to go to a famous university.他的目的是上一所名牌大学。Her job is to clean the building.他的工作是打扫这栋楼。

ⅵ、作状语

1)目的状语

in order to / so as to do sth

e.g. He stopped to have a look. 他停下来看了一看。 In order to earn enough money, he worked late into the night. 为了赚到足够的钱, 他工作到深夜。  He ran quickly in order to / so as to catch the last bus. 他跑得很快以便赶上那末班车。

2)结果状语,

aso…as to do sth / such…as to  e.g. Would you please be so kind as to help me? 请你发发慈悲帮帮我吧?  He is such a fool as to believe them. 他是那样一个傻瓜结果竟相信了他们。

b表示出乎意料的结果,常与only,never等连用。 e.g. He went to school early only to find nobody was there.他很早去了学校,结果发现学校没人。  She went back home only to find there was a thief in her house.她回到家结果发现她家有个贼。  She went abroad never to return.她出国了结果再也没后来。  

3)原因状语

sb be adj. to do 其中的不定式作状语。形容词为“高兴、激动、兴奋、愤怒angry,delighted, excited, glad, pleased,sorry,surprised, …”等表示情绪的词。 e.g.He was sorry to have done her harm.他很抱歉伤害了她。

不定式的一些结构:1)too glad / happy / anxious / eager / ready / willing / thankful…to do 表肯定:He is (only) too ready to get the dictionary.他太愿意得到那本词典。

2)sb / sth be heavy/ light/ hard/ difficult/ easy/ important/ (un)comfortable/ interesting/ boring, tiring/(im)possible /pleasant /nice /safe /dangerous /cheap /fit /……to do 结构中的不定式用主动表示被动。 e.g. The story is easy to read.这故事读着容易。

3) 不定式符号to的保留与省略:

在be able (glad, happy, pleased, delighted) to;  have (need, ought) to; expect,hope, plan,seem, want, wish; mean, intend; suppose; would like / love 等后的不定式,可承前省略to后的部分,保留to.  e.g. ---Would you go there?   --- I’d like to, but I’m too busy.  I have said what I meant to.

但是,如果to后是be, have, have been,要保留这些词。

---I didn’t tell him the news.         ---Oh, you ought to have.

---Are you a doctor?         ---No, but I used to be.

作like, try的宾语时,to可一并省略。 e.g. You can stay at home or go out, in a word, you can do whatever you like.

练一练

1.     Sorry, I’m very busy and I can’t help you ______the house.

A. clean         B. cleaning         C. to clean           D. A or C

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