定语从句
考点1 “介词+关系代词which/whom”中介词和关系代词的选择
介词后作宾语的关系代词为历年高考考查的重点,一般来讲有两个:指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which。当然关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如:
①The pen with
which he wrote was made in China.他写字用的钢笔是中国制造的。
②The train on
which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast.汤姆到加拿大去时乘坐的火车速度非常快。
③The teacher
in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.那位老师对他的学生非常有耐心,他家的房子前面
有一棵大树。
考点2 as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的判定
1.as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。
(1)此时的as意为“正如……,正像……”。翻译时有时可不必译出。如:
You are clever,as all those who know you can see.你很聪明,所有认识你的人都能看出来。
(2)在句法上,as常用作一些实义动词(如see,know,hear,watch,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess等)的宾语,这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。如:
As we all know,China is becoming stronger and
stronger.众所周知,中国正变得越来越强大。
(3)as引导的从句可以前置(而which引导的从句则不可)。如:
As is a fact,Mike is expected to make a top student.这是一个事实,迈克有望成为一名顶尖的学生。
特别提示
主句中出现the same,such,so修饰先行词时,要选择as作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,此时as引导的是限制性定语从句。另外要注意:
(1)the same…that与the same…as引导的定语从句在意义上的区别:前者修饰的名词与原物是同一个东西;而后者修饰的是与先行词同类型的另一样东西。试比较:
①This is the
same bag that I lost yesterday.这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一个书包)
②This is the
same bag as I lost yesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。(同类型的另一个)
(2)such/so…as…和such /so…that…结构不同,as引导定语从句,而that引导状语从句。如:
①They talked
in such simple English as children could understand.他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。(定语从句,as代替先行词simple English作understand的宾语)
②He shut the
window with such a force that the glass broke.他如此用力地关窗,结果玻璃碎了。(结果状语从句,that引导的从句表示用力关窗导致的结果)