1.　　　　 Which of the following diagrams shows the correct relationship in blood transfusions? (giving blood to →)

4.　　　　 Which of the following can be the appropriate title of the passage?

　　　 A. Flying Kites in Bad Weather.　　　　　　 B. How to Make a Kite.

C. How to Collect Electricity.　　　　　　　　 D. The Key to Success.

(十五)

　　 You have been badly injured in a car accident, it is necessary to give you a blood in blood transfusion because you lost a great deal of blood in the accident, however, special care must be taken in selecting new blood for you. If the blood is too different from your own, the transfusion could kill you.

　　 There are four basic types of blood: A, B, AB and O. A single test can tell us a person’s blood type. Everybody is born with one of these four types of blood. Blood type, like hair color and height, is inherited from parents. Because of the substances contained in each type, the four group must be transfused carefully. Basically, A and B cannot be mixed. A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. O can give to any other group; so it is often called the universal donor. For the opposite reason, AB is sometimes called the universal recipient. However, because there can be so many reactions in transfusions, patients usually receive only salt or plasma(血浆)until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible in the blood bank of the hospital. In this way, it is possible to avoid any bad reactions to the transfusion.

　　 There is a relationship between your blood type and your nationality. Among the Europeans, about 42 percent have type A while 45 percent have type O. The rarest is type AB. Other races have different percentage. For example, some American Indian groups have nearly 100 percent type O.

3.　　　　 If you got electric shock while doing the experiment, there could be something wrong with _____.

　　　 A. the ribbon tied at the end of the kite　 B. the metal fixed to the top of the kite

　　　 C. the strength of the frame　　　　　　　　　 D. the silk ribbon above the key

2.　　　　 In the experiment when Franklin saw some of the hairs on the string stand up, he knew _____.

　　　 A. electricity and lightning were the same

　　　 B. his experiment proved his idea right

　　　 C. the string got charged

　　　 D. he would collect a great deal of electricity

1.　　　　 What may be a “condenser” in the second paragraph?

　　　 A. A tool used for making kites.

　　　 B. A device for receiving and storing electric charge.

　　　 C. Something like umbrella to keep you from the rain.

　　　 D. Something to protect you from being shocked.

4.　　　　 We can learn from the text that ______.

　　　 A. the Atlantic is the largest ocean on earth

　　　 B. one of the longest mountain ranges lies in the Atlantic

　　　 C. the Atlantic has a lot of islands in it

D. sailing on the Atlantic Ocean is always quiet, smooth and safe

(十四)

　　　 Colorful kites are a common sight in China in the spring. Kites have also played an important part in the history of science. In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin did a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity was and how it could be used. Here is how he described one of his experiments in his diary.

　　　 “In June 1752, I wanted to show that electricity and lightning are the same. I built a strong kite and waited for bad weather. When the first thunderstorm came, I took my kite and a condenser on a walk in the fields. The kite flew high in the rainy sky, but nothing happened. I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work. Just then, I saw some of the hairs on the string stand up. The string was getting charged(充电了的)! I brought my finger close to the sky, and felt a light but very clear electric shock. Others followed even before the whole string was wet, and I was able to collect and store a great of electricity into the condenser. This experiment proves my idea true”.

　　　 This is how the kite was made. First you build the frame of the kite by making a small cross of two pieces light wood. Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross. And then add a tail to the frame and tie a long string to the cross so you can control the kite.

　　　 The next three steps are very important. First, fix a very sharp piece of metal, pointing a foot or more above the frame, to the top of the longest stick of the cross. Second, fasten a key to the end of the long string. Third, tie silk ribbon(带)to the string, just above the key. This ribbon, which must not get wet, will protect you from the electricity.

　　　 Fly your kite when a thunderstorm appears to be coming on. Stand inside a door or under some cover, so that the silk ribbon does not get wet. You can collect and store the electricity with the condenser and use it for other experiments.

3.　　　　 What is the topic of the fifth paragraph?

　　　 A. How deep the water is

　　　 B. How to measure the water in the Atlantic Ocean

　　　 C. How much water the Ocean holds.

　　　 D. How rain affects the Ocean water.

2.　　　　 What caused people to be unwilling to explore the Atlantic?

　　　 A. There are no ships big enough to get across the Ocean.

　　　 B. Sailors were afraid of being lost in the Ocean.

　　　 C. The Atlantic Ocean was very unusual because it has few islands and the saltiest water.

　　　 D. Many incorrect ideas such as “the edge of the world”, “the equator with boiling hot water”, made people think the Ocean was full of danger.

1.　　　　 Which world is the Old World?

　　　 A. Africa　　　　　　　 B. Europe　　　　　　　 C. Asia　 　　　　D. All of above

4.　　　　 It is suggested in the text that FIFA should _____.

A. punish the referees who made serious mistakes

　 　　 B. revise its rules for being football referees

　 　　 C. use more referees in a football match

　　　 D. change the winner of the 1998 World Cup

(十三)

　　　 The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. For centuries it kept the Americans from being discovered by the people of Europe.

　　　 Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world.” Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth. Another idea was that at the equator(赤道)the ocean would be boiling hot.

　　　 The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, but it is still very large. It is more than 4,000 miles (6,000km) wide where Columbus crossed it. Even at its narrowest it is about 2,000 miles (3,200km) wide.

　　　 Two things make the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual. For so large an ocean it has very few islands. Also, it is the world’s saltiest ocean.

　　　 There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers. It would take the ocean about 4,000 years to dry up. On the average the water is a little more than two miles (3.2km) deep, but in places it is much deeper. The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico. This “deep” measures 30,246 feet-almost six miles (9.6km).

　　　 One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic. This mountain range runs north and south down the middle of the ocean. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make islands.

　　　 Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea. Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind. In the days of sailing vessels(船)the crew were afraid they would be becalmed(停滞不前)here. Sometimes they were.

　　　 Today the Atlantic is a great highway. It is not, however, always a smooth and safe one. Storms sweep across it and pile up great waves. Icebergs float down from the Far North across the paths of ships.

　　　 We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. Columbus sailed for more than two months to cross it. A fast modern steamship can make the trip in less than four days. Airplanes fly from New York to London in only eight hours and from South America to Africa in four!