21．From this selection we know that cats ________.

　A. do not have regular sleep

　B. have occasional sleep as well as naps every day

　C. take naps to add to their regular sleep

　D. take naps when they are not happy

20. David Tebbett started Computertown UK with the purpose of ________.

　　 A. making better use of computer experts.

　　 B. increasing computer programs.

　　 C. increasing computer sales.

　　 D. popularising computers.

F

　Cats are creatures of habit. They like to go to sleep about the same time every day and for a certain length of time. They seem to have a natural clock inside them that tells them when to sleep. Cats increase their regular sleep with occasional cat naps(打盹). Some experts feel that humans could also benefit from this habit. Cat naps help to build up energy in the body. They are also a good way to get rid of trouble! Since cats have the same moods(情绪)as humans, some experts believe that people can improve their moods. People might become happier.

　A number of famous people have copied cats by taking cat naps during the day. The naps would usually last from 15 to 30 minutes. Winston Churchill took cat naps. So did Presidents Harry Truman, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson. These famous men were known for their energy. They were also able to work long hours, often into the night. Napping was their secret.

19. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to the idea that Computertowns __________.

　　 A. help to set up more computer clubs.

　　 B. bring people to learn to use computers.

　　 C. bring more experts to work together.

　　 D. help to sell computers to the public.

18. We can infer from the text that “computer-literate” means ________.

　　 A. being able to afford a computer.

　　 B. being able to write computer programs.

　　 C. working with the computer and finding out its value.

　　 D. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it.

17. Which of the following is David Tebbutt’s idea on the relationship between people and computers?

　　 A. Computer learning should be made easier.

　　 B. There should be more computer clubs for experts.

　　 C. People should work harder to master computer use.

　　 D. Computers should be made cheaper so that people can afford them.

16. The author promises to explain _________.

　 A. the necessity of the local governmental unit.

　 B. why it is easier to use the government to control education.

　 C. the responsibility of the social group.

　 D. why parents should not teach their children.

E

　 Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate”. But not all experts agree that this is a good idea.

　 One pioneer in particular, who disagrees in David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK. Although many people see this as successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate”.

　 David Tebbett thinks Computertowns are most successful when tied to a computer club but he insists there is an important difference between the two. The clubs are for people who have some computer knowledge already. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers for them to experiment on, with experts to encourage them and answer any questions they have. They are not told what to do, they find out. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers but have to be able to tell people questions people ask. People don’t have to learn computer terms(术语), but the experts are becoming “people-literate”.

15. The method which the author says might become entirely untenable is _____.

　 A. the method of social organization.

　 B. parental education of children.

　 C. a simple social order.

　 D. the entrustment of education to special individuals.

14. The writer would probably argue for _______.

A. more parental influence in education.

B. an educational system which takes social complexity into account.

C. strict state control of education.

D. more special training for teachers.

13. The closest restatement(重新叙述) of the first sentence is ___.

A. The more complex a social organization becomes, the more complex the educational system becomes.

B. The complexity of a social organization depends on the complexity of the educational system.

C. Social organizations are truly as complex as they need to be for educational purposes.

D. Our society must be complex if we want our education system to serve our children’s educational requirements.

12. One thing necessary for discovering influenza outbreak is __.

　 A. doctors and hospital services.

　 B. drugs to fight the disease.

　 C. the United Nations.

　 D. sick Chinese.

D

　 It is true that as a social organization moves from the simple to the complex, so does the organization through which it educates its children. Growth and change are vital if education is to meet new needs and demands. In a very simple social order it may suffice(足够) to have the parents carry on the education of their children. However, as will be shown later in more detail, such a method may become entirely untenable(站不住脚的), and special individuals are entrusted(委交) with the task. These may be hired privately at first, but soon the social group---- the church, village, and the like----will be responsible for education. Eventually, special training is required for those who do the teaching, and an agency to control this training is needed. Thus the influence of local government unit, such as the town, township, and later the state or the province, becomes necessary. It was generally considered simpler to use as a unit the already existing local unit.