1．  现在完成时的构成：have/has+动词的过去分词

2．  现在完成时的肯定句：

主语（第一，二人称单复数，第三人称复数）+have

主语（第三人称单数）+has                         +动词过去分词

3．  现在完成时的否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词

4．  现在完成时的疑问句及回答：Have/Has +主语+过去分词？

5．   现在完成时的用法：

   1）表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响，可以细分为下列两种情况：a.表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束，常和just, now , already, yet等连用。如，I have finished my homework now.现在我已经做完作业了。

          b.表示过去动作的结果现在仍残留着，一般不和时间状语连用。如I have lost my pen.我把钢笔弄丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在还没有找到这支钢笔）。

  2）表继续（动作未结束）。如 I have lived here since 1989.我自从1989年就住在这。（表示现在仍住在这）【注意】表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还继续下去的动作或状态。

6．  现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：两种时态都表示过去发生的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的联系，对现在产生的结果，影响等，而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。表示过去固定时间状语只能与一般过去时连用，而不能与现在完成时连用。表示过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week, a week ago, on Friday, just now, in the evening, the other day。现在完成时的时间状语：since Monday, until now, for a long time, since I came here, since last week, up to now, lately, recently.

7．  look for, find , find out, search:

1）   look for表示“寻找”，强调找的动作或过程。

2）  find表示“找到”，强调找的结果。

3）  find out表示“找出，查明”之意，指经过调查，观察，询问或研究等手段发现或找到。

4）  search是指对某一处所，人身进行搜查或指寻找想找的人或物，后面可以接介词for，但比look for语气更强些。

8．  go on的其他用法：go on意思为“继续”时，有下列几种用法：

   1）go on doing sth.意思为“继续做某事”

   2）go on to do sth意思为“继续做（另一件事）

   3）go on with sth有时与go on doing互换使用，意思为“继续做某事”。

9．   In the past twelve months, they’ve had three major concerts and made a hit CD.

     在过去的十二个月里，他们举办了三场较大的音乐会，出版了一张很受欢迎的CD唱片。

   （1）“in the past+时间段”常用于完成时的句子中，表示“在过去的……时间里”，past是形容词，可以用last来替换，而past/last的后面通常要使用“数字+名词”的结构。

     In the past/last two years, she has studied English very hard.

      在过去的两年里，她一直在努力地学英语。

  （2）短语make a hit表示“大获成功”、“（演出等）大受欢迎；受到赞扬”等，hit是名词，表示成功而风行一时的事物，如电影，歌曲，演出等。

Zhou Jielun has just made a hit CD. 周杰伦刚出版了一盘轰动一时的CD。

His song was a great hit. 他的歌曲轰动一时。

He made a great hit in teaching. 他曾在教学上获得了巨大的成功。

10.get back意思为“取回”；get back意思为“回来”，相当于return

       Sorry I couldn’t get back to you sooner. 很抱歉我没能尽快给你回复。

这是在E-mail message回复中的常用语,句中“get back to sb”的意思是“以后再答复”。

I can’t give you a definite answer now but I’ll get back to you about it soon.

我现在不能给你一个明确的回答，但我很快会给你答复的。

11.yet, already:yet用于否定句和疑问句中。Already主要用于肯定句中，用于疑问句中时常表示惊讶。  yet常放在句尾，也可以紧跟在not的后面，而already则常放在句中。

12. And then they’re going to go on a world tour in which they will perform in ten different cities. 然后，他们将去世界各地旅行并在十个城市巡回演出。

...in which they will perform in ten different cities是定语从句，先行词是tour,在关系代词which前介词in通常的位置是在动词perform的后面。本句为了避免与in two different cities短语中的in重复，将perform后的第一个in前置。句中perform主要指扮演角色，演奏某种乐器，演出某一节目，侧重能力，技巧，效果，可用作及物动词和不及物动词。

The magician performed wonderful tricks. 魔术师表演了精彩的魔术。

He performs perfectly on the piano. 他的钢琴演奏太棒了。

13. Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you ― if you can get tickets, that is. 如果他们来到你附近的城市，千万不要错过――当然，如果你能弄到票的话。

（1）句中的that is表示“确切地；换句话说；也就是”，用来表达一个准确的说法，即对前面的内容加以准确地说明。

She’s a housewife ― when she’s not teaching English, that is.

她是个家庭主妇――是指她不教英语的时候。

（2）句中miss是“错过”，后接名词、代词或v-ing形式，不可接不定式。

They missed the train by two minutes.他们差两分钟没赶上火车。

I came late and missed seeing the beginning of the movie.

我来晚了，没有看见电影的开始部分。

miss还可表示“丢失”、“失去”，与lose同义。

14.      ...but we really hope to have a number one hit some day. 

……但是我们真的希望有朝一日我们制作出能卖得最好的一首歌。

some day意为“将来某一日”，等于someday,与one day是近义词。

some day/someday只表示将来，不表示过去。而one day用在过去时的句子里

是“有一天”的意思，用在将来时的句子里是“将有一天”，与some day/someday

可互换。

He will be a scientist some day.总有一天他会成为科学家。

I hope to see you one day/someday.我希望有一天会看到你。

One day last summer they made a trip to the country.

去年夏天某日他们到乡间旅行。

15.      ...as a part of the “In Search of Roots” summer camp program. 

……作为“寻根”夏令营活动的一部分。

in search for是固定短语,for 后面的名词同样必须是“寻找的目标”，不是“搜寻的对象”。search前常出现a 或one’s等词对search加以限定或修饰，这个短语也常作目的状语。

The soldiers were sent in a search for the missing aircraft.

士兵们被派去搜寻失踪的飞机。

So far, they have been unlucky in their search for gold and have no money at all.

到现在为止，他们寻找金子的运气一直不好，而且他们身上也没钱了。

知识拓展

search的基本用法

（1）search的动词用法。

◎ search不与介词或副词搭配时是及物动词，表示“搜查”的意思，其后通常接处所或人物名词，表示搜查的对象。

He even searched my home without any reason.

他甚至毫无理由地搜查了我的家。

I’ve searched my memory, but can’t remember that man’s name.

我苦思良久，仍然记不起那人的名字。

They searched every part of the building. 他们对全楼进行了搜查。

◎ search用不及物动词，后面接介词for 和after，构成及物性动词短语，两者是“搜寻，寻找”的意思，表示花费极大的气力去搜寻某个特定的目标，常含有对立或不对立的意味，两者可以通用，只不过search for 更常见些。

For a whole day they searched for/after the lost child.

他们找了一天这个丢失的孩子。

16.      ...and so far has brought thousands of overseas Chinese students... 

 ……到目前为止，它带来了成千上万的海外华裔学生……

so far 意思是“到目前为止”，常用于完成时，表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，强调到目前为止的情况,可位于句首，也可位于句末。

So far, no man has traveled farther than the moon.

到现在为止，还没有人到过比月球更远的地方。

How many travelers have been to Disneyland so far?

到现在为止有多少旅客到过迪斯尼乐园？

So far we haven’t got any news from them.

到目前为止，我们还没有得到他们的任何消息。

8.  Most, like Robert, can hardly speak any Chinese, and have never been to China before.  

 像罗伯特一样，大多数人几乎都不会说中文，而且以前从来没有到过中国。

（1）hardly是一个否定副词，表示“几乎不，简直不”，相当于almost not，含有否定的意义，故在句中不能另加否定词。切莫将hardly误认为是由hard+ly构成的副词。此外，hardly 位于句首时，要用倒装语序。

I hardly know what to say. 我简直不知道说什么好。

Hardly can I move this heavy desk. 我简直移不动这张重桌子。

― Can you catch what I said?你能听懂我说的话吗？

― Sorry, I can hardly understand it.对不起，我几乎听不懂。

（2）have been后面接to表示某人“去过某地，现在已经回来了”，可用于各种人称。

Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你曾经去过上海吗？

He has been to America twice. 他到美国去过两次。

【友情链接】have gone to与have been in的用法

have gone 表示某人“去某地了”，不论是在途中还是到了目的地，重点是强调这个人已经不在说话人所在的地方了，常用于第三人称；have been in，则表示一直“呆在某个地方”，常与表示一段时间状语连用。

Henry has gone to London. 亨利到伦敦去了。

They have been in Beijing for two weeks. 他们在北京已经有两个星期了。

10. Thanks to In Search of Roots...  多亏“寻根”……

【知识归纳】thanks, thanks to与thanks for的用法

◎ thanks是名词thank的复数形式，意为“感谢”。表示“感谢”之意，可以说：

Thanks a lot.       Many thanks.        A thousand thanks.

◎ thanks to是介词词组，后面可以接名词或代词，意为“多亏”；“由于”，在句中作原因状语。

Thanks to the old man, we found the lost child at last.

多亏那个老人，我们最后找到了失踪的孩子。

◎ thanks for用于对别人已做的事表示感谢，后接名词，代词，或v-ing形式。

Thanks for sending me such a nice present.谢谢你寄来这么好的礼品。

A thousand thanks for your help.非常感谢你的帮助。

Exercises

一、汉译英

 1、在城市里观光                        2、放入，插入

 3、收拾好浴巾                          4、关掉

 5、锁上窗户                            6、带狗去散步

 7、导游手册                            8、砍木头

 9清除                                 10、购物

一、单项选择

1.-- Have you packed the beach towels _______?  -- Yes, I have ______ packed them.
A. yet; yet            B. yet; already       C. already; already     D. already; yet

2.Please _____ the door and ______ the radio. The baby is sleeping.
A. close; close     B. turn off; close       C. turn off; turn off     D. close; turn off

3.Jim _____ the army in 2003. He ____ soldier for 3 years..
A. has been; joined    B. joined’ has been   C. joined; joined       D. has been; has been

3.-- I _____ an English-Chinese dictionary.
--When ______ you _______ it?       -- Yesterday afternoon.
A. have bought; did; buy B. buy; do; buy  C. have bought; will; buy D. buy; have; buy

4.-- ________ has he worked for you as a reporter?   -- Since last year.
A. How often             B. How soon          C. How long              D. How many

5.? I’ve never copied others’ homework.   -- _________.
A. Neither I have       B. Neither I do             C. Neither have I      D. Neither do I

6.-- Where is your father?  -- He _______ to Korea. He _____ there twice before.
A. has gone; has gone                         B. has gone; has been
C. has been; has gone                         D. has been; has been

7.Jack Chan _____ to Hollywood a few years ago. Now he ______ a famous movie star.
A. went; is           B. has been; is              C. is; is                D. was; was

8.So far, Li Tong ______ about 100 English Books.
A. read                       B. reads                 C. have read             D. has read

9.Father ______the city of New York three days ago.
A. leave           B. left to           C. left off        D. left for

10.He has not had a night ____for two weeks, but he still feels ____.
A. off, happy       B. away, happily     C. off, happily    D. away, happy

11.It makes him ____.
A. feel angrily      B. feel angry        C. to feel angry   D. feeling angry

12.Someone is knocking at the door. It ____my mother. It's time for her to be back.
A. can be          B. may not be       C. must be       D. mustn't be

13.My postcard is still on the desk. Why ______you ______it ?
A. haven't, posted   B. didn't, post       C. wasn't posting  D. won't, post

14.How long may I ______ the history books?

A. keep           B. lend             C. borrow       D. return

二、句型转换。

1、He has never surfed, _____ ________?（改成反意疑问句） 
2、They have been here since 2000.  (对划线部分提问)
______ __________have they been here?
3、The old man _______ last year. He ____   ____ _______for a year. (die) （用所给词适当形式填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
 This factory ______ ________ ________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.  (同义句转换)
   Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
　 Her  mother _______ the  Party  three  years  ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
  _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.

8．She went to school yesterday. She didn't bring her bag.

She went to school _______ her bag yesterday.

9．The girl doesn't know what he should do when she is alone at home.

The girl doesn't know what _____ ______ when she is alone at home.

10．It's very dark here. We have to stop the work.

It's _________ dark here _________ we have to stop the work.

11．When I came back home, I found the windows were all opened.

When I _______ home, I found all the window __________.

12．Her grandmother has been dead for tow years.

It _____ two years since her grandmother_________.

13．Bike is short for bicycle.

Bike is another way ______ ________ bicycle.

14．The match is so important that we must go to watch it.

It's such an important match, we _________ ______it.

15．The snow was very heavy last night.

It _________ _________ last night.