【题目】 Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to an outlet that is acceptable in the domestic (驯养的) setting.

One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to train its obedience. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.

Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack (群) by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.

Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.

【1】Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _________.

A. occur when they go wild

B. be just part of their nature

C. get worse in modern society

D. become a threat to the community

【2】The key to solving dogs’ behavior problems is to _________.

A. teach the dog to perform clever tricks

B. make the dog aware of its owner’s authority

C. enable the dog to regain its normal behavior

D. provide the dog with a pattern accepted by its owner

【3】Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?

A. To avoid being punished.

B. To show their affection for their masters.

C. To win leadership of the dog pack.

D. To show their willingness to obey.

【4】When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _________.

A. can give the dog more freedom

B. will enjoy a better family life

C. can give the dog more rewards

D. will have more confidence in himself

【题目】Boys’ schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music. Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure of following that tradition, a US study says.

Boys at single-sex schools are said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that help develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they have to follow the “boy code” of hiding their emotions to be a “real man”.

The findings of the study are so against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.

Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warns that boys are being faded by the British education system because it has become too focused on girls. He criticizes teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.

The research argues that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female schoolmates do better earlier in speaking and reading skills. But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys’ learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, writes the study’s author, Abigail James, from the University of Virginia.

Teachers can encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with “boy-focused” approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have sharper vision to learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given “hands-on” lessons where they are allowed to walk around. “Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine (女性的) and prefer what centers on violence and sexism, James writes.

Single-sex education also makes it less likely that boys would feel they have to follow the tradition that men should be “masterful and in charge” in relationships. “In mixed schools boys find themselves pushed to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means,” the study reports.

【1】The author believes that a single-sex school will _________.

A. force boys to hide their emotions to be “real men”

B. help to develop masculine aggressiveness in boys

C. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

D. naturally make boys accept the traditional image of a man

【2】It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _________.

A. perform relatively better

B. grow up more healthily

C. behave more responsibly

D. receive a better education

【3】What does Tony Little say about the British education system?

A. It fails more boys than girls academically.

B. It focuses more on mixed school education.

C. It fails to give boys the attention they need.

D. It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

【4】According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is _________.

A. teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

B. boys can focus on their lessons without being absent-minded

C. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in

D. teaching can be designed to promote boys’ team spirit

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