16．Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships．For example.i——青夏教育精英家教网—

16．Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships．For example，in American culture （文化） the smile is in general an expression of pleasure．Yet it also has other uses．A woman's smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child．A smile may show love or politeness．It can also hide true feelings．It often causes confusion （困惑） across cultures．For example，many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper．Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places （although this is less common in big cities）．Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places； some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough．In Southeast Asian culture，a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings．Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile．
Our faces show emotions （情感），but we should not attempt to"read"people from another culture as we would"read"someone from our own culture．The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions．Rather，there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted．For example，in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do．When with friends，Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly．
It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States．People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others．The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different．If we judge according to our own cultural habits，we may make the mistake of"reading"the other person incorrectly．

27．What does the smile usually mean in the U．S．？C
A．Love．B．Politeness．C．Joy．D．Thankfulness．
28．The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile canB．
A．show friendliness to strangers
B．be used to hide true feelings
C．be used in the wrong places
D．show personal habits
29．What should we do before attempting to"read"people？A
A．Understand their cultural backgrounds．
B．Learn about their relations with others．
C．Find out about their past experience．
D．Figure out what they will do next．
30．What would be the best title for the test？C
A．Cultural Differences
B．Smiles and Relationship
C．Facial Expressiveness
D．Habits and Emotions．

15．My color television has given me nothing but a headache．I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn't fit．I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model．I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid．The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night．Fortunately，I didn't get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed．
Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static（静电） noise．For some reason，when certain shows switched into a commercial，a loud noise would sound for a few seconds．Gradually，this noise began to appear during a show，and to get rid of it，I had to change to another channel and then change it back．Sometimes this technique would not work，and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound．I actually began to build up my arm muscles（肌肉） shaking my set．
When neither of these methods removed the static noise，I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away．At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist，and it stopped working altogether．My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，and the set is working well now，but I keep expecting more trouble．

24．Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set？C
A．He got an older model than he had expected．
B．He couldn't return it when it was broken．
C．He could have bought it at a lower price．
D．He failed to find any movie shows on it．
25．Which of the following can best replace the phrase"signed off"in paragraph 1？A
A．ended all their programs
B．provided fewer channels
C．changed to commercials
D．showed all-night movies
26．How does the author sound when telling the story？D
A．Curious B．Anxious C．Cautious D．Humorous．

14．No trip to Chicago is complete without a visit to the Art Institute，which is the second largest art museum in the nation．
Opening hours：
Mon-Wed & Fri-Sun，10：30am-5pm； Thu，10：30am-8pm； closed on New Year's Day，Thanksgiving，and Christmas Day．
Highlights：
•The Modern Wing contains contemporary masterpieces by Dali，Matisse，Miro，Picasso，Pollock，and Warhol．
•In the Central Hall visitors can view one of the world's finest Impressionist collections，including masterpieces by Monet，Degas，Renoir，Seurat，Gauguin，and Van Gogh．
•Thorne Miniature Rooms offer a detailed view of European homes from the 16thcentury through the 1930s and American homes from the 17th century to 1940．
•The past returns as over 550 works from 4，000 years of art come together in Of Gods and Glamour，located in the beautiful new Mary and Michael Jaharis Galleries of Greek，Roman，and Byzantine Art．
Advice for visitors：
•Free guided tours are available daily at noon．
•Free art-making activities are available for children each weekend from 11am to 2pm．
•Visit the Family Room in the Ryan Education Center，open daily from 10：30am-5pm，and introduce your child to the museum's collections with a variety of hands-on activities．Assemble （组装） puzzles based on masterpieces you'll see in the galleries，build architectural wonders with colorful blocks，and learn about art through stories and games at Curious Corner．
•Check out the Lion's Trial tour for children ages 5-10．This tour is especially designed for the young people in your group!Don't miss it!
Getting there：
You can take the follow buses：1，3，4，6，7，14，26，28，126，143．

21．In the Modern Wing visitors can see works ofB．
A．Van Gogh．B．Picasso C．Monet D．Seurat
22．Where can you go if you want to see European homes in the 17^th？C
A．The Family Room．
B．Of Gods and Glamour．
C．Thorne Miniature Rooms．
D．The Modern Wing．
23．What can children do at Curious Corner？D
A．Hold a birthday party．
B．Join the Lion's Trail tour．
C．Communicate with artists．
D．Play with colorful blocks．

13．In early societies，people relied on a simple system of exchange（交换）．Perhaps a good hunter had more animal skins than he could use．His neighbor，a good fisherman，might have too many fish but needed furs to protect his children from the cold．Both soon realized that their problems could be easily solved by exchanging what they did not need for what they did need．This method of exchange is called barter．The word comes from the Italian barattare and the French barater，which mean"to trade．"
As societies developed，people in ancient times turned to many different things in the search for a good way of exchange，or money．One of the earliest forms of money was cattle （牛）．The richest person was the one who owned the most farm animals，such as cows and sheep．Cattle were called capitale in Latin，and from that Latin word we get the English word"capital，"meaning"wealth．"
But people came to realize that this new method often failed to produce satisfactory results．A cow or a sheep must be fed and cared for．Sometimes they died of disease．Some animals were fat and some were thin．A person who wanted to sell something might believe that it was worth much more than one cow．The buyer might not be willing to give the seller two．Paying a cow and a half was certainly not a good way to solve the problem．
When people began to trade with people who lived far away，again a new way of exchange had to be found．Soon such things as grain （谷物） and salt came into use．They could be weighed exactly．They could be stored and transported easily．Roman soldiers were sometimes paid in salt．And it is from salarium，the Latin word for"salt money，"that our own word"salary （薪水）"comes．We still speak of people as not being worth their salt if they do not do their jobs well．

33．The buyer in Paragraph 3 probably feltB．
A．his cows were healthy and fat
B．using cows as money had disadvantages
C．the price set by the seller was too high
D．he should give the seller sheep instead of cows
34．The performance of someone worth his salt isD．
A．worrying
B．surprising
C．Disappointing
D．satisfying
35．The text probably comes from an article aboutA．
A．the history of money
B．the development of society
C．simple systems of exchange
D．some interesting Latin words．

12．With the development of the economy，loose change （零钱） is often ignored by most of us．We have forgotten how those little，round metal pieces can add up．However，if you were a kid that had to clean the house for extra money，you'll understand how important it is．
When I was a kid，I knew my parents could afford whatever I wanted，but Dad made me work for things that were"wants"．I knew Dad always carried a lot of change in his pockets．He had taught me that enough pennies （便士） would still get me what I wanted in the end．
Dad had his favorite reclining chair （躺椅） in his room where he would go after a long day at work． When he reclined in the chair，the change would fall from his pockets onto the floor under the chair，which was really a good chance for me to collect pennies．I'm sure he realized he had empty pockets when he took his clothes off，but he never said anything and never stopped sitting in the chair．
My kids learned early that change worked just as well as dollars and they also knew their dad saw no value in change．In fact，he saw it as a pain-in-the-neck so instead of asking him for money，they always asked if they could have his change．
Whenever I see a penny on a floor，I always pick it up．They've come in handy over the years，like at the check stand when someone needs a penny to check out，or my children are twelve cents short of their bus fare-little things，but important things．

25．Why is loose change ignored at present according to the author？B
A．Because people find it is of no use．
B．Because people's lives have improved a lot．
C．Because loose change is often noisy．
D．Because loose change isn't easy to carry．
26．Why did the author's father ask her to work for her own"wants"？B
A．To help her earn a lot of money．
B．To tell her that pennies add up．
C．To save enough money for future use．
D．To let her know it was hard to earn money．
27．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that the author's fatherA．
A．taught the author a good lesson
B．didn't care about loose change
C．was really a hard-working person
D．was too tired to look after his child
28．The underlined word"pain-in-the-neck"means that the author's husbandA．
A．paid little attention to change
B．was really rich
C．was very generous
D．had a problem with his neck．

11．When we say someone"blows his own trumpet（小号）"，we mean he talks too much about achievements （61）connected（connect） to himself．That expression usually shows disapproval．（62）Buta girls'school in Britain encourages its students to blow their own trumpet．
Many excellent girls find （63）itdifficult to accept that they have been successful．（64）To raise（raise） these girls'sense of self-worth，the school held the"Blow Your Own Trumpet"week last month．"Some teenagers，particularly girls，focus on what they can't do，never（65）realizing（realize） they have done well enough，"said Heather Hanbury，head of the school．"And this can go into （66）later（late） life，with women not getting to the position in （67）which they might do well，simply because they are less willing to blow their own trumpet．"
During the"Blow Your Own Trumpet"week，students（68）were encouraged（encourage） to talk about their experiences of success and failure．
Ms．Hanbury said she wanted her pupils to be （69）confident（confidence） in the things they're good at and to know they're not good at everything，recognizing their own strengths and （70）weaknesses（weak）．She also wanted girls to understand that talking about their own achievements isn't the same thing as showing off．

10．Every time we get behind the wheel of a car，we put our lives and the lives of others at risk．Self-driving cars are designed to reduce those risks by letting technology control our vehicles．Accident rates for self-driving cars have been much lower than those for human-driven cars．Google's self-driving car has had only 13crashes after traveling 1.8million miles．
As humans，we can make moral （道义上的） choices in avoiding accidents．But what moral choices can self-driving cars make？Researchers at MIT studied this issue．They have developed the Moral Machine website to help explore the choices self-driving cars should make．MIT says the Moral Machine is"a platform for gathering a human perspective （观点）on moral decisions made by machine intelligence such as self-driving cars"．
You can use the Moral Machine to be the judge and help self-driving cars decide what to do in different driving situations，Moral Machine choices can help MIT researchers examine the decisions self-driving cars should make．
The Moral Machine website lets you choose how you would react in a crash．
You are shown two possible traffic situations and you choose between them．In these situations，the brakes（制动器） have failed on the self-driving car．The car will remain driving in the current direction or it will turn．An accident will take place．You choose how many living beings would be hurt or killed，and who those victims should be．
The Moral Machine website has many situations and many possible results．When you click on the situation of your choice，it will be highlighted．Then the next situation is shown．At the end of the session，you are shown the results，based on the choices you made．The results show which character you were most likely to save and which character you were most likely to have die．Results also show how much each factor（因素）means to you，such as age，societal importance or obedience to traffic laws．

32．What is the purpose of making self-driving cars？C
A．To introduce a new technology．
B．To replace human workforce．
C．To reduce safety risks．
D．To offer useful advice．
33．What do we know about the Moral Machine？D
A．It helps humans make better choices．
B．It's a part of Google's self-driving car．
C．It costs a lot and can't be applied worldwide．
D．It aids self-driving cars in decision-making．
34．Which one best concludes the last three paragraphs？B
A．How do we make moral decisions？
B．How does the Moral Machine work？
C．How does your choice make a difference？
D．How do we fully operate the Moral Machine？
35．What does the text mainly talk about？A
A．An introduction to MIT Moral Machine．
B．An account of when to use Moral Machine．
C．A market research on MIT Moral Machine．
D．A discussion about moral decision-making．

9．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改单句翻译，请你修改你同桌写的以下翻译．每句中只有一处错误．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，不能改变句子原有的句型．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（︿），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
材料选自《每天读一点英文》
71．We couldn't understand him，but through his eye we could tell what he meant．
72．He said he often felt left out，then somebody asked if people ever made fun at him．
73．We were scaring because we didn't know if the family would welcome us．
74．Our principle moved to the front of the class and we immediate fell silent，wondering what possibly could have happened．
75．The next winter，a word got around that Old Man Donovan had died．
76．I was very proud of Tommy that I decided to make a home visit to let his parents know what had been going on at school．
77．Tommy came zooming into the room in his stocking feet，taking one look at me and smiled．
78．It seems like I'm the only one of the students at school who continue to be so upset every year．
79．Perhaps it was not until that moment when Tommy recognized the effect his behavior could potentially have on others．
80．Brain explained that he had a tracking problem，and he could see better out of one eye than the other．

8．Is that Folgers coffee in your cup or Maxwell House？Now you no longer have to rely on your nose to tell．Researchers have developed an analyzer that can distinguish between 10commercial brands of coffee and can even tell apart coffee beans roasted at various temperatures for different times．The advance could help growers determine within minutes whether a particular batch of coffee is just as good as the previous one or whether it's undrinkable．
Researchers have been trying for years to come up with a simple way to analyze coffee．But it's no easy task．The challenge is that the aroma（芳香） of roasted coffee beans consists of more than 1000compounds that change with roasting temperatures and time．Traditional methods of chemical analysis generally have difficulty distinguishing between compounds that are very similar to one another．And"electronic noses，"an array of dyes，and other devices that change color or chemical properties when they react with certain molecules suffer from the same drawback．
Over the past decade，chemist Kenneth Suslick and colleagues at the University of Illinois，Urbana-Champaign，have refined the electronic nose approach．In the new study，they used dyes that interact strongly with other chemicals，making them more specific．They then put drops of 36dyes on a polymer film the size of a nickel．The color in the dyes belonged to a range of chemical classes，including pH indicators and molecules that change color with certain chemical vapors．
The device produced a pattern of colors as each coffee's mixture of volatile （易蒸发的）compounds interacted with the dyes．When the investigators pumped vapors from various coffees including Starbucks Sumatra Roast and Folgers Grande Supreme Decaf-over the arrays，all generated unique color patterns，like a molecular"fingerprint，"they report this month in Analytical Chemistry．
The array doesn't give any information about the individual compounds in the smell．"The important thing is that we can easily tell the difference between different roastings and coffees，"notes Suslick．And that should help growers quickly and cheaply analyze problems with coffee，such as burnt flavors，during their initial screening process says food scientist Felix Escher at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich．
The applications for the kind of device created by Suslick's team go beyond coffee，says chemist Pavel Anzenbacher Jr．at Bowling Green State University in Ohio．Similar arrays，he notes，could be used in everything from detecting explosives to spotting contaminants（污染物） in water．

32．The coffee analyzer developed by researchers is most probably intended forB．
A．Consumers
B．Coffee planters
C．Cafeterias
D．Coffee wholesalers
33．What is the disadvantage of the"electronic noses"？A
A．They can't tell similar compounds from each other．
B．They react with certain molecules of the compounds．
C．They change color or properties in chemicals reactions．
D．They can't distinguish all the more than 1000 compounds．
34．The electronic nose approach refined by Kenneth Suslick and colleagues can nowC．
A．Tell the difference between similar compounds
B．Use fewer dyes but produce more distinct colors
C．Distinguish between different brands of coffee
D．Reduce the impacts of chemical reactions on dyes
35．Compared with the former electronic noses，the refined approach is intended to beD．
A．Less time-consuming
B．More economical
C．Less complicated
D．More accurate．

7．While there's never a good age to get cancer，people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated．The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67．Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric （小儿科的） cancer centers，but young adults have a tough time finding peers，often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents．
In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips，writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life．Ms．Carr was 31when she was diagnosed with a rare form of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs．
Ms．Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and grief．She called her parents and stocked up on organic food，determined to become a"full-time healing addict．"Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book，asking if they knew other young women with cancer．The result was her own personal"cancer posse"：a rock concert tour manager，a model，a fashion magazine editor，a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity，to name a few．This club of"cancer babes"offered support，advice and fashion tips，among other things．
Ms．Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary，and she has written a practical guide about how she coped．Cancer isn't funny，but Ms．Carr often is．She swears，she makes up names for the people who treat her （Dr．Fabulous and Dr．Guru），and she even makes second opinions sound fun （"cancer road trips，"she calls them）．
She leaves the medical advice to doctors，instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult．"I refused to let cancer ruin my party，"she writes．"There are just too many cool things to do and plan and live for．"
Ms．Carr still has cancer，but it has stopped progressing．Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed，sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor's"I Will Survive"so loud your neighbors call the police．Ms．Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your life about your illness．"People you tell are going to cautiously and not so cautiously try to see the cancer，so dazzle them instead with your miracle，"she writes．
While her advice may sound superficial，it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants：the chance to live life just as she always did，and maybe better．

28．Which of the following groups is easier to get cancer？B
A．Children．
B．Elderly people．
C．Young adults．
D．People in their 20s and 30s．
29．What does the underlined word mean？A
A．sorrow
B．surprise
C．anger
D．joy
30．All of the following statements are true EXCEPTB
A．Kris Carr is a female writer
B．Kris Carr works in a cancer center
C．Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old
D．Kris Carr is very optimistic
31．From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer thatB
A．She learned to use e-mails after she got cancer．
B．Hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colors．
C．She wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancer．
D．the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patients．

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