题目内容
8.Is that Folgers coffee in your cup or Maxwell House?Now you no longer have to rely on your nose to tell.Researchers have developed an analyzer that can distinguish between 10commercial brands of coffee and can even tell apart coffee beans roasted at various temperatures for different times.The advance could help growers determine within minutes whether a particular batch of coffee is just as good as the previous one or whether it's undrinkable.Researchers have been trying for years to come up with a simple way to analyze coffee.But it's no easy task.The challenge is that the aroma(芳香) of roasted coffee beans consists of more than 1000compounds that change with roasting temperatures and time.Traditional methods of chemical analysis generally have difficulty distinguishing between compounds that are very similar to one another.And"electronic noses,"an array of dyes,and other devices that change color or chemical properties when they react with certain molecules suffer from the same drawback.
Over the past decade,chemist Kenneth Suslick and colleagues at the University of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign,have refined the electronic nose approach.In the new study,they used dyes that interact strongly with other chemicals,making them more specific.They then put drops of 36dyes on a polymer film the size of a nickel.The color in the dyes belonged to a range of chemical classes,including pH indicators and molecules that change color with certain chemical vapors.
The device produced a pattern of colors as each coffee's mixture of volatile (易蒸发的)compounds interacted with the dyes.When the investigators pumped vapors from various coffees including Starbucks Sumatra Roast and Folgers Grande Supreme Decaf-over the arrays,all generated unique color patterns,like a molecular"fingerprint,"they report this month in Analytical Chemistry.
The array doesn't give any information about the individual compounds in the smell."The important thing is that we can easily tell the difference between different roastings and coffees,"notes Suslick.And that should help growers quickly and cheaply analyze problems with coffee,such as burnt flavors,during their initial screening process says food scientist Felix Escher at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich.
The applications for the kind of device created by Suslick's team go beyond coffee,says chemist Pavel Anzenbacher Jr.at Bowling Green State University in Ohio.Similar arrays,he notes,could be used in everything from detecting explosives to spotting contaminants(污染物) in water.
32.The coffee analyzer developed by researchers is most probably intended forB.
A.Consumers
B.Coffee planters
C.Cafeterias
D.Coffee wholesalers
33.What is the disadvantage of the"electronic noses"?A
A.They can't tell similar compounds from each other.
B.They react with certain molecules of the compounds.
C.They change color or properties in chemicals reactions.
D.They can't distinguish all the more than 1000 compounds.
34.The electronic nose approach refined by Kenneth Suslick and colleagues can nowC.
A.Tell the difference between similar compounds
B.Use fewer dyes but produce more distinct colors
C.Distinguish between different brands of coffee
D.Reduce the impacts of chemical reactions on dyes
35.Compared with the former electronic noses,the refined approach is intended to beD.
A.Less time-consuming
B.More economical
C.Less complicated
D.More accurate.
分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读.介绍了研究人员开发的咖啡分析仪能够帮助咖啡种植者分辨咖啡的好坏,但传统的方法不能分辨咖啡中相似的化合物.所以Kenneth Suslick和他的同事们改进了电子鼻,使它可以区分不同品牌的咖啡.而且改进的电子鼻比之前的电子鼻更准确.
解答 32-35 BACD
32.B.推理判断题.根据"The advance could help growers determine within minutes whether a particular batch of coffee is just as good as the previous one or whether it's undrinkable."可知研究人员开发的咖啡分析仪最可能被咖啡种植者使用.故选B.
33.A.细节理解题.根据"Traditional methods of chemical analysis generally have difficulty distinguishing between compounds that are very similar to one another.And"electronic noses,"an array of dyes,and other devices that change color or chemical properties when they react with certain molecules suffer from the same drawback."可知"electronic noses"和传统的方法一样不能分辨相似的化合物.故选A.
34.C.细节理解题.根据"The important thing is that we can easily tell the difference between different roastings and coffees,"notes Suslick."可知Kenneth Suslick和他的同事们改进的电子鼻可以区分不同品牌的咖啡.故选C.
35.D.推理判断题.根据"The device produced a pattern of colors as each coffee's mixture of volatile (易蒸发的)compounds interacted with the dyes."并联系上下文可知改进的电子鼻比之前的电子鼻更准确.故选D.
点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读.此类题目主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.细节理解题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题,所以在做细节理解题时要结合原文和提干有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,再结合选项选出正确答案.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.
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My florist called to (47)Cand said he wanted to send me some flowers to (48)Bthe mistake.Even if I assured him it wasn't his (49)Bin my order,he (50)Ahe wanted to send me flowers.We went back and forth on this and (51)AI realized this was something that would make him feel (52)Dand that I should just say thank you and let him (53)C.
I am always saying allowing ourselves to (54)C.It took me a while here to (55)Bwhat I said!
Having learnt the story,my friend overseas said perhaps the universe felt I needed the (56)Amore.She made me smile.
Immediately after writing this passage,I received a(n) (57)Dfrom this friend,telling me she had just received my flowers!In fact,our emails (58)D,because I had sent her a copy of my passage at the same time she sent me her email!
When I called my florist,he told me he would not charge me for the flowers because he was sorry for the (59)CI had with my order!
Looks like the universe wanted (60)Bof us to have flowers!
41.A.gifted | B.sold | C.donated | D.showed |
42.A.relative | B.friend | C.teacher | D.colleague |
43.A.impossible | B.unfair | C.unknown | D.obvious |
44.A.appointments | B.agreements | C.challenges | D.contacts |
45.A.expectation | B.suggestion | C.discussion | D.results |
46.A.order | B.journey | C.invitation | D.request |
47.A.congratulate | B.greet | C.apologize | D.complain |
48.A.get rid of | B.make up for | C.put up with | D.take advantage of |
49.A.excuse | B.fault | C.responsibility | D.business |
50.A.insisted | B.predicted | C.realized | D.pretended |
51.A.finally | B.naturally | C.immediately | D.gradually |
52.A.worse | B.poorer | C.busier | D.better |
53.A.leave | B.go | C.give | D.fail |
54.A.present | B.share | C.receive | D.collect |
55.A.reply to | B.practice | C.correct | D.take back |
56.A.flowers | B.friendship | C.money | D.appreciations |
57.A.gift | B.warning | C.letter | D.email |
58.A.were lost | B.sank | C.were refused | D.crossed |
59.A.satisfaction | B.convenience | C.trouble | D.sorrow |
60.A.either | B.both | C.all | D.none |
"Should I go to help her?"I thought. I was worried about my own(39)B,and I regretted having suddenly decided to take a new way home that night."(40)D I'm hurt too?Shouldn't I just (41)C to the nearest phone and call the police?"But already the girl's(42)A were growing weaker.I knew it was time for me to act fast because I could not(43)B the life of this unknown girl,(44)A it meant risking my own life.
I am not a(45)D man.I didn't know where I found the(46)A and physical strength(体力),but once I had finally(47)D to help the girl,I suddenly changed.I ran to them and (48)C the attacker off the girl.Struggling,we fell to the ground,where we fought for a few minutes(49)D the man jumped up and escaped.
(50)Cheavily,I stood up and came up to the girl,who was crying behind a tree.In the(51)C,I could not see her clearly,(52)AI could certainly feel her shock.Not wanting to frighten her any further,I at first spoke to her from a distance.
"It's OK,"I said(53)B."The man ran away.You're(54)A now."There was a long stop and then I heard the words,said in(55)D."Dad,is that you?"And then,from behind the tree,stepped my youngest daughter,Katherine.
36.A.Excited | B.Frightened | C.Interested | D.Disappointed |
37.A.knew | B.understood | C.realized | D.imagined |
38.A.attacked | B.beaten | C.robbed | D.caught |
39.A.money | B.safety | C.future | D.family |
40.A.What for | B.So what | C.What about | D.What if |
41.A.move | B.walk | C.run | D.go |
42.A.cries | B.noises | C.cheers | D.sounds |
43.A.save | B.ignore | C.change | D.decide |
44.A.although | B.because | C.as | D.but |
45.A.kind | B.powerful | C.mean | D.brave |
46.A.courage | B.belief | C.attitude | D.hope |
47.A.agreed | B.planned | C.promised | D.decided |
48.A.took | B.dropped | C.pulled | D.got |
49.A.unless | B.after | C.since | D.until |
50.A.Walking | B.Drinking | C.Breathing | D.Fighting |
51.A.daylight | B.afternoon | C.darkness | D.dawn |
52.A.but | B.so | C.or | D.for |
53.A.angrily | B.softly | C.loudly | D.happily |
54.A.safe | B.right | C.lively | D.great |
55.A.shame | B.peace | C.pain | D.surprise |