16．If you're a male and you're reading this.congratulations!You're a survivor．According to statistic——青夏教育精英家教网—

16．If you're a male and you're reading this，congratulations!You're a survivor．According to statistics，you're more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman，and nine times more likely to die of AIDS．Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term，about 78years for men in Australia，you'11die on average five years before a woman．
There're many reasons for this-typically，men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly，men don't go to the doctor．
"Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should，"says Dr．Gullotta．"This is particularly so for the over-40s，when diseases tend to strike．According to a recent survey，95% of women aged between 15and early 40s see a doctor once a year，compared to 70% of men in the same age group．
A lot of men think they're unbeatable，"Gullotta says．"They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think，Geez，if it could happen to him…"
Then there's the ostrich （鸵鸟）approach．"Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know，"says Dr．Ross Cartmill．
"Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies，"Cartmill says．He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups．
"Prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases．Besides，the final cost is far greater，it's called premature death．"

56．Why does the author congratulate male readers at the beginning of the passage？A
A．They have lived long enough to read this article．
B．They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life．
C．They can live longer than they expected．
D．They are more likely to survive serious diseases now．
57．Which of the author's statements is the most important reason that men die five years earlier on average than women according to the passage？C
A．Men drink and smoke much more than women．
B．Men are more likely to suffer from deadly diseases．
C．Men don't seek medical care as often as women．
D．Men aren't as cautious as women in face of danger．
58．Which of the following best completes the underlined sentence"Geez，if it could happen to him…"（in Para 4）？D
A．I should consider myself lucky． B．it would be a big misfortune．
C．I should avoid playing golf． D．it could happen to me，too．
59．What does Dr．Ross Cartmill mean by the ostrich approach （in Para 5）？B
A．A casual attitude towards one s health conditions．
B．Unwillingness to find out about one's disease because of fear．
C．Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved．
D．A new treatment for certain psychological problems．

15．Since the beginning of the year，smog has covered parts of North China．In January，Beijing saw only five days without smog．The rising PM 2.5readings terrified many people，and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious，hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory（呼吸系统）and heart diseases．
Later，news of polluted underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe．
So the need to emphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere．
Smog especially is a common concern．Like a popular online post said，air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone，despite your income or vocation．People with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices，but they breathe the same air as everyone else．
At a meeting on Monday，many Representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality，too．One talked about his experience in Beijing．"After taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel，which took about an hour，I washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black．We should ask ourselves this question：Why do we want to develop？It's for living a better life．Dirty air is definitely not a better life，"he said．
China needs to develop its economy and invest（投资） in high-tech．Every Chinese wants a strong country．But without blue sky，clean water and safe food，the achievements in the economy will become meaningless．Space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on Mars so that one day all human beings can migrate to the red planet because  they have destroyed Earth．
What the public wants is a strong and beautiful China．Former president Hu Jintao spoke at the 18th Party Congress last November saying that great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful China．The words have shown the central government's resolution to address the environment issue．

36．The effect of smog doesn't include．C
A．the rising of PM 2.5readings
B．more people suffering diseases
C．the increase of people's income
D．patients increased in hospital
37．Why smog has become a common concern？B
A．Because people have to pay higher prices．
B．Because nobody can avoid it．
C．Because we have to develop industry．
D．Because a popular online-post discussed it．
38．The underlined word"they"in paragraph 6refers to．A
A．human beings        B．other plants
C．space technologies   D．industrial development
39．From the last two paragraphs we can infer that．D
A．high-tech can completely solve the problem of pollution
B．space technologies should be developed in a large scale
C．we can move to the Mars after the earth has been destroyed
D．we must protect the environment while developing economy．

14．LOS ANGELES （Reuters）---Onions make you cry，add flavor to food and are talked about a lot for their medicinal benefits．Now the vegetable has another use---powering up green energy．
A new system debuts on Friday that changes onion juice into electricity at Gills Onions，the largest fresh onion processor （加工机） in the United States．
The Oxnard，California-based company expects its new onion-fueled power to reduce its electric bill by﹩700，000 a year and cut its annual greenhouse gas releasing by up to 30，000 tons．The happy ending to this green energy tale，however，generated another question：how to get rid of onion waste．"When we peel an onion，35 to 40 percent of the onion comes off before we have a usable onion．That's the top，tail and skins around the onion before you get to the meat，"said Steven Gill，co-owner of the 25-year-old company．
They used to take the waste to the fields for composting （堆肥） but that became a problem as it cost too much．Ten years ago，Gill started looking at technology for a solution．"We ended up destroying the skins as they c ome out of the plant and extracting all the juice，which is very high in sugars，and bacteria love it，"Gill said．
In the new system，bacteria produce methane gas（沼气） from the juice．The gas then goes to two 300 kilowatt fuel cells，creating enough power for 460 homes．The company expects to get 35 to 40 percent of its electricity from this new system．
The company invested﹩9.5 million in the project and will receive﹩2.7 million from Southern California Gas Co．，a regulated subsidiary of Sempra Energy，as part of a state program to encourage self-contained generation by businesses．In addition to cutting its electric bill，the company will save﹩400，000 in costs of taking the waste to the fields and expects pay-back in six years．
The onion grower now has a new goal：to be a zero-waste facility by 2013．
"We wanted to follow it all the way through and make the full circle，"Gill said．

41．What would be the best title for this passage？D
A．Onions are made use of in America now
B．US company finds a new way to reduce costs
C．Onions are widely used to produce electricity now
D．US company turns onion juice into electricity
42．According to the passage，we can learn that in the pastB．
A．onion waste was a problem for most people
B．a big part of an onion was wasted
C．onions were mainly used as medicine
D．onions were not liked by most people
43．In the new system，onions can be used to produce electricity mainly becauseD．
A．the skins of onions can be destroyed easily
B．the onion waste is taken to the fields
C．a lot of bacteria are put into onions
D．bacteria can produce methane gas from onion juice
44．It is implied in the passage thatD．
A．every family can use onions to produce electricity
B．this new technology is not well received by some people
C．onions have played the most important role in producing power
D．using onions to produce electricity will help reduce pollution
45．In which part of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage？A
A．Science B．Education C．Health D．Agriculture．

13．Judging from recent surveys，most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病） of sleepiness in the nation．"I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to，"says Dr David．Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest．
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century age．From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries，sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5hours a night．"The best sleep habits once were forced on us，when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm，and it was dark．"By the 1950s and 1960s，the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically，to between 7.5and 8hours，and most people had to wake to an alarm clock．"People cheat in their sleep，and they don't even realize they're doing it，"says Dr David．"They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5hours，when they really need 7.5，8or even more to feel ideally energetic．"
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep，researchers say，is the complexity of the day．Whenever pressures from work，family，friends and community increase，many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programme．"In our society，you're considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5hours'sleep．If you've got to get 8.5hours，people think you lack drive and ambition．"
To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit，researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them，for instance，to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier．"We've found that if you're in sleep-deficit，performance suffers，"says Dr David．"Short-term memory is weakened，as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate．"

36．What is the main topic of the passage？A
A．Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-deficit．
B．The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times．
C．The history of people's sleeping patterns．
D．The minimum of our sleeping hours．
37．Which of the following is Di David's opinion？D
A．People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don't．
B．Some people can remain energetic with only 6.5hours'sleep a night．
C．If they get 8.5hours'sleep，people will be full of drive and ambition．
D．People's mental power suffers if they are lacking in sleep．
38．People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9.5hours a night becauseC．
A．they were forced by their parents to do so
B．they knew what was best for their health
C．they had no electricity
D．they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are
39．The major cause of sleep-deficit of modern people isB．
A．the endless TV programmes in the evenings and the Internet
B．the pressures of the day
C． the sufficient energy modern people usually have
D．loud noises in modern cities
40．What does the word"subjects"in the last paragraph mean？C
A．Persons or things being discussed or described．
B．Branched of knowledge studied in a school．
C．Persons or things being treated in a certain way or being experimented on．
D．Any member of a state apart from the supreme ruler．

12．Poverty is not first thing that comes to mind when you think of Japan．After all，there are no children begging on the streets in major cities here．You do not often see Japanese citizens publicly letting out their complaints over the country's economic decline．But senior government researcher Aya Abe says Japan has the fourth highest rate of child poverty among developed countries．
She says she sees that poverty in schools where students admit to only bathing once a week．Some cannot afford to buy pencils for class．
"They may not be on the streets begging or they may not be turning into criminals，but it's there．It's just that we have to open our eyes and see，"Abe said．
Abe owes the increase in child poverty to the country's changing demographics（人口统计），struggling economy and high social security premiums（保险费）．She says fewer people live in three-generation households，where the parents and grandparents work．The number of single mothers has increased．The salary for young fathers has declined with the economic downturn．Social security premiums have increased in the last 20years，putting families on the edge of poverty．
Abe says studies conducted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development （OECD ） point to rising poverty in Japan before the global economic crises in 2008．But the Japanese government and the public refused to acknowledge it until then partly because of the shame associated with poverty．
"It was very unpopular for Japanese media to say anything about Japanese poverty，"said Abe．"Even though OECD Japan announced it in Japanese，Japanese media didn't make it into the articles．"
Abe says new Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama has taken one important step to help alleviate （缓解） the problem．Next year，his Democratic Party of Japan plans to double monthly child care allowances given to families．
But Abe wants the government to expand its financial help even more．She wants it to simplify the process to apply for public assistance and provide educational grants for students struggling to pay for tuition at high schools and colleges．The country now only offers loans．
Abe also says the government must act quickly because she says the problem will only get worse in the next few years．

36．The passage is intended toB．
A．report the result of the studies conducted by OECD
B．tell us about the increase in Japanese child poverty
C．prove that Japan is no longer a developed country
D．introduce Aya Abe，a senior government researcher
37．It seems to be hard to associate Japan with poverty becauseA．
A．no children are seen begging in the streets of main cities in Japan
B．its citizens never complain about the country's economic decline
C．it is one of the few wealthiest countries in the world
D．its government and public refused to acknowledge it
38．According to Abe，several things contribute to the rising child poverty exceptD．
A．high social security premiums
B．the increase of the number of single mothers
C．the decrease of the salary for young fathers
D．the expansion of three-generation households
39．Why was it unpopular for Japanese media to say anything about Japanese poverty？C
A．The Japanese public didn't think it true．
B．It was forbidden by the Japanese government．
C．The Japanese public regarded it shameful to be poor．
D．OECD Japan had already announced it in Japanese．
40．Which of the following is NOT the author's suggestion for alleviating this problem？A
A．Doubling monthly child care allowances given to families．
B．Expanding government's financial help even more．
C．Providing educational grants for poor students．
D．Simplifying the process to apply for public assistance．

11．

Paul，the oracle octopus （神算章鱼），was given a replica （复制品） of the World Cup as a reward for his perfect eight-for-eight record in predicting the results of matches．
The two-year-old octopus with possible supernatural powers turned into a worldwide celebrity for accurately predicting the German team's five World Cup wins as well as their two defeats．Paul also  tipped Spain to beat Netherlands in the final．
"We have had a lot of offers for Paul but he will definitely be staying with us and returning to his usual job-making children smile，"Sea Life spokeswoman Tanja Munzig in Oberhausen said after presenting Paul with the World Cup replica．
There's no rational（合理的）reasons why Paul always got it right．Bettors around the world made small fortunes based on Paul's guess，said Graham Sharpe，media relations director at William Hill in London．"I've seen a lot of things in my lifetime but this is the first time I've ever seen people making their picks based on what an octopus tells them．We had people coming in saying they didn't know how to place a bet but heard about this German octopus and wanted to bet with him．It's funny．But he kept getting it right．"said Sharpe．
Sharpe said that anyone who had placed a 10-pound accumulator bet（累计下注）on Paul's prediction from the start of the World Cup would have won 3，000pounds（﹩4，500）by the end of the tournament．
Paul's home at Sea Life aquarium（水族馆）in Oberhausen has been crowded with visitors and media from across Europe．Many networks broadcast his predicting live．Many networks broadcast his picks live．Hundreds were on hand to watch the World Cup replica lowered into his tank on Monday，12July，2010．

61．Paul was rewarded a replica of the Word Cup because heB．
A．will celebrate his birthday soon
B．predicted the results of matches accurately
C．helped beat Netherlands in the final
D．helped many fans earn much money
62．If a fan had placed a 200-pound accumulator bet on Paul's prediction during the tournament，he would have wonC．
A．﹩30，000          B．﹩45，000           C．﹩60，000            D．﹩90，000
63．The underlined word"tipped"in the 2nd paragraph probably meansC．
A．ordered            B．announced           C．predicted           D．helped
64．From what Sharpe said we can learn thatA．
A．it's amazing for Paul to make more exact prediction than people
B．octopus like Paul may all have the ability to predict exactly
C．it's common for people to believe in sea life for prediction
D．we'd better not bet with animals when we have trouble making our picks
65．We can learn from this passage thatA．
A．Paul used to be children's favourite sea life
B．it's useless to bet with the oracle octopus
C．Paul was born with the ability to predict World Cup results
D．Germany will never be beaten if Paul stays with them．

10．The word"conservation"has a thrifty meaning．To conserve is to save and protect，to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such a good condition that others may also share the enjoyment．Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials：most of them，even until very recently，had the foolish idea that the treasures were"limitless"and could"last forever"．Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature，and which means that，as in a living body，an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others．
Fifty years ago，nature study was not part of the school work； scientific forestry was a new idea； wood was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands； soil destruction and river floods were not national problems； nobody had yet studied long-term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use； even the word"conservation"had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today．
For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us，we must now set about correcting the mistakes of our forefathers．Conservation should be made part of everybody's daily life．To know about the water table in ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic math formulas．We need to know why all watersheds （上游集水区） need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to give their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea．We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them．We need to know the importance of big，grown trees，because living space for most of man's fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic （立方体的） volume above the earth．In a word，it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can．

63．The author's attitude towards the use of natural resources isD．
A．positive B．uninterested C．optimistic D．critical
64．According to the author，the greatest mistake of our forefathers was thatB．
A．they had no idea about scientific forestry
B．they had little or no sense of environmental protection
C．they were not aware of the importance of nature study
D．they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials
65．To avoid repeating the mistakes of our forefathers，the author suggests thatC．
A．we plant more trees
B．natural sciences be taught to everybody
C．environmental education be directed toward everyone
D．we return to nature
66．How can you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？D
A．Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller．
B．Our living space should be measured in cubic volume．
C．We need to take some measures to protect space．
D．We must preserve good living conditions for both birds and animals．

9．Going soy is the way to go green
In 1829，U．S．farmers grew soybeans （大豆） for the first time．In the late 1800s，lots of farmers began to grow soybeans as food for cattle．In 1904，at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama，George Washington Carver began studying the soybean．His discoveries changed the way people thought about the soybean．No longer was it just a crop for cattle； it provided valuable protein and oil．Now soybean oil is the most popular source for an alternative fuel．
Fueling diesel （柴油） engines with vegetable oil started with the inventor Rudolf Diesel．When Diesel showed his engine at the 1900World Exhibition in Paris，it was running only on peanut oil，a kind of biodiesel．According to the United Soybean Board，biodiesel is a fuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats．
However，over the next 100years，diesel fuel was made largely from petroleum （石油）．Interest was renewed in biodiesel in the mid-1970s when the energy shortage occurred，and gas prices surged upward throughout the United States．In spite of these conditions，commercial production did not take place until much later．In 1999，The National Biodiesel Board reported that 500，000gallons per day were produced．In 2000，production increased to 6.7million gallons per day．
With the continual rising costs of petroleum products in the new century，major corporations and the United States government have looked to new markets．Farmers are encouraged to grow soybeans in their fields，as the demand for soybean fuel increases．They can now get several gallons of fuel per acre of soybean．
Biodiesel is created by removing a thick liquid called glycerin from soybean oil．It is registered with the US Environmental Protection Agency as a pure fuel，which is known as B100，or as a fuel additive，which is called B20，a mixture of 20percent soy and 80percent petroleum-based diesel．
There are many benefits of soybean fuel．
Studies have shown that biodiesel from vegetable oil reduces petroleum consumption when used in place of petroleum diesel．
In addition，the use of biodiesel reduces CO2in the earth's atmosphere．This is due to the fact that growing soybeans consumes nearly four times as much CO2as the amount of CO2produced from biodiesel waste gases．
If you ever want to take a ride in a car or bus powered by soybeans，you can．The Agriculture Research Center （ARS ） National Visitor Center bus，which is used for Beltsville，Maryland farm tours，is running on biodiesel fuel．
ARS scientists are conducting biodiesel fuel research，and they are trying to find ways to make fuel from vegetable oils，animal fats，and used restaurant oils．
Biodiesel fuel costs more than regular diesel fuel．However，the price may drop if people use it more．We can look to the future with the hope that clean fuel sources will continue to be widespread in the United States and even around the world．

8．A study now lends support to the idea that meal-time distractions （分散注意） can mask the clues that we really have eaten quite enough．Moreover，it finds，the caloric fallout of not paying attention to what we're eating doesn't necessarily end when a meal is over．
Rose Cooper from England，and her colleagues gathered 22men and an equal number of women for an experiment．Each person dined alone，continuously receiving nine small shares of food items．These ranged from cheese twists and potato chips to carrots，cherry tomatoes and sandwiches or sausage rolls．
Because the goal was to test the potential impacts of distraction on fullness，the researchers randomly assigned half of the participants to eat in front of a computer-and to gain as many wins as possible at the"card"game．Everyone else was told to focus on the sensory qualities of their meal．
According to their instructions，the participants ate all of the food given to them．Yet people who played a computer game during lunch found their meal less filling than the mindful eaters had．Game players also swallow down twice as many cookies，almost an hour later，when they were allowed all the dessert they wanted （in the name of a taste test）．The British scientists present their findings in the February American Journal of Clinical Nutrition．
The real question is why distracted eating should impact snacking．It appears，the scientists say，that memory plays some tricky role in how we register what we eat and the degree to which it satisfies．
Interestingly，eight years ago，Britta Barkeling of Huddinge University in Stockholm and her colleagues reported somewhat related findings．Their 18overweight subjects had no choice other than to get rid of everything but lunch，on one day-because they were blindfolded．Compared to a day when they could view what they were dining on，these people consumed only three quarters as many calories．Yet even hours afterward，they reported being no less full than on the day they had been able to see their plates．
Of course dining in the dark isn't practical．And sometimes what we eat doesn't really invite our absolute attention．But there is certainly a growing mountain of data indicating that mindless eating is a waste of resources，a risk to our waistlines-and a costly threat to health．

63．Rose Cooper and her colleagues did the experiment in order toC．
A．show that all the people enjoy snacks
B．prove that playing computer games is harmful while dining
C．find possible effects of distraction on fullness
D．test the impacts of eating snacks on different people
64．Which is the most effective way to concentrate on your food when dining？B
A．Viewing your food．      B．Blindfolding your eyes．
C．Playing computer games． D．Eating by oneself．
65．The reason why distracted eating influences snacking may be thatB．
A．you eat less in that case           B．you are cheated by your memory
C．you have consumed more calories     D．you digest what you've eaten faster
66．We can conclude from the passage thatA．
A．distracted eating may damage your health
B．eating snacks will make you feel full
C．Britta became famous because of the experiment
D．playing is more important than what we eat．

7．"People should have one meat-free day a week if they want to make a personal and effective sacrifice that would help deal with climate change，"the world's leading authority on global warming has told The Observer．
Dr Rajendra Pachauri，chair of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change，said that people should then go on to reduce their meat consumption even further．
Pachauri，who was re-elected the panel's chairman for a second six-year term last week，said diet change was important because of the huge greenhouse gas emissions （排放） and other environmental problems associated with raising cattle and other animals．"It was relatively easy to change eating habits compared to changing means of transport，"he said．
The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that meat production accounts for nearly a fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions．These are produced during the production．For example，ruminants （反刍动物），particularly cows，give off a gas called methane，which is 23times more effective as a global warming agent than CO2．
Pachauri can expect some opposite responses from the food industry to his advice，though last night he was given unexpected support by Masterchef presenter and restaurateur John Torode．"I have a little bit and enjoy it，"said Torode．"Too much for any person is bad．But there's a bigger issue here：where the meat comes from．If we all bought British and stopped buying imported food，we'd save a huge amount of carbon emissions．"
Professor Robert Watson，the chief scientific adviser for the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs，said government could help educate people about the benefits of eating less meat，but it should not regulate．"Eating less meat would help，there's no question about that，"Watson said．
However，Chris Lamb，head of marketing for pig industry group BPEX，said the meat industry had been unfairly targeted and was working hard to find out which activities had the biggest environmental impact and reduce them．"Some ideas were contradictory，"he said．"For example，one solution to emissions from cattle and other animals was to keep them indoors，but this would damage animal welfare．Climate change is a very young science and our view is there are a lot of simple solutions being proposed．"

56．What is directly related to global warming？C
A．Consumption of meat．    B．Growth of cattle．
C．Methane from ruminants． D．Processing of meat．
57．Who holds a view opposite to the others'in the passage？D
A．Rajendra Pachauri． B．John Torode． C．Robert Watson． D．Chris Lamb．
58．It is implied in the passage thatD．
A．we should try to keep away from cattle   B．ruminants should not be left outdoors
C．the meat industry will soon close down   D．we must do our duty to save the earth
59．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage？A
A．Less meat，slower global warming
B．More animals，more greenhouse gas
C．Less imported food，better our environment
D．Greater diet change，smaller climate change．

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