题目内容

13.Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic(流行病) of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century age.From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5and 8hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat in their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5hours,when they really need 7.5,8or even more to feel ideally energetic."
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community increase,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programme."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5hours'sleep.If you've got to get 8.5hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep-deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."

36.What is the main topic of the passage?A
A.Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-deficit.
B.The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times.
C.The history of people's sleeping patterns.
D.The minimum of our sleeping hours.
37.Which of the following is Di David's opinion?D
A.People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don't.
B.Some people can remain energetic with only 6.5hours'sleep a night.
C.If they get 8.5hours'sleep,people will be full of drive and ambition.
D.People's mental power suffers if they are lacking in sleep.
38.People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9.5hours a night becauseC.
A.they were forced by their parents to do so
B.they knew what was best for their health
C.they had no electricity
D.they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are
39.The major cause of sleep-deficit of modern people isB.
A.the endless TV programmes in the evenings and the Internet
B.the pressures of the day
C. the sufficient energy modern people usually have
D.loud noises in modern cities
40.What does the word"subjects"in the last paragraph mean?C
A.Persons or things being discussed or described.
B.Branched of knowledge studied in a school.
C.Persons or things being treated in a certain way or being experimented on.
D.Any member of a state apart from the supreme ruler.

分析 本文主要讲了研究员对睡眠不足对人类的影响做试验研究.自从电的发明之后,人们的睡眠就开始减少,睡眠不足会削弱短期记忆.

解答 36-40  ADCBC
36题答案是A.考查文章大意.根据To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit,可知文章大意是确定睡眠不足的后果.故选A.
37题答案是D.细节理解题.根据We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.",可知如果睡眠不足,个人表现就会受影响,短期记忆被削弱.故选D.
38题答案是C.细节理解题.根据"The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark.",可知傍晚从农场回来,因为天黑无事可做,只能睡觉,可知是因为没有电.故选C.
39题答案是B.细节考查题.根据Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researches say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community increase,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programs,可知白天生活的复杂性剥夺了睡眠.工作压力,朋友,家人,社交圈子都在增加,使得睡眠成为日程里最廉价的东西.故选B.
40题答案是C.推理判断题.根据through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,可知subjects是指以某种方式被做实验的人或者物.故选C.

点评 本文报道了研究员对睡眠不足对人类的影响做试验研究.题目涉及多道细节理解题,做题时需要结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案;推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理地分析才能得出正确答案,切记胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据.

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4.The increasing environmental problems and need for eco-friendly products and services are creating a new job section of green-collar jobs.(36)E   It is expected that by 2025about 25% of the jobs in developed countries will be of green-collar jobs.Doesn't the data look promising for the future?
(37)D   And jobs will pop up at every income level,from environmental manager to gardener.For example,many countries including the United States have understood that fossil fuels have negative effect on the environment which can later become a serious danger to mankind.(38)F   The increasing demand of newer resources has created the need for experts and researchers who can find better ways to deal with the ongoing needs.In addition,in order to meet the increasing demands of environment-friendly equipment,both green product designer and educated and trained workers are needed.Management of environmental organizations also demands a large number of environmental managers.
(39)C   Internet is undoubtedly the best way to find information on almost any matter.Nowadays,different kinds of jobs are being posted online.Search through a couple of job websites to look for a bright future in energy conversion and recycling of waste management.Check regularly and find the right work for yourself.(40)A

A.People who read newspapers can also find different kinds of green-collar jobs.
B.People who take green careers will be well paid.
C.Where can you find green-collar jobs?
D.Green-collar jobs have become a bright career chances for all.
E.Many countries of the world have realized the importance and need for energy-saving products and services.
F.As a result,possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to satisfy demands in a better way.
G.Forget the blue-collar and white-collar categories.
1.A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods:change their memories.Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities and food experiences."One week later,"Loftus says,"we told those people we'd fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences."Some accounts included one key additional detail:"You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream."The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促生的) memory through leading questions"Who were you with?How did you feel?"By the end of the study,up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick,and many said they'd avoid eating it.
When Loftus published her findings,she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries.Unfortunately,it's not that easy.False memories appear to work only for foods you don't eat on a regular basis.But most important,it is likely that false memories can be implanted (灌输) only in people who are unaware of the mental control.And lying to a patient is immoral,even if a doctor believes it's for the patient's benefit.
Loftus says there's nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children,"I say,wake up.Parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years,and nobody seems to mind.If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that,you might think that's a more moral lie.Decide that for yourself."

76.Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?C
A.To improve her computer program.
B.To find out their attitudes towards food.
C.To find out details she can make use of.
D.To predict what food they'll like in the future.
77.What did Loftus find out from her research?B
A.People believe what the computer tells them.
B.People can be led to believe in something false.
C.People tend to forget their childhood experiences.
D.People are not always aware of their personalities.
78.According to the study,people may stop having a certain food if theyD.
A.learn it is harmful for health
B.lie to themselves that they don't want it
C.are willing to let doctors control their minds
D.think they once had a bad experience of eating it
79.What is the biggest concern with the method?A
A.Whether it is moral.  B.Who it is best for.
C.When it is effective. D.How it should be used.
8.A study now lends support to the idea that meal-time distractions (分散注意) can mask the clues that we really have eaten quite enough.Moreover,it finds,the caloric fallout of not paying attention to what we're eating doesn't necessarily end when a meal is over.
Rose Cooper from England,and her colleagues gathered 22men and an equal number of women for an experiment.Each person dined alone,continuously receiving nine small shares of food items.These ranged from cheese twists and potato chips to carrots,cherry tomatoes and sandwiches or sausage rolls.
Because the goal was to test the potential impacts of distraction on fullness,the researchers randomly assigned half of the participants to eat in front of a computer-and to gain as many wins as possible at the"card"game.Everyone else was told to focus on the sensory qualities of their meal.
According to their instructions,the participants ate all of the food given to them.Yet people who played a computer game during lunch found their meal less filling than the mindful eaters had.Game players also swallow down twice as many cookies,almost an hour later,when they were allowed all the dessert they wanted (in the name of a taste test).The British scientists present their findings in the February American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
The real question is why distracted eating should impact snacking.It appears,the scientists say,that memory plays some tricky role in how we register what we eat and the degree to which it satisfies.
Interestingly,eight years ago,Britta Barkeling of Huddinge University in Stockholm and her colleagues reported somewhat related findings.Their 18overweight subjects had no choice other than to get rid of everything but lunch,on one day-because they were blindfolded.Compared to a day when they could view what they were dining on,these people consumed only three quarters as many calories.Yet even hours afterward,they reported being no less full than on the day they had been able to see their plates.
Of course dining in the dark isn't practical.And sometimes what we eat doesn't really invite our absolute attention.But there is certainly a growing mountain of data indicating that mindless eating is a waste of resources,a risk to our waistlines-and a costly threat to health.

63.Rose Cooper and her colleagues did the experiment in order toC.
A.show that all the people enjoy snacks
B.prove that playing computer games is harmful while dining
C.find possible effects of distraction on fullness
D.test the impacts of eating snacks on different people
64.Which is the most effective way to concentrate on your food when dining?B
A.Viewing your food.      B.Blindfolding your eyes.
C.Playing computer games. D.Eating by oneself.
65.The reason why distracted eating influences snacking may be thatB.
A.you eat less in that case           B.you are cheated by your memory
C.you have consumed more calories     D.you digest what you've eaten faster
66.We can conclude from the passage thatA.
A.distracted eating may damage your health
B.eating snacks will make you feel full
C.Britta became famous because of the experiment
D.playing is more important than what we eat.
18.My parents lived on a small farm they had owned since I was seven.I (36)B to go there every weekend.There was nothing for a (37)A to do but watch the one station on the old TV set,if the weather (38)Dreception.
My Mom,however,loved the(39)Cand quiet of the land and the work in the (40)A among her flowers and vegetables.The stove in the kitchen did its best to(41)Bthe little farmhouse,(42)Cit always seemed cold and too quiet to me.In the evenings,my mom and I (43)D sit for hours singing.I sang the tune and Mom harmonized(和着唱).Her (44)A song was"Moon River"and we sang it(45)B.Mom told me stories about (46)Dwhen I was a little girl,I could (47)Cbefore I could talk.She loved to tell how my playpen(婴儿圈栏)(48)Ain the kitchen next to the radio and there was one song I (49)B loved called"Ivory Tower".
As time(50)D,I had my own children and they loved the farm and the truck rides with my dad.Me,well,I(51)C hated the silence of the farm.While my Mom loved sitting at her kitchen table and looking out(52)B her garden and flowers,I(53)Dthe hustle (忙碌)and bustle(喧闹)of my life at home.
Now,the silence was deafening so I turned on an old radio.Music always (54)Ame.Then the radio(55)Cof this old-song station came on."Here's one we haven't heard in a while".I began to cry as I heard the words sung over the airwaves."Come down,come down from your Ivory Tower…"

36.A.likedB.hatedC.refusedD.planned
37.A.girlB.boyC.studentD.neighbour
38.A.admittedB.arrangedC.broadcastD.allowed
39.A.noiseB.joyC.peaceD.competition
40.A.gardenB.kitchenC.bedroomD.grocery
41.A.decorateB.heatC.defendD.benefit
42.A.soB.althoughC.butD.and
43.A.couldB.shouldC.mightD.would
44.A.favoriteB.traditionalC.hopefulD.challenging
45.A.by and byB.over and overC.step by stepD.now and then
46.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.how
47.A.writeB.readC.singD.dance
48.A.satB.playedC.functionedD.stuck
49.A.equallyB.particularlyC.blindlyD.frequently
50.A.arrivedB.changedC.permittedD.passed
51.A.evenB.everC.stillD.just
52.A.forB.atC.throughD.of
53.A.forgotB.realizedC.comparedD.missed
54.A.comfortedB.disturbedC.impressedD.served
55.A.conductorB.engineerC.announcerD.employer
5.A special education teacher and former police officer was honored by President Barack Obama at the White House as the 2009 National Teacher of the Year for his innovative(创新的) approach,community focus,and teamwork with other teachers."In a global economy where the greatest job qualification isn't what you can do,but what you know,our teachers are the key to our nation's success,"President Obama stated.
    Mullen,a ninth-through twelfth-grade special education teacher at the ARCH School in Connecticut,is the 59th National Teacher of the Year.Mullen's goal is to provide passion,professionalism(职业特质),and perseverance as an educator."A teacher can receive no greater reward than the knowledge that he or she helped recover a lost student,"Mullen remarked.He will travel for one year as a full-time national and international spokesperson for education beginning June1,2009.
    The National Teacher of the Year Program focuses public attention on teaching excellence and is the oldest and most famous national honors program for teachers.‘ACEI is a proud participant in the selection process for the National Teacher of the Year,and we are pleased to see Anthony Mullen selected.Mr.Mullen is a dedicated individual who possesses a wealth of talents and skills as a teacher.His devotion to young people,however,reaches beyond the call of duty.Mr.Mullen extends himself to adviser and guides children who need to know that they are not forgotten and that they,too,are unique and special,"stated ACEI Executive Director Diane Whitehead.
     ACEI is one of 15 national education organizations that select the National Teacher of the Year from among the state teachers of the year,including those representing the District of Columbia,the Department of Defense Education Activity,and five U.S.extra state departments.
45.What is the passage mainly about?C
A.A White House ceremony.
B.An innovative teaching approach.
C.The 2009 National Teacher of the Year.
D.The national education organizations.
46.We can learn from the first paragraph Obama stressesA.
A.teachers'role                      
B.community lives
C.teachers'teamwork                 
D.innovative approach
47.According to Mullen,his success as an educator lies in.B
A.being a full-time national and international spokesperson
B.providing passion,perseverance and professionalism
C.helping those who can't find their way home
D.helping the students achieve high scores
48.It can be inferred from the passage thatD.
A.the National Teacher of the Year Program hasn't been well-known
B.ACEI is the only organization in charge of selecting excellent teachers
C.Mullen is devoted to teaching the students for the call of duty
D.Mullen's success may be due to his previous work experience.
2.Bottled water has become the choice for people who are healthy and thirsty.Bottled water is all over the world.But some say the planet's health,and people's health may be suffering from it.
The idea that bottled water is safer for humans may not be true.The Natural Resources Defense Council of America said,"There is no promise that because water comes out of a bottle,it is cleaner or safer than water from the tap."Another New York City-based action group added that some bottled water is"really just tap water in a bottle-sometimes more clean,sometimes not."

It is not proven that bottled water is better than tap water.Nick Reeves from the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management said,"The high mineral content (含量) of some bottled water makes them not good for feeding babies and young children."Also,most bottled water doesn't have fluoride (氟化物),which can make teeth stronger.Kids are drinking more bottled water and less fluoridated tap water,and some say that's behind the recent rise in bad teeth.
Storing is another problem.Placed near heat,the plastic bottles can produce bad chemicals (化学物质) into the water.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency,some 2.7 million tons of plastic are used worldwide to bottle water each year.The plastic can take between 400 and 1,000 years to break down.
In terms of energy use,plastic bottles are also not cheap.One report said that if water and soft drink bottlers had used 10 percent recycled materials in their plastic bottles,they would have saved about 72 million gallons of gas.
So,if you are worried about the effect of bottled water on the Earth,you can take the following steps.
●Drink from your tap.Unless your government warns against this,it should be fine.
●Get a container (容器).Carry your tap water in a steel or a lined drinking container,and clean it between uses.
●Keep it cool.Don't drink from a bottle that has been sitting in the sun,don't store it near chemicals,and don't reuse plastic bottles.
●Choose glass containers over plastic if possible.When finished,recycle!
48.What is the main idea of the article?D
A.Drinking tap water is the only choice for people.
B.Glass containers are better than plastic bottles.
C.Plastic bottles are harmful to the environment.
D.Bottled water may not be as good as we think.
49.What can we learn about plastic bottles from the article?C
A.They break down in less than 300 years.
B.They can be used for many other things.
C.They are a risk to the environment.
D.They are cheap to make.
50.According to the article,we can know that bottled water isB
A.no problem for the environment       
B.more expensive than tap water
C.always safer than tap water           
D.better for babies
51.Which of the following about tap water is NOT mentioned in the article?A
A.There are a lot of problems storing tap water.
B.Bottled water can be just tap water in a bottle.
C.It may be better for your teeth.
D.It may contain fluoride.
3.Health experts have long known that vitamin D is important for healthy bones and teeth.It may also help to protect the body against diseases such as diabetes and cancer.And now,researchers say vitamin D might help fight brain diseases called dementia (痴呆).
Dementia is a brain disease that damages thinking and memory processes,which scientists call"cognitive (认知) abilities."Dementia is difficult to treat.Taking care of someone who has dementia is extremely demanding.And the disease is very frightening to sufferers.Chris Roberts suffers from dementia.He says the worst part of living with this disease was getting lost while driving."The worst thing that I found was getting lost in the car,not just forgetting where I was going-I wouldn't know where I was."More than 47million people around the world suffer from dementia.The World Health Organization reports that 60percent of them live in low-and middle-income countries.
We get vitamin D from some foods like nuts,lentils (扁豆) and fatty fish.We also get vitamin D from the sun.But that is not dependable.In some parts of the world,there is not enough sunlight to provide enough vitamin D.Also,sunblock prevents the vitamin from entering the body.To add to the problem,the skin's ability to process vitamin D weakens as a person ages.
Researchers at Rutgers University in New Jersey are exploring the relationship between vitamin D and dementia.The team recently measured vitamin D levels and cognitive ability in older people.Nutritional sciences professor Joshua Miller led the team.He said cognitive abilities differed among the study subjects.He said tests showed that about 60percent of the group was low in vitamin D.
32.Which of the following is true about vitamin D?B
A.Vitamin D can decrease people's risk of heart diseases.
B.Vitamin D helps the body fight against cancer.
C.Vitamin D is mainly obtained from the sun.
D.The need for Vitamin D decreases as people age.
33.What does the underlined word"demanding"mean in Paragraph 2?D
A.Boring but rewarding.
B.Disturbing and frightening.
C.Disgusting and stressful.
D.Hard and tiresome.
34.What does Paragraph 3mainly talk about?B
A.How vitamin D affects people's health.
B.Where people get vitamin D.
C.Whether sunlight can produce vitamin D.
D.Why people's age influences the production of vitamin D.
35.Where can we most probably read the passage?C
A.In a travel brochure.
B.In a literature magazine.
C.In a science journal.
D.In a commercial advertisement.

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