题目内容

7."People should have one meat-free day a week if they want to make a personal and effective sacrifice that would help deal with climate change,"the world's leading authority on global warming has told The Observer.
Dr Rajendra Pachauri,chair of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,said that people should then go on to reduce their meat consumption even further.
Pachauri,who was re-elected the panel's chairman for a second six-year term last week,said diet change was important because of the huge greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and other environmental problems associated with raising cattle and other animals."It was relatively easy to change eating habits compared to changing means of transport,"he said.
The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that meat production accounts for nearly a fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions.These are produced during the production.For example,ruminants (反刍动物),particularly cows,give off a gas called methane,which is 23times more effective as a global warming agent than CO2.
Pachauri can expect some opposite responses from the food industry to his advice,though last night he was given unexpected support by Masterchef presenter and restaurateur John Torode."I have a little bit and enjoy it,"said Torode."Too much for any person is bad.But there's a bigger issue here:where the meat comes from.If we all bought British and stopped buying imported food,we'd save a huge amount of carbon emissions."
Professor Robert Watson,the chief scientific adviser for the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs,said government could help educate people about the benefits of eating less meat,but it should not regulate."Eating less meat would help,there's no question about that,"Watson said.
However,Chris Lamb,head of marketing for pig industry group BPEX,said the meat industry had been unfairly targeted and was working hard to find out which activities had the biggest environmental impact and reduce them."Some ideas were contradictory,"he said."For example,one solution to emissions from cattle and other animals was to keep them indoors,but this would damage animal welfare.Climate change is a very young science and our view is there are a lot of simple solutions being proposed."

56.What is directly related to global warming?C
A.Consumption of meat.     B.Growth of cattle.
C.Methane from ruminants.  D.Processing of meat.
57.Who holds a view opposite to the others'in the passage?D
A.Rajendra Pachauri.  B.John Torode.  C.Robert Watson.  D.Chris Lamb.
58.It is implied in the passage thatD.
A.we should try to keep away from cattle   B.ruminants should not be left outdoors
C.the meat industry will soon close down   D.we must do our duty to save the earth
59.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A
A.Less meat,slower global warming
B.More animals,more greenhouse gas
C.Less imported food,better our environment
D.Greater diet change,smaller climate change.

分析 文章讲我们每个人都应该为防止地球变暖出一份力,而文中提到反刍动物是二氧化碳排放的主要来源之一,由此作者提出我们每个人应该少吃点肉来减少反刍动物的饲养,以此来减少二氧化碳排放.

解答 56:C细节题.由第四段最后一句"For example,ruminants(反刍动物),particularly cows,give off a gas called methane,which is 23 times more effective as a global warming agent than CO2."可知正确答案为C.
57:D细节题.由最后一段 Chris Lamb 说的话"'Some ideas were contradictory,'he said.'For example,one solution to emissions from cattle and other animals was to keep them indoors,but this would damage animal welfare.Climate change is a very young science and our view is there are a lot of simple solutions being proposed.'"可知 Chris Lamb 持与其他人不同的意见,故正确答案为D.
58:D推断题.由第一段第一句"People should have one meat-free day a week if they want to make a personal and effective sacrifice that would help deal with climate change,"可知作者认为每个人都应该做出点牺牲来抵抗地球变暖,所以D项符合文意.而A、B、C项在文中均没有相关内容,所以A、B、C项错误.故正确答案为D.
59:A推断题.文章讲我们每个人都应该为防止地球变暖出一份力,而文中提到反刍动物是二氧化碳排放的主要来源之一,由此作者提出我们每个人应该少吃点肉来减少反刍动物的饲养,以此来减少二氧化碳排放,故正确答案为A.

点评 本文是健康环保类阅读理解.做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据.

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15.For a long time,the traditional method of identifying liars was to watch their body language,including facial expressions.
What if the person appears to be nervous?Is the person unable to look me in the eye?Is he or she look around the room?What about other nervous movements,such as fidgeting(坐立不安)or shifting from side to side?Many people-from parents to police officers and airport security personnel-depend on this method.But does a person's body and face reveal the truth?Not according to a new study.
Talking,it seems,is the best way to smoke out a liar.That is what researchers in the United Kingdom found out recently.Their investigation took place at one place where lying can get you into big trouble-an airport.
The researchers asked volunteers to pretend they were real passengers and then lie to airport security agents.Some of the agents used spoke conversation-based methods to question these make-believe passengers.Others depended instead on the person's body language,like lack of eye contact and showing signs of nervousness.The agents talking with the passengers were 20times more likely to catch the liars.The study found that these conversation-based techniques can help you recognize when a person is lying to you.Like many methods,this conversation method has a name.It is called Controlled Cognitive Engagement or CCE,for short.
The British government partly financed this study.The American Psychological (APA) published the findings.Body language cannot be trusted.Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard.And it only works,seemingly,by chance.
Thomas Ormerod is the head of the School of Psychology at the University of Sussex in England.On the APA website,he reported that the"suspicious-signs method"-or using body language-"almost completely fails"in finding lies.

24.What are the questions in Paragraph 2intended to do?A.
A.Show traditional ways to recognize a liar.
B.Launch a survey among readers.
C.Show the writer's puzzlement.
D.Invite the readers to think twice.
25.What should volunteers in the investigation do?C.
A.Answer questions only using words.
B.Pretend to be airport security agents.
C.Act as passengers as researchers required.
D.Communicate with researchers by talking.
26.Which would be the best way to find out a liar according to the study?B.
A.Looking him in the eye.
B.Asking open-ended questions.
C.Making use of body language.
D.Observing his facial expression.
27.What will the author continue to talk about based on the passage?B.
A.Misunderstandings of catching a liar.
B.The"suspicious-signs"method.
C.How the CCE method works.
D.The new concept of CCE.
15.It has been said that the youngest child is the luckiest.They get all the love and attention of the parents.I am the youngest.(36)BI do not feel lucky.I have always lived in awith my two older sisters.
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38.A.allowedB.taughtC.arrangedD.forced
39.A.halfB.busyC.wholeD.dizzy
40.A.triedB.intendedC.managedD.failed
41.A.turn upB.stand outC.set offD.keep up
42.A.complainingB.1aughingC.cryingD.praying
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2.There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by unclear power.
First,the radioactive material must travel from its place of production to the power station.Although the power stations themselves are strongly built,the containers used for the transport of the materials are not.Normally,only two methods of transport are in use,namely road or rail.Unfortunately,both of these may have an effect on the general public,since they are sure to pass near,or even through,heavily populated areas.
Second,there is the problem of waste.All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years.It is impossible to make these wastes nonradioactive,and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have invented.For example,they may be buried under the ground,or dropped into deserted mines,or sunk in the sea.However,these methods do not solve the problem,since an earthquake could easily break the containers.
Third,there may occur the danger of a leak or an explosion at the power station.As with the other two dangers,this is not very likely,so it does not provide a serious objection to the nuclear program.However,it can happen.
Separately,these three types of dangers are not a great cause for worry.Taken together,though,the probability of disaster is extremely high.

56.The author thinks that the ways to store nuclear wastes areB.
A.easy   B.ineffective   C.reasonable   D.impossible
57.What do we learn from the last paragraph?A
A.By itself,none of the three dangers is likely to cause worry.
B.The dangers of nuclear energy can certainly be avoided.
C.The general public are strongly against the nuclear program.
D.The power station itself is a very safe place.
58.What is this passage about?C
A.Uses of nuclear power.      B.Public anger at nuclear power.
C.Dangers from nuclear power. D.Accidents caused by nuclear power.
12.Poverty is not first thing that comes to mind when you think of Japan.After all,there are no children begging on the streets in major cities here.You do not often see Japanese citizens publicly letting out their complaints over the country's economic decline.But senior government researcher Aya Abe says Japan has the fourth highest rate of child poverty among developed countries.
She says she sees that poverty in schools where students admit to only bathing once a week.Some cannot afford to buy pencils for class.
"They may not be on the streets begging or they may not be turning into criminals,but it's there.It's just that we have to open our eyes and see,"Abe said.
Abe owes the increase in child poverty to the country's changing demographics(人口统计),struggling economy and high social security premiums(保险费).She says fewer people live in three-generation households,where the parents and grandparents work.The number of single mothers has increased.The salary for young fathers has declined with the economic downturn.Social security premiums have increased in the last 20years,putting families on the edge of poverty.
Abe says studies conducted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD ) point to rising poverty in Japan before the global economic crises in 2008.But the Japanese government and the public refused to acknowledge it until then partly because of the shame associated with poverty.
"It was very unpopular for Japanese media to say anything about Japanese poverty,"said Abe."Even though OECD Japan announced it in Japanese,Japanese media didn't make it into the articles."
Abe says new Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama has taken one important step to help alleviate (缓解) the problem.Next year,his Democratic Party of Japan plans to double monthly child care allowances given to families.
But Abe wants the government to expand its financial help even more.She wants it to simplify the process to apply for public assistance and provide educational grants for students struggling to pay for tuition at high schools and colleges.The country now only offers loans.
Abe also says the government must act quickly because she says the problem will only get worse in the next few years.

36.The passage is intended toB.
A.report the result of the studies conducted by OECD
B.tell us about the increase in Japanese child poverty
C.prove that Japan is no longer a developed country
D.introduce Aya Abe,a senior government researcher
37.It seems to be hard to associate Japan with poverty becauseA.
A.no children are seen begging in the streets of main cities in Japan
B.its citizens never complain about the country's economic decline
C.it is one of the few wealthiest countries in the world
D.its government and public refused to acknowledge it
38.According to Abe,several things contribute to the rising child poverty exceptD.
A.high social security premiums
B.the increase of the number of single mothers
C.the decrease of the salary for young fathers
D.the expansion of three-generation households
39.Why was it unpopular for Japanese media to say anything about Japanese poverty?C
A.The Japanese public didn't think it true.
B.It was forbidden by the Japanese government.
C.The Japanese public regarded it shameful to be poor.
D.OECD Japan had already announced it in Japanese.
40.Which of the following is NOT the author's suggestion for alleviating this problem?A
A.Doubling monthly child care allowances given to families.
B.Expanding government's financial help even more.
C.Providing educational grants for poor students.
D.Simplifying the process to apply for public assistance.
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    In 2010,lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide,and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀胱) cancer.Loomis said people in Asia,Eastern North America,some places in Central America and Mexico,as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure(暴露).Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors,such as China,are particularly at risk.This week,Harbin,the capital city of Heilongjiang province,became the first Chinese city to officially suspendclasses due to serious smog,really good for teachers and students.
    Many developed countries face similar problems,although to a lesser(较少的、次要的) degree than most developing nations.Between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5-tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers-that are higher than the WHO safety limits.
    Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other,the IARC said its conclusions apply to all areas of the world."Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide,this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,"said Christopher Wild,director of the IARC.
60.What's the main task of IARC?B
A.To focus on cancer-causing substances.
B.To evaluate the air quality.
C.To study the developing risk of cancer.
D.To send signals to the international community.
61.The underlined word"suspend"in Paragraph 2 probably meansC.
A.accelerate         B.acknowledge            C.delay           D.decline
62.Why should the international community take action without further delay?A
A.A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.
B.More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.
C.Developed countries face air pollution,the level of which is higher than the safety limits.
D.The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.
63.What might be the best title of the passage?D
A.PM2.5,bad effect.
B.Safety limits of air pollution.
C.Signals of air pollution.
D.Air pollution,cancer risk.
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The 7.2-magnitude quake centered just south of the US border near Mexicali was one of the strongest earthquakes to hit region in decades.
"It sounds like it's felt by at least 20million people,"USGS seismologist Lucy Jones said."Most of Southern California felt this earthquake."
Sunday afternoon's earthquake hit hardest in Mexicali,a commerce center along Mexico's border with California,where authorities said the quake was followed by at least 20smaller aftershocks,including ones of magnitudes 5.1,4.5and 4.3.
"It has not stopped trembling in Mexicali,"said Baja California state Civil Protection Director Alfredo Escobedo on Monday.
Escobedo said one man was killed when his home collapsed just outside of Mexicali and another died when he rushed into the street in panic and was struck by a car.At least 100people were injured in the city,most of them struck by falling objects.Power was out in virtually the entire city.
Susan Warmbier was putting away groceries in the San Diego suburb of Chula Vista when her husband asked,"Is the house moving?"
Elsewhere in San Diego,there were reports of shattered windows,broken pipes and water main breaks in private buildings,but no reports of injuries,San Diego Fire-Rescue Department spokesman Maurice Luque said.Coronado Bridge over San Diego Bay was briefly closed as a precaution.
Across the border in Tijuana,Mexico,the quake caused buildings to sway and knocked out power in some areas.No tsunami warning was issued,but hundreds of people on Tijuana's crowded beach feared the worst and fled when they felt the ground shake.

56.What's the best title of the passage?B
A.A strong quake in Mexico,but no tsunami
B.A strong quake kills 2in Mexico,frightens US states
C.A strong quake,downtowns closed off
D.A strong quake,buildings collapses
57.The 7.2-magnitude quakeC.
A.centered just south of the Mexico
B.was felt by 20million people in Mexico
C.was felt by most of Southern California
D.was the strongest earthquakes to hit region in centuries
58.Which is NOT true according to the passage?D
A.Some cities had power failure after the quake.
B.One of the cities closed off its downtown because of the swaying buildings.
C.Many smaller quakes happened after the 7.2-magnitude one.
D.Hundreds of people on the beach died because of the tsunami.
59.People got injured mostlyC.
A.because they were in panic
B.because the power was out in the whole city
C.because of the falling objects
D.because they were buried under the falling objects
60.Coronado Bridge over San Diego Bay was briefly closedA.
A.to avoid further dangers
B.by the San Diego Fire-Rescue Department
C.as a reminding of the quake
D.to prevent the bridge from destroying.
17.If you talk to any person that has achieved his goals-despite great difficulties,one thing remains the same.
That person never failed to stay (41)D.The goal was already in sight,and the wish to(42)Athat goal never waved.
This story is an example of this:
When she looked(43)D,Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog.Her body felt (44)C because she had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours.
She was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions.Now,at age 34,her (45)B was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina Island to the California.
On that fourth of July morning in 1952,the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so  thick that she could (46)D see her support boats.She struggled on,(47)A the freezing  cold water of the sea,hour after hour.
Alongside Florence in one of the boats,her mother and her trainer offered (48)C.They told her it wasn't much farther,(49)Ball she could see was fog.They urged her not to give up.She never had thought of that until then-with only a half mile to (50)A,she decided to(51)C.Still warming her frozen body several hours later,she told a reporter,"Look,I'm not (52)Bmyself,but if I could have seen (53)AI might have succeeded."It was not(54)Bor the cold water that beat her.It was the fog.She was unable to see her goal.
Two months later,she tried again.This time,(55)C the same thick fog,she swam with her goal clearly(56)Bin her mind.She knew that (57)A behind that fog was land and  this time she (58)Cit!
Let this (59)B forever be kept in your mind.Never take your eyes (60)C your goal,even when you can't see it.

41.A.carefulB.ableC.proudD.focused
42.A.reachB.setC.seeD.break
43.A.backB.belowC.awayD.ahead
44.A.softB.sensitiveC.numbD.flexible
45.A.directionB.goalC.resultD.role
46.A.evenB.almostC.mostlyD.hardly
47.A.againstB.forC.behindD.by
48.A.assessmentB.commitmentC.encouragementD.adjustment
49.A.andB.butC.orD.so
50.A.goB.stayC.remainD.turn
51.A.re tireB.pauseC.quitD.leave
52.A.caringB.excusingC.permittingD.scolding
53.A.landB.sunshineC.fartherD.fog
54.A.excitementB.tirednessC.lonelinessD.fear
55.A.consideringB.besidesC.despiteD.from
56.A.figuredB.picturedC.putD.brought
57.A.somewhereB.nowhereC.anywhereD.everywhere
58.A.tookB.gotC.madeD.set
59.A.impressionB.lessonC.taskD.time
60.A.outB.besideC.offD.on.

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