19．Two Christmas traditions have come under attack in recent years from environmentalists：Christmas cards and Christmas trees．
Paper cards are seen as wasteful and，for some people，going card？free is another way of going green．They also argue that in a world of e-mail，Skype，Facebook and Twitter，people are in touch all the time anyway； they no longer need the yearly card that connects them with long lost friends．If you want to send Christmas greetings，there are free e-cards，which get the job done with no postage or wasted paper．
However，especially to people who didn't grow up with e-mail，there is something missing from a Christmas e-mail．The first Christmas cards appeared in London in 1843and were designed by the same man who had introduced the world's first postage stamp three years earlier．His name was Sir Henry Cole．
They rose in popularity throughout the 20th century．Many people sent cards that were sold for charity．The most famous of these are the ones sold for UNICEF．In the UK this year，in the three weeks before Christmas，the post office expects to handle 100million cards every day．Environmental awareness also means that nowadays many people recycle their cards； this helps raise money to plant more trees，as well as recreating more paper．
When we think of trees at Christmas，there is one that immediately springs to mind-the evergreen tree that people decorate with ornaments and place their presents under．The custom dates back almost a thousand years to Germany，Nowadays 33to 36million Christmas trees are produced in America and 50to 60million in Europe each year．Some trees are sold live with roots and soil so people can plant them later and reuse them next year．
Some people prefer artificial trees as they are reusable and much cheaper than their natural alternative．However，environmentalists point out that they are made from petroleum products and they have much pollution．

63．What is the main idea of the article？D
A．To analyze how two Christmas traditions grew in popularity．
B．To introduce the history of two typical Christmas traditions．
C．To point out the problems in some traditional ways of celebrating Christmas，
D．To explain the debate environmentalists and traditionalists about Christmas traditions．
64．Some people suggest getting rid of paper cards becauseC．
a．they can not be recycled and reused
b．they are not environmentally friendly
c．they are mostly sold for charity
d．free e？cards have many advantages over them
e．they are not as necessary as they used to be for people
A．a，b，d         B．a，c，d            C．b，d，e           D．b，c，e
65．What can we conclude from the article？D
A．This year has seen a dramatic drop in Christmas card sales and products．
B．The first Christmas cards were designed three years earlier than the stamps．
C．Environmentalists advise people to buy cards that are sold for charity to help raise money
D．Growing environmental awareness is encouraging people to begin to recycle their cards．
66．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article？A
A．Some people prefer to buy live trees that can be reused next year．
B．Artificial trees are much better than natural ones in all aspects．
C．The custom of decorating Christmas trees first appeared in Britain．
D．There is a wider Christmas tree market in America than in Europe．
18．Five years ago，David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day．"I was a clothes addict，"he jokes．"I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled．"Today David wears casual clothes---khaki pants and sports shirt---to the office．He hardly ever wears a necktie．"I'm working harder than ever，"David says，"and I need to feel comfortable．"
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States．The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual．In the early 1990s，many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday （but only on Friday）．This became known as"dress-down Friday"or"casual Friday"．"What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing．"said business consultant Maisly Jones．
Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes？One reason is that it's easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code．"A lot of young people don't want to dress up for work，"says the owner of a software company，"so it's hard to hire people if you have a conservative （保守的） dress code．"Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes．In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company，85percent of employers say that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale （士气）．Only 4percent of employers say that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity．Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money．"Suits are expensive，if you have to wear one every day，"one person said．"For the same amount of money，you can buy a lot more casual clothes．"

65．David Smith refers to himself as having been"a clothes addict，"becauseC．
A．he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt
B．he couldn't stand a clean appearance
C．he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time
D．he didn't want to spend much money on clothes
66．David Smith wears casual clothes now，becauseA．
A．they make him feel at ease when working      
B．he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes
C．he looks attractive in casual clothes           
D．he no longer works in that company
67．According to this passage，which of the following statements is TRUE？C
A．Company workers started to dress down at work about twenty years ago．
B．Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s．
C．"Dress-down Friday"was first given as a favor from employers．
D．Many workers want to wear casual clothes to attract people．
68．In this passage，the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned in the passage exceptB．
A．saving employees'money                  
B．making employees more attractive
C．improving employees'motivation            
D．making employees happier．
17．Many articles have appeared in recent years，claiming that there are no more heroes in the world．The authors says that the young now refuse to admire anyone and that we are living in a world too well informed，too curious showing us the faults of the public figures who could become today's stars，until we lose faith and start looking for defects in any person who seems worthy of respect．
Is it true that we know too much？Were our ancestors lucky to be only partly informed？Those who read the first biographies of George Washington，Joan of Arc，or other great men and women of the past were not told that their hero had bad breath or disliked his mother； they only found a description of his great accomplishments and their admiration was strengthened．In fact，early biographers didn't hesitate to make up an admirable story or two about their hero．The man who wrote the first biography of Washington，for instance，invented the cherry tree； he admitted later that there was no truth in it，but he said that it would give young men a good example to follow．His readers didn't seem to object； the book was reprinted eighty times-a great success in those days．
Modern biographers do not invent such stories； they respect the facts，as indeed they should．But we pay a price for their truthfulness，for in their efforts to show"the whole person，"they tell us more than we really need to know about private lives，family secrets，and human weakness．The true greatness of a fine man is often forgotten in the display； and people lose not only their admiration for him，but their willingness to trust any other"star"completely．
It may be difficult to be a hero in the world these days，under the searching eyes of the society．But surely excellence has not disappeared completely； there are still individuals who are superior to their fellow men by their wisdom，their courage，or their character．They can be heroes if people are willing to ignore their human imperfection and to admit the respect that their admirable qualities inspire．Heroes are needed everywhere，at any time．It's a sad sky that has no shining stars．

36．Why do the young now refuse to admire anyone？D
A．Because there are fewer heroes than before．
B．Because they themselves are more self-centered．
C．Because they have lost faith in today's life style．
D．Because they rush to find faults with any person．
37．Early biographers of great peopleB．
A．knew little about their heroes
B．were willing to invent stories
C．were disliked by readers
D．hid some achievements of their heroes
38．Which of the following statements about modern biographers is true？C
A．They show no respect to facts．
B．They choose to ignore heroes'greatness．
C．Their writing style has aroused criticism．
D．We benefit from their truthfulness．
39．We can infer from the last paragraph thatB．
A．the standard of being a hero has been raised
B．the author is optimistic about the hero issue
C．our society is lacking in real heroes
D．our society shows enough tolerance
40．What is essential in solving the problem mentioned in the passage？A
A．People's attitude．
B．The true greatness of heroes．
C．The author's arguments．
D．Biographers'truthfulness．
16．China's new term，tuhao，may be in next year's Oxford English Dictionary．The word caught the attention of the dictionary's editing team after BBC's recent program on influential Chinese words．"If its influence continues，it is very likely to appear on our updated list of words，"said Julie Kleeman，project manager with the editing team．
In Chinese tu means uncouth （笨拙的） and hao means rich．It has traditionally been referred to rich people who throw their weight around in China's countryside．The word became more popular in September with the launch of Apple's new gold-colored iPhone，which is loved by China's rich people．The color became known as"tuhao gold．"The word is now also used by the online community to refer to people who have the cash but lack the class to go with it．Kleeman also mentioned two other Chinese words-dama and hukou-which may also make it into the dictionary．
People can have an intuitive （直观的） grasp of the meanings if they see pinyin，Kleeman said，adding that people avoid using an English word to keep the original meaning．
"We have nearly 120Chinese-linked words now in Oxford English Dictionary，"she said．Some of them are：Guanxi，which means"connection"； Taikonaut，a mix of taikong，meaning outer space，and astronaut．
The new words will be first uploaded on the official website before the dictionaries arrive．The online version is also renewed every three months．"It at least broke our old rules．It used to take 10years to include a new word but now we keep the pace with the time，"according to a statement from ex-chief-editor John Simpson．

64．Which of the following statements is true according to the text？B
A．Dama and hukou have made it into Oxford English dictionary．
B．Some influential Chinese words appeared on one of BBC's recent programs．
C．tuhao refers to people who have both the cash and the class．
D．John Simpson thinks that it is not good to break old rules．
65．What does the underlined part in paragraph 2mean？A
A．Give orders to others．B．Get ready to help others．
C．Go on a diet．D．Put on weight．
66．Tuhao becomes more popular in September partly becauseD．
A．it is very likely to appear in Oxford English Dictionary
B．it is often used by the online community
C．people use Chinese pinyin to keep the original meaning
D．Apple launched a new gold-colored iPhone
67．The main idea of the text is thatA．
A．tuhao may end up in Oxford English Dictionary
B．sometimes pinyin makes Chinese words better understood
C．tuhao has a new meaning at the present time
D．Oxford English Dictionary Includes new words faster than before．
15．There exist cruel wars，fighting and sadness  in the world today，so it's  not only necessary，but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us go through difficult times in our 1ives．Putting a smile on someone's face when you know they are feeling depressed，as the saying goes，makes me feel good and warms my heart．
How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife，husband，child，co-worker，neighbor，close friend，or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your comer store？I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh，even if I don't know the person l'm joking around with My Grandma always found humor in everything she did，even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine．This not only relieves stress in any situation，but also is a common manner to speak to others that are around you．
I know of a few people that don't have a funny bone in their bodies，as they say．Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the sligh test smile on their faces，They don't get the joke that makes others laugh．I am   busting a gutwhile they just sit there，looking at me as if I were from outer space．How can people not get a really funny joke？
Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control．Without humor，we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems，or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy．There is too  much sadness in this present world．it drives people crazy．We all need．to find a way to avoid the sadness and bring a little light into our lives．

46．According to the passage，humor is necessary and essential becauseA．
A．it can pick up people's spirits
B．it can help people get on well with others
C．it can help get rid of the cruelty in the world
D．it makes people more confident
47．The author answers the question in the second paragraph withC．
A．facts and descriptions
B．evidence and argument
C．examples and conclusion
D．stories and persuasion
48．The underlined phrase"busting a gut"in the third paragraph can be replaced byC．
A．keeping silent                         B．speaking loud
C．laughing hard                         D．explaining carefully
49．In writing the passage，the author  mainly intends toB．
A．talk about his own understanding of humor
B．encourage people to be humorous in   daily life
C．introduce a  practical way to get through daily life
D．convince people of the power of being optimistic about life
50．What is the author's attitude towards the present world？D
A．Indifferent      B．Positive         C．Satisfied       D．Critical．
14．Shaking hands is a part of business life．and while it's a simple gesture，it's important to getit right Here are some tips to follow．
（1）Make eye contact．The handshake is firstly a form of greeting and as such you are looking at the person to make a connection with him or her，beyond the immediate physical handshake．
（2）Introduce your self．A handshake is only part of the graeting process； combine it with an oral introduction or message．
（3）Use your right hand If you have something to do with your right hand，you should explain to him or her and say sorry while showing your left hand to him or her to get the forgiveness．
（4）Be firm and steady．No one likes a dead-fish handshake，but it's not a wrestling contest，either．The pressure you need to apply is about what you'd use to pick up a full drink bottle．
（5）BA few seconds is all that is needed．Your aim is to greet the person，not to trap him．
Here is something that you should not do．
（1）Squeeze lt's called a handshake，not a hand squeeze Squeezing can hurt the other person's hand，especially if he or she is wearing rings．
（2）Use a two-handed shake．Don't do that unless it's a person you know well．Between new acquaintances，the double-handed shake can be considered smarmy（讨好的）．This also napplies to using the left hand to touch the person's shoulder．
（3）Use a dirty or sweaty hand．If you're nervous and your palm is sweat，press your palm against your leg to wipe it dry．

36．According to the passage，before a handshake，if you are doing something with your right hand，C．
A．you must stop doing it at once                B．you can ask him or her to wait
C．you should explain and apologize              D．you can use your left hand
37．What's the best title for point 5in the tips-to-follow part？B
A Greet the person                   B．Keep it brief．
C．Make your aim clear．               D．Don't embarrass your hand-shaker．
38．According to the passage，if you shake hands with someone you meet for the first time，which of the following is polite to do？C
A．Use your two hands to show your respect．
B．Put your left hand on his or her shoulder when shaking hands．
C．Make sure that your hand is dry before shaking hands．
D．Use your right hand to squeeze his or her hand．
39．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage？B
A．Where we should look when shaking hands．
B．Who should hold out his or her hand first to shake hands．
C．How much pressure should be used when you shake hands．
D．How long a handshake  should last．
40．We can infer that the writer spurpose in writing this passage is toD．
A．tell us the importance of a great handshake
B．show us what kinds of handshakes are considered impolite
C．give us some tips on how to make a good first impression
D．give us some tips on how to shake harids properly．
13．Good friends mean a lot in our life．I used to have some friends who I could（16）D．It was my 4th grade in the elementary school that I had my two friends Nina and Nancy．I had known them since the lsh  grade and we had gotten along quite well．Now the memory of their appearance is still（17）C in my mind．
  The following year I went to a new school．I was shy and didn't（18）Bmuch．The first day I made no new friend and I felt（19）D．The next day right after school as we were waiting for our school（20）D．I felt someone（21）Aon my hair，I quickly turned"Why did you do that？"
"I'm sorry I was stretching．"Giving her a（22）Clook I turned around with out saying anything．I had seen my teacher's eyes（23）Bso  I didn't want to get into（24）C．Then I felt a（25）Bon my shoulder and turned around again．"What is it？"Well umm…I have seen you for the first time．For the reason that I was （26）Ayesterday I was wondering if you're a new student．"I nodded （27）Dand she smiled"Welcome to De Zavala Primary School!I'm  Alondra，nice to meet you!"Then the school bus came and we got on．．
And that's how it all （28）C．She was a  warm-hearted girl（29）she  introduced me to new people and I made a lot of new friends，turn friends!And I swore I would （30）Athem because they saved me from the（31）Band they didn't even know．One day，when we were in the 8th grade，Alondra told me she had always wanted a best friend and then I （32）Aalong．I felt so（33）Ato hear about it．Now I'm in the college and I（34）Dhave many friends：Logan，Mari，Amold，Maggie，and those whose（35）Byou don't know．

16．A．go withB．get alongC．put up withD．count on
17．A．cleanB．blankC．freshD．invisible
18．A．eatB．talkC．knowD．gain
19．A．goodB．angryC．boredD．lonely
20．A．doctorB．dinnerC．teacherD．bus
21．A．pullB．pushC．catchD．put
22．A．angryB．coldC．friendlyD．excited
3．A．closeB．widenC．narrowD．brighten
24．A．agreementB．dangerC．troubleD．touch
25．A．knockB．tapC．strikeD．beat
26．A．absentB．lazyC．busyD．strange
27．A．anxiouslyB．attentivelyC．nervouslyD．sincerely
28．A．wentB．appearedC．beganD．worked
29．A．whenB．whyC．asD．how
30．A．care forB．thank forC．send forD．seek for
31．A．happinessB．lonelinessC．povertyD．fear
A．cameB．marchedC．hurriedD．got
33．A．honoredB．stableC．uneasyD．sad
34．A．evenB．justC．onlyD．still
35．A．charactersB．namesC．friendsD．grades
12．More surprising，perhaps，than the present difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is a live and thriving．As Skolnick notes，Americans are a marrying people：relative to Europeans，more of us marry and we marry at a younger age．Moreover，after a drop in the early l915s，the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing．Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context：some 30 percent of divorced individuals remarry．Thus，marriage remains by far the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society．
What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family．Twenty five years ago，the typical American family was made up of a husband，a wife，and two or three children．Now，there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have    children．Now there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children．And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wife's former marriage，or the husband's，or both．Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage；sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses（配偶）．
Thus，one can find every type of family arrangement．There are marriages without children；marriages with children from only the present marriage；marriages with"full time"children from both the present and former marriages；marriages with"full time"children from the present marriage and"part time"，children from former marriages．There are stepfathers，stepmothers，half brothers，and half sisters．It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents!These are great changes from the traditional nuclear family．But even so，even in the midst of all this，there remains one constant：Most Americans spend most of their adult lives married．

46．By calling American marrying people the author means thatD
A．American s a re more traditional than Europeans
B．Americans expect more out of marriage than Europeans
C．there are more married couples in U．S．A．than in Europe
D．more of Americans，as compared with Europeans，prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger age
47．Divorced AmericansB
A．prefer the way they live     
B．will most likely remarry
C．have lost faith in marriage   
D．are the vast majority of people in the society
48．Which of the following can be presented as the picture of today's American families？A
A．Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable．
B．A typical American family is made up of only a husband and a wife．
C．Americans prefer to have more kids than before．
D．There are no nuclear families any more．
49．"Part time"childrenC
A．spend some of their time with their half brothers and some of their time with their   half sisters
B．spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriage
C．are shared between the two former spouses
D．can not stay with"full time"children
50．Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families，A．
A．the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriage
B．the functions of marriage remain unchanged
C．most Americans prefer a second marriage
D．most divorced Americans would rather not remarry．
11．My mother always says that I'm born to dance ballet．But that September when I was in a ballet（16）B and went to do a turn，something just happened．I heard it and I surely （17）D it．I went right to a doctor and got an MRI，which （18）Da lot of damage to my knee-a（n）（19）Binjury for a dancer．I had to have a（n）（20）C．
Everything had been going so well and now I had this huge injury．Dance was my life，but（21）B，I wasn't going to be able to do it for a year or possibly never again．
My dad was really a big inspiration for me．He was（22）Ba battle against cancer at that time．He showed me how to make it through a （23）Bsituation．I thought that if he could do that，I could handle this，too．（24）A my operation，I had great difficulty walking，but I knew that if I really worked hard，my injury would （25）C．
Several months later，I definitely wasn't at my strongest，but I could （26）A a class．The dancing I did was basic at first-（27）Athat my knee could handle．
Once we started practicing in the fall，I was beginning to feel like myself again．One day，I （28）D the schedule and my name was next to Eliot Feld．I thought it must be a（n） （29）A because he is very famous in the ballet world．But it wasn't．He（30）C me and taught me a lot of things．At l8，I had a solo performance!It was a big （31）C．I was so excited and felt like a real ballerina．After the （32）B，Eliot said，"You know，you have a gift-and you are also made of"（33）CThat，coming from him，was the  （34）Ccompliment（赞美）I have ever received．I'd like to think that （35）A my injury made me strong．

16．A．classB．schoolC．teamD．play
17．A．touchedB．acceptedC．brokeD．felt
18．A．pointedB．saidC．readD．showed
19．A．necessaryB．deadlyC．practicalD．important
20．A．holidayB．cryC．operationD．test
21．A．in timeB．all of a suddenC．at presentD．once in a while
22．A．leadingB．fightingC．losingD．inventing
23．A．wonderfulB．difficultC．positiveD．heavy
24．A．AfterB．DuringC．AtD．Over
25．A．moveB．goC．healD．die
26．A．get throughB．take upC．break intoD．set out
27．A．movesB．activitiesC．damagesD．breathes
28．A．stoleB．borrowedC．facedD．checked
29．A．mistakeB．opportunityC．problemD．task
30．A．heldB．obeyedC．encouragedD．received
31．A．surpriseB．secretC．successD．position
32．A．speechB．performanceC．competitionD．match
33．A．mudB．woodC．goldD．steel
34．A．simplestB．deepestC．greatestD．smartest
35．A．dealing withB．1etting outC．setting upD．turning to
10．A passenger told an air hostess that he needed a cup of water to take his medicine when the plane just took off．She told him that she would bring him the water within ten minutes．
Thirty minutes passed．But the air hostess was so busy in the aircraft cabin（客舱） that she forgot to bring him the water!As a result，the passenger couldn't take his medicine．When the air hostess hurried to him with a cup of water，he was angry and refused her offer．
In the following hours on the flight，each time the air hostess passed by the passenger she would ask him with a smile whether he needed help or not．But the passenger never paid attention to her．
When the passenger was going to get off the plane，he said to the air hostess with a smile，"On the flight，you offer service to me for twelve times in a11．Although l didn't accept them，how can I refuse your twelve sincere（真诚的）smiles？"
[写作内容】
1．概括短文的内容要点，该部分的词数大约30左右；
2．以"真诚的回报"为主题发表自己的看法，至少包含以下的内容要点，该部分的词数大约
120左右：
（1）如果你是那位旅客，你是否也会被这位空姐的做法感动？为什么？
（2）你是否也有遇到过类似的情况，描述一下当时的情形；
（3）你觉得真诚能够使我们得到回报吗？
[写作要求】
你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子．
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