B [2015 •北京市西城区一模] The Netherlands on Monday introduced its first-ever intelligent bicycle, fitted with electronic devices to help bring down the high accident rate among elderly cyclists in the bicycle-mad country.

Developed for the government by the Netherlands Or?ganization for Applied Scientific Research TN(), the intelli?gent bicycle runs on electricity. A commercial-available bicy?cle is expected to be on the market in the next two years and should sell for from 1,700 to 3,200 euros per bicycle.

The devices on the bike are linked through an on-board computer with a vibrating warning system fitted in the bicycle's saddle and handlebars to warn cyclists of the coming danger.

The saddle vibrates when other cyclists approach from behind, while, the handlebars do the same when barriers appear ahead.

"Accidents often happen when cyclists look behind them or get a fright when they are passed at high speed," said Maurice Kwakkernaat, one of TNO's research scientists involved in the project. "The on-board system technology has already been at work in the car industry," he said.

"More and more elderly people are using a bicycle, not only for short distances, but also for longer distances," Dutch Environment and Infrastructure Minister Melanie Schultz van Haegen told AFP. " This type of bicycle is truly-needed in the Netherlands because it will help us bring down the number of elderly people who are injured every year and allow them to continue to enjoy cycling," she said.

In the Netherlands, bicycles outnumber the population of 17 million by at least one million and there are some 25,000 km of bicycle path in the country. Those statistics are set to grow as more and more people take to two-wheeled trans?port, leading to an increased risk of injury.

Last year, 184 cyclists died in the country, of which 124, or 67 %? were older than 65， according to the Central Statistics Office. The year before, 200 cyclists died, the ma?jority of victims also being elderly.

The current model weighs 25 kilograms but researchers are working on making the on-board system smaller.

5.The intelligent bicycle is aimed to___________

A.     protect the environment

B.     help reduce traffic pressure

C.     popularize the use of bicycles

D.     improve safety for elderly cyclists

6.Which part of the intelligent bicycle will vibrate when oth?er cyclists approach it from behind?

A.     The saddle.

B.     The wheels.

C.     The handlebars.

D.     The on-board computer.

7. We can learn from the passage that .

A.     the elderly ride bicycles wherever they go

B.     the elderly are planning to give up cycling

C.     the number of elderly cyclists is decreasing

D.     the accident rate among elderly cyclists is high

8.     Which is the best title for the passage?

A.     A test bicycle

B.     Elderly cyclists

C.     A smart bicycle

D.     A bicycle-mad country

I.阅读理解

A〖2015'泉州市普通高中毕业班质检〗Each Sunday, people can hear the music of the Mission Dolores Basilica in San Francisco. The Spanish missionaries (传教士） built the church in 1791. It was the start of a spe?cial kind of neighbourhood: the Mission District.

The area is a place with a long and varied history. One community member says that it's important for people to un?derstand the many levels of history in the neighbourhood. He feels that this knowledge is a big part of understanding what it means to be a real San Franciscan.

One of the most interesting parts of the district is its peo?ple. Over the years? immigrants have come to the area from Ireland* Germany, and Italy. But the most recent immigrants are mainly from Latin America. It's easy to see the style that these recent additions give to the neighbourhood. You can see it in the art on the walls, taste it in the food, and hear it in the music!

Juan Pedro Gaffney Rivera, the director of the Spanish Choir(唱诗班)of San Francisco, says that the people there share the pain and happiness of their friends and family mem?bers and that music has always been a basic part of cultural i-dentity in the district. He feels that the music of the district is colourful and lively.

But it isn't just its music that's colourful and lively. Its art is full of life as well.

The local art community stays close to the area's culture and tradition. A local art organization often leads people on walks through the district. They visit streets like Balmy Alley, which is famous for its murals (壁画).Even though the meanings behind the murals are always changing, they are still very powerful. One artist explains that they are fighting for fairness in the community and to help the environ?ment through murals. Apparently, they're something the community likes.

Many of these artists feel that the district is a successful neighbourhood where new immigrants are welcome. "People see that they're not so different from each other," says one artist. "There are a lot of things that bind(捆绑)the immi?grants through culture and tradition.，，

1. The underlined phrase " this knowledge" in Paragraph 2 refers to "  •

A.     having memories of the Spanish missionaries

B.     knowing the history of the Mission Dolores Basilica

C.     realizing what it means to be a real San Franciscan

D.     understanding the many levels of history in the neigh-

bourhood

2.The author shows the multiculture of the Mission District
from the aspects of___________ .

A. literature and sports    B.  music and murals

C.   buildings and clothes   D.   customs and festivals

3.It can be inferred from the passage that in the Mission District .

A.     immigrants from different cultures live in harmony

B.     Latin American music and food are the most attractive

C.     the Spanish Choir stands out in the competition of dif?ferent cultures

D.     new immigrants have to give up their own culture to be welcome

4.Which would be the best title for the passage?

A.     The Mission Dolores Basilica

B.     A special type of neighbourhood

C.     Music of the Mission District

D.     The Spanish Choir of San Francisco

Ⅲ.语法填空[2015.山西太原高三模拟〗

阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

   Young people and old people do not always agree with each other. They sometimes have different 14.
(idea) about life, work and play.  But in one special programme in New York, the adults and the teenagers live 15._____ peace.  Each summer? 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for eight weeks as members of a special work group.  Everyone 16. ___________   (work) several hours each day. Some teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the villages. Some learn 17. _____________ (make) furniture and to build houses. The adults teach the teenagers these skills.

    Everyone has several free hours every day and is 18. ________   (complete) free on weekends, too. During the free hours some teenagers enjoy photography or 19. (paint). Others sit around and just talk and sing.It is necessary to make rules 20,____________people live together. In this programme the teenagers and the adults make the rules together. When someone breaks the rules,21. _________ group will discuss the problem. They will ask the questions like "Why did it happen?" 22.______ "What should we do about it?"

After the programme, one of the teenagers said, "This programme has taught me that I should stop thinking only about 23. ___________ .   I began to think about the whole group."

Ⅱ.阅读七选五【2015 郑州一检〗

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Although most games have winners and losers, the goal of sports is not to win every game. The real goals include get?ting exercise ， having fun ， and learning important social skills, like sportsmanship.

Good sportsmanship is all about respect. Good sports re?spect the other players on their teams. They respect the play?ers on opposing teams. They respect coaches, and they also respect the referees or other officials involved in their games.

9 They yell at their teammates and they talk back to coa?ches or referees.

Kids usually learn sportsmanship―good and bad―from the adults in their lives. 10 If parents and coaches show disrespect to other fans, referees, or each other, kids will likely act the same way on the field.

11 Some of them are very basic and easy to do, like shaking hands with other players before a game. Other exam?ples may take a little more courage, such as acknowledging a great play made by the opposing team.

Learning good sportsmanship is important because it helps you develop an attitude of graciousness (礼貌)and re?spect that will carry over into all the other areas of your life!

12 Being a good sport in the classroom will eventually lead to being a good sport in the workplace.

So be a good sport in whatever you do! 13 When others see you acting in a way that makes it clear that winning isn't the most important thing, you can move on to focusing on the important things, like having fun, getting exercise, and improving your skills.

A.     Good sportsmanship can be shown in many ways.

B.     On the contrary, bad sportsmanship is all about disre?spect.

C.     The example you set can be a powerful teaching tool for others.

D.     Players' parents and coaches set examples that kids tend to follow.

E.     We can be good sports by encouraging others but not laughing at them.

F.      Starting as a good sport earlier will help you be a good sport as you get old.

G.     If you're a good sport on the field, you'll also likely be a good sport in the classroom.

B [2015 •齐鲁19所名校高三调研】

Can you believe your eyes? A recent experiment sug?gests that the answer to that question may depend on your age.

Martin Doherty ， a psychologist at the University of Stirling in Scotland,led the team of scientists. In this experi?ment, Doherty and his team tested the perception(观察力〉of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. The re?searchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people. The first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25.

The first group of pictures showed two orange circles alone on a white background. One of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the larger one. Four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 per cent of the time. Adults identified the correct circle 95 per cent of the time.

Next,both groups were shown pictures where the orange circles,again of different sizes, were surrounded by grey cir?cles. Here's where the trick lies. In some of the pictures, the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller grey circles—making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. And the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger grey circles―so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange circle.

 When young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures ?they weren't fooled―they were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. Older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. Older children often identified the smaller circle as the larger one,and adults got it wrong most of the time.

As children get older,Doherty said,their brains may de?velop the ability to identify visual context. In other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once ： the tricky

grey circles,as well as the orange circle in the middle. As a result,they're more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick.

5.Doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate .

A.     children's and adults' eyesight

B.     people's ability to see accurately

C.     children's and adults' brains

D.     the influence of people's age

6.When asked to find the larger circle, .

A.     children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no grey ones around

B.     only adults over 1.8 got it right 95% of the time with grey ones around

C.     children at 4 got it right about 79% of the time with grey ones around

D.     adults got it right most of the time with grey ones around

7.According to the passage, we can know that .

A.     a smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white back?ground

B.     an orange circle appears bigger than a grey one of the same size

C.     a circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real size

D.     a circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size

8.Why aren't younger children fooled?

A.     Because they are smarter than older children and adults.

B.     Because older people are influenced by their experi?ence.

C.     Because people's eyes become weaker as they grow older.

D.     Because their brains can hardly notice related things together.

I.阅读理解

A  [2015'东北三校二联] The stories we share with one another are important. They show wisdom and provide inspiration. They are impor?tant to our development. But sometimes people choose not to tell.

Consider the negative effects of not sharing a story in the news: people are wondering if public health officials are hold?ing back too much information about the recent outbreak of Ebola.

There is a danger in holding back stories that ought to be told. Bobette Buster said it like this, "The fact is history has shown us that stories not told can become like dangerous ge-nies(妖怪，精灵)left in a bottle. When they are finally un?corked, their power to destroy is set free."

  There are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our stories: they often show our weaknesses or expose our disad?vantages; they require courage and strength to share; and of course, there are some stories that should be kept secret―es?pecially those that embarrass someone else.

Most of us have two selves ： the one we display on the outside and the one we actually are on the inside. And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves, the more damage we may be causing to ourselves and to others.

Honesty and openness is important ： it proves we are trustworthy. It displays we are human. We are not perfect or better. It highlights the importance of hard work and person?al development. Hard work may not allow us to overcome our disadvantages completely. But with hard work, we do not have to be restricted to our mistakes.

Does this mean we admit every weakness, every disad?vantage, and every secret regret to everybody we meet? No, of course not. There is a time and a place and a certain level of relationship necessary for some stories to be told in an appropriate manner.

1.What's the function of the example in Paragraph 2?

A.     It reflects that people are concerning about the spread of Ebola.

B.     It shows the bad effect caused by sharing a story.

C.     It proves not sharing a story can cause trouble.

D.     It concludes that one should share a story at a proper time.

2.One of the reasons why people are unwilling to share ex?periences is that .

A.     sharing stories highlights the importance of hard work

B.     people are used to exposing their weaknesses

C.     people sometimes have no courage to share their sto?ries

D.   some stories make themselves feel uneasy

3.Which is close in meaning to the underlined word "uncork?ed" in Paragraph 3?

A.     Freed.

B.     Broken.

C.     Unfolded.

D.     Untouched.

4.The writer aims to convince us to .

A.     be open to people close to you by sharing some secrets

B.     share stories appropriately for the good of others and ourselves

C.     remove the dangers that can be caused by untold stories

D.     realize the importance of being honest when making friends

Ⅱ.完形填空[2015 •沈阳郊联体二模]

Just once I would like to see a celebration of life instead of a gathering of death. A celebration 8 stories are told, laughter rings out, and as the speaker 9 his or her loving tribute(颁词)，the person they are 10 rises from his or her chair and gives them the biggest bear hug! Wouldn't that be 11 ？

I now have a stronger 12 to tell those around me how much they mean to me. I am going to let my wife 13 just how loved and appreciated she is， not only by my 14 ， but also by my actions. I am going to 15 Batman with my four-year-old son more often, and in the middle of our rom?ping (嬉 戏喧 闹)， I am going to grab him, hug him 16 ， and tell him how thankful I am that he is my 17

Each day I will make a 18 of telling both of my boys how much I love them, 19 they are four or eighteen! From there, I am going to let family and friends know the tremendous impact they have 20 on my life. Finally, I am going to let the high school 21 and our coach know that I look forward to each and every minute that I get to 22  with them in the gym.

Don't let another day 23 without letting that person know. There is something special about a written letter that 24 feelings of love towards another. I don't know about you, but I have letters and cards from people that I have 25 for years, and from time to time, I get them out andreread them. They can turn a(n) 26 day into one where I realize just how blessed and luckyI am. Life is too 27 ― to leave kind words unsaid. The words you say, or the letter you write, might just make all the difference in the world.

8. A. when                                    B. how
C.  why                                   D. where

9. A. receives                                B. concludes
C.  forgets                               D. collects

10.A. honouring                             B. admiring
C.  blaming                              D. evaluating

11. A. anything                             B. nothing

C.  something                        D. everything

12. A. excuse                               B. desire
C.  ambition                          D. anxiety

13.A. explain                             B. answer
C.  imagine                            D. know

14.A. words                            B. notes
C.  ideas                            D. plans

15.A. buy                                B. invent
C.  play                             D. produce

16.A. carefully                           B. tightly

C.  curiously                        D. absolutely

17.A. friend                               B. father
C.  brother                             D. son

18. A. point                                B. suggestion
C.  record                               D. promise

19.A. although                             B. until

C.  whether                           D. because

20.  A. taken                              B. had
C.  sent                                D. found

21. A. workers                              B. teachers
C.  singers                           D. players

22. A. spend                               B. waste
C.  seize                                D. pass

23. A. stay up                               B. run out
C.  go by                               D. leave off

24. A. introduces                          B. expresses
C.  includes                           D. displays

25. A. written                                B. drawn
C.  posted                             D. saved

26.A. depressing                          B. exciting
C.  surprising                        D. amusing

27. A. long                                B, short
C.  rich                                D. poor

B  [2015 山东潍坊一模]

The poaching, or illegal killing, of rhinos (犀牛)in South Africa is growing worse each year. The government re?cently reported that a record number of rhinos were poached in 2014， a year which had more rhino killings in South Africa than ever before.

The World Wild Fund for Nature ( WWF) says about 20,000 rhinos live in South Africa. 丁hat is more than 80 per cent of the rhinos in the world. Edna Molewa, South Africa's environmental issues minister, says, "During 2014, we are sad to say this, 1 ，215 rhinos were killed. This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1 ，004 in 2013. This is indeed very worrying.，，

The animals are hunted for their horns(角).Many peo?ple in Asia believe the horn has healing power, which drives poachers, at all costs, mad for more horns. But there is no scientific evidence for this belief. The horn is made of kera?tin. That is the same substance as human hair, fingernails and toenails.

Ms Molewa said 386 suspected poachers were arrested last year, an increase from the year before. But rhino protec?tion workers say poachers often go unpunished after arrest. South Africa's legal system is ineffective.

Ms Molewa said more needs to be done and South Africa is taking strong measures to protect rhinos. The efforts in?clude moving some of the animals to secret places in neigh?bouring countries. "Now approximately 100 rhinos have been moved to neighbouring states in the SADC region during 2014 and 200 more rhinos will be moved this year," Molewa said.

Jo Shaw, rhino programme manager at the WWF， said, "We're talking about a loss of a hundred rhinos a month, or more than three a day. We really need to see effective action not just on a national level but internationally. " She said offi?cials should find the criminal groups responsible for the poac?hing and punish them.

 Conservationists(自然环境保护主义者）and government officials are to meet in Botswana in March at the Intergovern?mental Conference on Illegal Wildlife Trade. They will talk about ways to stop the trade in rhino horns. That may be the only way to stop the killing of rhinos.

4.What do we know about rhinos?

A.     Half of the rhinos live in South Africa.

B.     Less than 1,000 rhinos were killed in 2013.

C.     The killing reached the highest point in 2014.

D.     There are only 20,000 rhinos left in the world.

5.What is the main reason for people to hunt rhinos?

A.     To get more keratin.

B.     To protect the farmland.

C.     To use them for decoration.

D.     To make money from horns.

6.Jo Shaw thinks that____________ .

A.     many criminal groups are well organized

B.     new laws are needed to punish the killers

C.     rhino protection needs international cooperation

D.     conferences about protecting rhinos are to be held every year

7.What can we infer from the passage?

A.     Rhino protection has a long way to go.

B.     No one would like to buy horns in the future.

C.     The illegal killing of rhinos will soon disappear.

D.     Rhinos living in South Africa will be moved to other countries.

I.阅读理解

A [2015 ■盐城时杨中学三调] When I was a child, I had an old neighbour named Doc?tor Gibbs. He didn't look like any doctor I'd ever known. He never yelled at us for playing in his yard, but was always very kind.

When Doctor Gibbs didn't save lives, he planted trees. He had some interesting theories about planting trees. He believed in the principle: "No pain, no gain."He hardly wa?tered his new trees, an attitude which flew in the face of con?ventional wisdom.

Once I asked why and he told me that watering plants spoiled them because it made them grow weaker. He said you had to make things tough for the trees so that only the stron?gest could survive. He talked about how watering trees made them develop shallow roots and how, if they were not wa?tered, trees would grow deep roots in search of water.

So, instead of watering his trees every morning, he'd beat them with a rolled-up newspaper. I asked him why he did that, and he said it was to get the trees' attention.

Doctor Gibbs died a couple of years after I left home. Ev?ery now and then, I walked by his house and looked at the trees that I'd watched him plant some 25 years ago. They were tall and strong.

I planted a couple of trees myself a few years ago. Two years of tending these trees meant they grew up weak. When?ever a cold wind blew, their branches trembled. Adversity seemed to benefit Doctor Gibbs' trees while comfort and ease never could.

Every night before I go to bed, I check on my two sons. I often pray that their lives will be easy. But lately I've been thinking that it's time to change my prayer. I know my chil?dren are going to encounter hardship. There's always a cold wind blowing somewhere. What we need to do is pray for deep roots, so when the rain falls and the wind blows* we won't be torn apart.

1.With those trees planted, Doctor Gibbs often .

 A.     kept watering them every morning

B.     talked to them to get their attention

C.     paid little attention to them

D.     beat them to make them grow deep roots

2.What does the underlined word "Adversity" mean in the sixth paragraph?

A.     Difficult living conditions.

B.     Lack of moisture.

C.     Enough care or attention.

D.     Bad weather.

3.  Which prayer does the author wish for his sons?

A.     Have an easy life, without too much to worry about.

B.      Be able to stand the rain and wind in their lives.

C.      Have good luck, encountering less hardship in their lives.

D.     Meet people like Doctor Gibbs in the future.

V.书面表达[2015 •东北三校高三二模]

近年来大城市交通拥堵严重，影响了人们的生活和经济的发展，对此人们怨声载道。假如你是李华，请根据以下要点用英语给报社写一封信。

1.交通现状及影响；

2.提出改进建议；

3.希望建议被采纳。

注意：1.词数100左右；

      2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

      3.开头语和结尾已为你写好，不计人总词数。

   Dear Editor,

   I am writing to you to talk about the heavy traffic.―

                             Yours, Li Hua