Question

15．Commercial advertisement was once thought of as a technique of the marketers to inform the potential buyers about the availability of certain products．It was seen more as a medium to inform the buyers rather than persuade them to buy．The present day marketers see advertisement as a medium to damage the image of their competitors and their products．This indeed，is an undesirable and an immoral practice．Instead of speaking about their own products，these marketers speak about the drawbacks （often without any basics） of the competing products．
People watching TV advertisements would notice that there has always been an advertisement war between the marketers of different consumer goods．A few such cases are given below．
1．Parachute Coconut Oil vs．V．V．D．Gold
Some time back，the producer of V．V．D Gold Coconut Oil claimed in their TV advertisement that only their products was superior and the one sold in blue colour bottles （the reference was to Parachute coconut oil） was suitable only for un-natural hair．
2．Tata Salt vs．Captain Cook
Tata salt was first iodised （碘处理） salt marketed by an Indian Company．It has been enjoying a good and steady market．Captain Cook，another producer of iodised salt，who entered the market later，had to adopt some strategy to get control of the market．The TV advertisement of Captain Cook stressed on‘Free flow'of their salt when transferred to a container．The producer of Tata Salt retaliated （报复） by saying that the claim of Captain Cook was a trick and those who were quality conscious should deal with it carefully．
3．Pepsi vs．Coco Cola
Coca Cola was selected as the official soft drink for the Wills World Cricket 1996．When the cricket series was on，the marketers of Pepsi constantly advertised on TV．Their advertisement gave the idea that the cricketers liked Pepsi the best and as a matter of fact there was nothing official about it．
4．Horlicks vs．Complan
Sometime back，the TV advertisement of Complan，a health drink directly attacked Horlicks，which has been in the market for several decades．The claim of Complan was that their brand （which according to them was Brand C） has a higher percentage of ingredients （材料） compared to Brand H （reference was nothing but to Horlicks）．
The above examples clearly show how the technique of advertisement is misused by some marketers to ruin the image of their competitors．This，certainly，is not a healthy trend．
Any marketer should only speak about his products and not about his competitors'products．The awareness of consumers has certainly increased over the years and they are no longer easily taken in．There are many consumer products like salt，oil shaving blades etc．But one thing for sure is that offering the same product in a different container will not make the product different．
Mass media like Radio，Television and newspaper should not allow advertisements that tell lies．Legal regulations，in this regard，should also be made stricter．

Comparison of the past and the present
In the past		At present
A technique mainly used for offering information about the products'（46）availability		A trick used as a means of unfair （47）competition
（48）Cases/Examplesgiven	Products	Wrong （49）practice（s）
	V．V．D．Gold	l No product of the kind could （50）matchit．
	Captain Cook	l Captain Cook stressed on their"free flow"when their product was put into a container．
	Tata Salt	l Tata salt warned consumers to be （51）careful．
	Pepsi	l Too much advertisement on TV seemed to say that Pepsi was the cricketers'（52）favorite．
	Complan	l Complan claimed that their product has more ingredients （53）compared  to Brand H．
（54）Solutions	The competitors'products are not （55）allowedto be mentioned in the advertisement． Stricter laws should be made to protect every producers'and consumers'benefits．

Answer 1

分析 短文主要讲了现在的商业广告被错误地用来贬低其他的对手产品，并列举出几个例子，最后针对这问题，提出了解决方案．

解答 46．availability，细节理解题，根据句子Commercial advertisement was once thought of as a technique of the marketers to inform the potential buyers about the availability of certain products可知，商业广告以前被认为是告知潜在消费者某一产品的可获得性，故答案为availability．  
47．competition，推理判断题，根据句子The present day marketers see advertisement as a medium to damage the image of their competitors and their products 可知，现在人们把商业广告看成是一种竞争． 
48．Cases/Examples，标题归纳题，根据后面列举的各个公司的商业广告可知，这些是给出的案例．  
49．practice（s），细节理解题，根据句子This indeed，is an undesirable and an immoral practice可以，这种对竞争者产品的贬低是一种错误的做法．   
 50．match，细节理解题，根据句子 that only their products was superior and the one sold in blue colour bottles （the reference was to Parachute coconut oil） was suitable only for un-natural hair．可知，V．V．D．Gold的广告说同行业的其他产品都不能与其相比．
51．careful，细节理解题，根据句子The producer of Tata Salt retaliated （报复） by saying that the claim of Captain Cook was a trick and those who were quality conscious should deal with it carefully．可知，Tata Salt提醒消费者要注意其他产品的质量问题． 
52．favorite，细节理解题，根据句子Their advertisement gave the idea that the cricketers liked Pepsi the best and as a matter of fact there was nothing official about it可知，百事可乐的广告意在说明其产品为板球运动员的最爱．   
53．compared，细节理解题，根据句子The claim of Complan was that their brand （which according to them was Brand C） has a higher percentage of ingredients （材料） compared to Brand H （reference was nothing but to Horlicks）．可知，Complan声称他们的产品相对比起其他的有着更多的材料．  
54．Solutions，标题归纳题，短文最后一段主要讲的是为了解决上文提到的公司间商业广告的竞争所提出的方法．     
55．allowed，细节理解题，根据句子Any marketer should only speak about his products and not about his competitors'products可知，解决上文出现的问题就是在广告中不能出现其竞争对手的产品．

点评 解答任务型阅读理解题，首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料．其次，细读题材，各个击破．掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息．最后，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性．对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准