题目内容

More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.

This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).

That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.

But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said.

1.What do we learn about the gap year from the text?

A. It is flexible in length.

B. It is a time for relaxation

C. It is increasingly popular

D. It is required by universities

2.According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year ____.

A. are better prepared for college studies

B. know a lot more about their future job

C. are more likely to leave university in debt

D. have a better chance to enter top universities

3.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?

A. He’s puzzled B. He’s worried

C. He’s surprised D. He’s annoyed

4.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?

A. Attend additional courses.

B. Make plans for the new term

C. Earn money for their education

D. Prepare for their graduate studies

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4．Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform to
social pressure when we are with a group of people．In one classie experiment，people were shown a vertical line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three．
You might think that this is an absurdly easy task，and when people perform it by themselves they do it very well．However，psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group．In one study，a group of three people was set up，where two of the people were confederates（同伙）of the experimenter．When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers，people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also．In fact，75% of people gave at least one wrong answer，with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion．
But why do people conform in this way？In an easy task like this，it seems that people do
not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group．On more difficult tasks，people also conform because they lose〔onfidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead．
A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress． Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street？It turns out that you are much more  likely to go to her assistance if you are alone．When other people are also around，a diffusion of responsibility occurs．People are paralysed into inaction，because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman's assistance．

28．In Paragraph 1，the underlined word"conform"probably means"D"
A．seek independence     B．disobey orders
C．seek pleasure         D．follow what others do
29．What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2？ToB
A．explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others
B．prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others
C．train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded
D．describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others
30．In the last paragraph，according to the author，why wouldn't one help the woman？HeD．
A．thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand 
B．thinks he has has nothing to do with it
C．is too shy to give his helping hand           
D．thinks someone else will offer assistance
3l．What method does the author mainly use to develop the text？A
A．Giving examples．
B．Cause-effect analysis．
C．Comparative analysis．
D．Process analysis．

A

Different countries have different greeting customs．Now let's learn more about the greeting customs in different cultures．

France

France people greet each other with a handshake ,but close friends kiss each other on the cheek(面颊）when they meet．They do this when meeting and before leaving．

Korea

In Korea ,it is a sign of respect(尊敬）for people to bow when greeting each other．In Korea, a bow is followed by a handshake．However ,Korea women do not shake hands with western men ,instead ,they bow slightly．

Brazil

Kissing women on the cheek is a common way of greeting．In a formal situation ,a handshake is often done to show respect．Men should shake hands before and after meeting, and once they have become familiar(熟悉的）with each other ,a light hug is often given to each other．

Ghana

In a social situation, it's polite to greet everyone in the room．A handshake is used in greeting,and the palm must directly touch the palm of the other．It's considered impolite to touch the back of the hand．

1.Two close French friends will kiss each other on the when they meet．

A．hand

B．cheek

C．neck

D．arm

2.In Brazil ,it is very common to for two men who know each other well．

A．touch the palm

B．kiss on the cheek

C．bow on each other

D．give a light hug

3.Which is probably the BEST title for the passage ?

A．Greeting Customs in Different Cultures

B．How to Behave Politely

C．All Bad Ways to Greet People

D．Friends Should Greet Each Other

Five years after a donor's bone marrow (骨髓)saved a pair of twin girls’ lives, the girls , Elizabeth and Kathryn ,from Minnesota got the chance to thank the man face to face.

The girls’ mother, Michele, said, “To think that somebody who didn’t know your children was selfless enough to give bone marrow to save them is amazing. They gave him giant hugs and danced the night away with him like they had known him before.”

The meeting came together thanks to Be the Match, a community of donors, volunteers, health care professionals and researchers.

The girl were born with a rare disorder that left them without any blood platelets(血小板).The bone marrow transplant was needed to change their DNA to avoid their organs shutting down.

Michele, her husband, and their son, tested negative when it came to being a match for the girls. They were put on the Be the Match list, which finally found Gruda.

“I become breathless,'' Michele said about finding a match. " because there are still so many things that could go wrong even though you have a donor."

Due to the uncertain result, the girls had to have their transplants done separately. Elizabeth’s was in 2011, and Kathryn’s was in 2012. The two girls also had to undergo chemotherapy(化疗).

The family was finally able to express their gratitude in person after Be the Match flew Gruda to Minnesota from Germany.

Gruda, who has three children of his own, tried to donate to a local girl in his town nearly 30 years ago but was not a match. Five years ago, he received a phone call that he was a match for the sisters and didn't hesitate to donate. His bone marrow was flown from Germany to use in the transplant.” “My three children rejoiced(高兴) that I came through as the best donor for the girls,'' he told Be the Match.

Both sisters are now completely healthy and 100 percent cured.

1.Why did Michele say “I become breathless” when I they found a match?

A. They hadn’t found a match till then.

B. They still feared something bad would happen.

C. All of their family members failed to pass the test.

D. The good news made them very excited.

2.Why did the girls have their transplants done separately?

A. Kathryn was then receiving chemotherapy.

B. Not all the bone marrow had arrived.

C. Because of the uncertain result.

D. The doctors were too busy to do two operations.

3.What do you know about Gruda?

A. He is always ready to donate his bone marrow.

B. He stayed at the twins home till the next day.

C. He has succeeded in helping two German patients.

D. He knew who his bone marrow was donated to well.

4.We can infer from the passage that the twins_____.

A. continue to undergo chemotherapy

B. went to Germany to thank Gruda.

C. go to hospital to get re-examined frequently.

D. have completely recovered from their disease

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The adobe dwellings(土坯房)1.(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even2. most modem of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their3. (able) to “air condition” a house without4. (use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5. (slow) during cool nights, thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6. (cool) the house during the hot day;7.the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle8. (go) day after day; The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset（抵消 for the outside temperatures. As9. (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly10.thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

Developed from ideas by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucianism(儒家思想) is a philosophical and ethical (道德的) system 1.has become an influential part of Chinese culture.

Confucianism was first set up by Confucius. And later it 2.(develop) by philosophers (哲学家) ，including Mencius, Dong Zhongshu, Wang Yangming and others. After Confucianism gained a supreme position in the Han dynasty more than 2,0000 years ago, its influence went into all walks of life and all streams of 3.(think) in Chinese society for the generation to come. Its Junzi philosophy has become 4.standard of many Chinese people.

Confucianism means a lot not only to China, but also to the world. Today, mottos from Confucianism 5.(be) frequently used by foreign officials in their 6.(speech) or talks. People around the globe can have access 7.Confucius ideas in Confucius Institutes and Chinese Culture Centers abroad. The institutes and centers serve as non-profit public institutions 8.(help) foreigners better understand China through language teaching and culture introduction.

To date, China has 9.(successful) opened 465 Confucius Institutes in 123 countries and regions. There are also 713 Confucius Classrooms operating in middle and primary schools. Chinese Culture Centers are introducing China by opening training classes, building libraries, and 10.(hold) cultural activities.
1．

46．For more information about the Beijing Dance Teacher position，you canB．
    A．make a phone call                                  B．send an email
    C．visit the website                                  D．consult expert dancers
47．Considering the monthly salary，which position is the most attractive one？D
    A．A part-time dance teacher in Beijing．
    B．A part-time English tutor is Shanghai．
    C．An English teacher at EF English First．
    D．A NET teacher of PELCC in Hong Kong．
48．If Linda，a retired English teacher aged 61 from New Zealand who has a master's degree，hopes to find a job，she can send her resume toC．
    A．EF English First                 B．PELCC
    C．English Tutor Service Agency     D．Beijing International Dance Studio
49．The advertisements above are most probably foundA．
    A．on the Internet             B．on TB          C．in a newspaper D．in a brochure．
1．Most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime．This is not the way people used to sleep．According to researchers，in earlier times，people divided sleep by first sleeping a few hours，waking up，then going back to sleep．In the first period，you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards．Halfway through the night，you came out of first sleep，you would stay in bed and relax quietly．It was called the watching period．Then you would start to feel sleepy．so would return to bed and tall asleep again for your second sleep．This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived．With no artificial lighting in homes，people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight．
Before the 18th century，people had no gas or electricity in their homes．Fire，candles，or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting．This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns．It made sense for people to go to bed early．
Today，human may consider divided sleep a strange habit，but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern．Dr．Thomas Wehr of the U．S．National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep．He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the older，natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern．Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep．In a research study，he asked 15adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14hours（from 6：00P．M．to 8：00A．M．）．At first，the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep，and then slept 11hours a night．Then overtime，they switched to divided sleep．They fell asleep for about three to five hours in the evening，stay awake for an hour or two，and then slept again for four hours till early morning．
We modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep．However，many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night．We usually consider this a sleeping"problem"．but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior．Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping．A first sleep followed by a relaxation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives．

32．According to the first paragraph，we know the people in the pastB．
A．did not sleep as well as people today
B．divided their sleep into two parts
C．woke up and went out during the night
D．fell asleep easily because of hard work
33．In Paragraph 3，what does the research study suggest？C
A．Divided sleep is a strange way to sleep．
B．Divided sleep means sleeping 11hours in one period．
C．Divided sleep is a natural sleep pattern for humans．
D．Divided sleep occurs when people sleep with artificial lights．
34．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text？A
A．People had a divided sleep pattern only in the 18th century．
B．It may be natural to wake up in the middle of the night．
C．Scientists agree that artificial lighting has changed the way people sleep．
D．Some of the people today are not familiar with the practice of divided sleep．
35．What conclusion does the author make about divided sleep？D
A．It is one type of sleeping problems．
B．It is not the best sleep pattern for everyone．
C．It shouldn't be accepted by modern humans．
D．It could be helpful for people to handle daily stress．
2．      most of these languages are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain．（　　）
A．WhatB．WhichC．ThatD．Who

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