题目内容

4.Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform to
social pressure when we are with a group of people.In one classie experiment,people were shown a vertical line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.
You might think that this is an absurdly easy task,and when people perform it by themselves they do it very well.However,psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group.In one study,a group of three people was set up,where two of the people were confederates(同伙)of the experimenter.When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers,people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also.In fact,75% of people gave at least one wrong answer,with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.
But why do people conform in this way?In an easy task like this,it seems that people do
not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group.On more difficult tasks,people also conform because they lose〔onfidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.
A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street?It turns out that you are much more  likely to go to her assistance if you are alone.When other people are also around,a diffusion of responsibility occurs.People are paralysed into inaction,because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman's assistance.

28.In Paragraph 1,the underlined word"conform"probably means"D"
A.seek independence     B.disobey orders
C.seek pleasure         D.follow what others do
29.What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2?ToB
A.explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others
B.prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others
C.train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded
D.describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others
30.In the last paragraph,according to the author,why wouldn't one help the woman?HeD.
A.thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand 
B.thinks he has has nothing to do with it
C.is too shy to give his helping hand           
D.thinks someone else will offer assistance
3l.What method does the author mainly use to develop the text?A
A.Giving examples.
B.Cause-effect analysis.
C.Comparative analysis.
D.Process analysis.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了心理学家发现,即使是最有主见的人当与一群人相处时也会顺应社会压力,并通过实验证明了人们很容易受到他人意见的影响,因此作者告诉我们要有主见,有自己的决策权.

解答 28.D  词义猜测题,根据第一段Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform tosocial pressure when we are with a group of people.可知心理学家发现,即使是最有主见的人当与一群人相处时也会顺应社会压力,根据前后文可推断有主见的人与大多数人是一样的,因此推知"conform"为顺应,顺从,故选D.
29.B  推理判断题,根据第二段However,psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group.可知本段所描述的实验是为了向我们证明人们很容易受到别人的意见的影响,故选B.
30.D  细节理解题,根据最后一段When other people are also around,a diffusion of responsibility occurs.People are paralysed into inaction,because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman's assistance.可知作者认为一个人不去帮助在街上被袭击的女人是因为旁边还有很多人,他认为其他人会去帮助这个女人,故选D.
31.A  推理判断题,通读全文可知本文中作者主要通过举例子的方式展开对本文的描述,故选A.

点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.

This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).

That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.

But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to£15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said.

1.What do we learn about the gap year from the text?

A. It is flexible in length.

B. It is a time for relaxation

C. It is increasingly popular

D. It is required by universities

2.According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year ____.

A. are better prepared for college studies

B. know a lot more about their future job

C. are more likely to leave university in debt

D. have a better chance to enter top universities

3.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?

A. He’s puzzled B. He’s worried

C. He’s surprised D. He’s annoyed

4.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?

A. Attend additional courses.

B. Make plans for the new term

C. Earn money for their education

D. Prepare for their graduate studies

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