题目内容

1.Most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime.This is not the way people used to sleep.According to researchers,in earlier times,people divided sleep by first sleeping a few hours,waking up,then going back to sleep.In the first period,you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night,you came out of first sleep,you would stay in bed and relax quietly.It was called the watching period.Then you would start to feel sleepy.so would return to bed and tall asleep again for your second sleep.This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived.With no artificial lighting in homes,people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.
Before the 18th century,people had no gas or electricity in their homes.Fire,candles,or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting.This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns.It made sense for people to go to bed early.
Today,human may consider divided sleep a strange habit,but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern.Dr.Thomas Wehr of the U.S.National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep.He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the older,natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern.Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep.In a research study,he asked 15adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14hours(from 6:00P.M.to 8:00A.M.).At first,the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep,and then slept 11hours a night.Then overtime,they switched to divided sleep.They fell asleep for about three to five hours in the evening,stay awake for an hour or two,and then slept again for four hours till early morning.
We modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep.However,many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night.We usually consider this a sleeping"problem".but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior.Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping.A first sleep followed by a relaxation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.

32.According to the first paragraph,we know the people in the pastB.
A.did not sleep as well as people today
B.divided their sleep into two parts
C.woke up and went out during the night
D.fell asleep easily because of hard work
33.In Paragraph 3,what does the research study suggest?C
A.Divided sleep is a strange way to sleep.
B.Divided sleep means sleeping 11hours in one period.
C.Divided sleep is a natural sleep pattern for humans.
D.Divided sleep occurs when people sleep with artificial lights.
34.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?A
A.People had a divided sleep pattern only in the 18th century.
B.It may be natural to wake up in the middle of the night.
C.Scientists agree that artificial lighting has changed the way people sleep.
D.Some of the people today are not familiar with the practice of divided sleep.
35.What conclusion does the author make about divided sleep?D
A.It is one type of sleeping problems.
B.It is not the best sleep pattern for everyone.
C.It shouldn't be accepted by modern humans.
D.It could be helpful for people to handle daily stress.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了睡眠状态的改变历程,最早的时候,人们一睡睡几个小时,醒了,然后回去继续睡;后来,人工照明,改变了人们的睡眠方式,晚上三到五个小时的睡眠,保持清醒一个小时或两个小时,然后再睡四个小时,直到清晨;而现在,我们现代人一般不分时间的睡觉.

解答 32.B.细节理解题.根据第一段"According to researchers,in earlier times,people divided sleep by first sleeping a few hours,waking up,then going back to sleep."可知,过去人们睡觉分为两个阶段,即:先睡几个小时,醒来,然后再睡.故选B.
33.C.细节理解题.根据第三段描述的试验可知,接受试验的人们,最初要花几个小时才能睡着,然后一觉到天亮;后来,他们自然地把睡眠分为两个阶段,与先前的人们一样了.所以我们可知,人类把睡眠分为两个阶段是一种自然状态.故选C.
34.A.推理判断题.根据第三段"Today,human may consider divided sleep a strange habit,but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern."可知,人们有分开的睡眠模式是自然状态,只是环境改变了这一切.所以说只在18世纪人们才有分开的睡眠模式是不对的. 故选A.
35.D.细节理解题.根据最后一段"Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping.A first sleep followed by a relaxation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives."可知,第二阶段睡眠可以帮助我们减少快节奏生活带来的压力.故选D.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.

This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).

That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.

But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to£15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said.

1.What do we learn about the gap year from the text?

A. It is flexible in length.

B. It is a time for relaxation

C. It is increasingly popular

D. It is required by universities

2.According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year ____.

A. are better prepared for college studies

B. know a lot more about their future job

C. are more likely to leave university in debt

D. have a better chance to enter top universities

3.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?

A. He’s puzzled B. He’s worried

C. He’s surprised D. He’s annoyed

4.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?

A. Attend additional courses.

B. Make plans for the new term

C. Earn money for their education

D. Prepare for their graduate studies

13.Friends play an important part in our lives,and although we may take  friendship  for granted,we often don't clearly understand how we make friends.While we get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few.For example,the average among students is about 6per person.In all the cases of friendly relationships,two people like one another and enjoy being together,but beyond that,the degree of closeness between them and the reasons for their shared interests vary greatly.As we get to know people we take into account things like age,race,economic condition,social position,and intelligence.Although these factors are not of prime importance,it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.
Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion,but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs,to have attitudes and interests in common-they often talk about"being on the same wavelength".It generally takes time to reach this point.And the more closely involved people become,the more they rely on one another.People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise.Equally,friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.
In contrast with the marriage,there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people.But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond,which can overcome differences in background,and break down barriers of age,class or race?

32.How does the author understand"friends"in this passage?D
A.Every student has 6friends.
B.Everyone understands clearly how to make friends.
C.All the people who get on well with each other are friends.
D.Friends are closer than those just getting on well with each other.
33.What should we avoid when making friends?D
A.Good economic condition.
B.Argument and discussion.
C.The same race,hobby and nationality.
D.A marked difference in age and background.
34.What do the underlined words"being on the wavelength"mean in Paragraph 2?C
A.Having the same background.
B.Using the same frequency while talking.
C.Having similar ideas,beliefs,attitudes and interests.
D.Keeping the same friendly relationship as other people do.
35.How do people strengthen friendly relationship according to the passage?D
A.To hold friendship ceremonies.
B.To completely get rid of differences in background.
C.To make friends with those who are of the same age and of the same race.
D.To support and understand each other by sharing experiences and emotions.
6.He has breakfast at 2 a.m.because Johnny Barnes,Mr.Happy Man,has work to do.From 4 to 10 a.m.,he greets commuters(每日往返上班者)as they drive by on their way to  work.
For years he worked as an electrician on the Bermuda railway and drove buses.When he  retired,he still wanted to feel useful.So he positions himself on a patch of grass next to a  roundabout that leads into Hamilton,Bermuda's largest city.He smiles and waves at every  single person who passes by.He tells them he loves them-and means it.
In the Matt Morris's short documentary,he says:
I'm just little Johnny Barnes.I'm just a little,small instrument in the hand of God be used any way he feels fit.What I do every day,2:00 in the morning I'm getting my break fast.You're still sleeping[he tells the interviewer],I guess.
From 20 to four until ten I stand on the corner and just greet people,let them know that life is sweet and beautiful.No matter what happens in life,it's always sweet to be alive.
No matter what the weather is like,he is there from Monday to Friday,spreading love.On the rare occasion he is not there,people call the radio station to see if he is OK.
He was 88 when the film was posted in 2012.Every day he was spreading love,straight  from his generous heart.
So well known and beloved is Barnes that the city of Hamilton built up a statue in his honour.The figure wears the same full beard and straw hat that are Barnes's trademarks.So  even when the day comes for the real Johnny Barnes to pass from this life,his smile and his memory will still be at that corner,spreading love to every passer-by.
56.Why does Johnny Barnes smile and wave at every passer-by?C
A.To remind people to keep traffic rules.               
B.To make himself famous and beloved.
C.To spread his love and encouragement.                 
D.To act in Matt Morris's documentary.
57.What can we know about Johnny Barnes?D
A.He remains,working 12 hours a day.
B.He used to work as a bus conductor.
C.He died at the age of 88 in Hamilton.                 
D.A statue was built in honour of him.
58.The attitude of people in Hamilton towards such a behavior isB.
A.unfavorable                          
B.approving      
C.doubtful       
D. cautious
59.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A
A.Mr.Happy Man                        
B.Beautiful Struggle
C.A Special Statue                                       
D.Memorable Travels.

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