题目内容
15.Can you figure out someone's name just by looking at him or hereThe answer may not be a definite"yes",but a study by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem,Israel,found that you would at least have a clue,since people with certain names tend to share similar facial appearances.For example,if someone is named Bob,he's likely to have a round and joyful face,while someone named Tim tends to have a narrower face and a more serious look.
People have long been associating names with certain cultural expectations,which may be responsible for the study's results.For example,a woman named Katherine is usually considered to be more reliable than a girl named Bonnie.Previous studies also found that people with traditionally African-American names such as DeShawn and Jamal are more likely to be seen as dangerous and violent by their teachers and are less likely to be hired in jobs.
These stereotypes(固定模式)have become so widespread that they've even affected how people look at themselves.In fact,people tend to subconsciously(下意识地)change their own personalities to fit into these stereotypes-Katherines may try hard to be trustworthy and Bonnies may care less about the mistakes they make.
"We develop the personality that other people expect us to exhibit,"said lead researcher Yonat Zwebner,according to The Telegraph.In other words,it's not that names change people,but people try to live up to their names.
And our faces may even change over time,based on these stereotypes.
"Usually,we think that faces are very fixed but now we show that they're not,"the study's co-author Ruth Mayo told UK's iNews.
According to Mayo,the use of different facial expressions can allow people to develop different looks."If you smile a lot,you have different wrinkles around your eyes and your mouth from if you frown(皱眉)a lot,"she said.
32.Why did the author use tile names Bob and Tim as an example?D
A.To prove the influence of names on our emotions.
B.To present the cultural expectations of certain names.
C.To show the correct method of guessing someone's name.
D.To explain the possible connections between names and looks.
33.Which of the following are considered cultural stereotypes by the author?C
a.A boy named Tim tends to be cautious.
b.A boy named Jamal tends to be violent.
c.A boy named DeShawn appears dangerous.
d.A girl named Bonnie is likely to be seen as joyful.
e.A gird named Katherine is usually considered trustworthy.
A.abe B.ade C.bce D.bcd
34.Which of the following would Yonat Zwebner probably agree with?B
A.People's faces become fixed as they grow into adults.
B.The way people are looked at changes their personalities.
C.People could change their personalities by using different names.
D.People should focus on sound and meaning when choosing names.
35.What might be the best title for the passage?A
A.Name may make looks
B.Name can change people
C.Appearance may affect jobs
D.Appearance can carry culture.
分析 本文讲述了一个奇特现象,人们往往可以通过一个人的名字来推测出他的相貌.这是因为当一个人被命名时,他就会朝着人们所认为的方向变化.最后随着时间的推移,就会长成与名字相符合的相貌.
解答 32~35.DCBA
32.D 考查推理判断.根据文中的描述"if someone is named Bob,he's likely to have a round and joyful face,while someone named Tim tends to have a narrower face and a more serious look",句意:如果有人叫鲍勃,他可能会有一个快乐的脸,而一个叫蒂姆的人往往有一个窄的脸,看起来更严肃.作者此处是举例子以说明名字与外貌间的某种联系.故选D.
33.C 考查细节理解,"stereotypes"这一词出现在第三段"These stereotypes(固定模式)have become so widespread",所以我们要往第二段查找,可以找出第二段中的 Jamal、DeShawn、Katherine的例子.故选C.
34.B 考查细节理解,根据"people tend to subconsciously(下意识地)change their own personalities to fit into these stereotypes",人们倾向于下意识地改变自己的个性以适应这些刻板印象,所以说是人们看待他们的方式改变了他们的个性.故选B.
35.A 考查主旨大意,根据"And our faces may even change over time,based on these stereotypes"可知,一个人会因为刻板印象,而朝着人们的固有思维变化.最后随着时间的推移,就会长成与名字相符合的相貌.所以说一个人的名字也许可以决定他的外貌.故选A.
点评 在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节,分析文章结构,根据上下文内在联系,挖掘文章的深层含义,对于暗含在文章中行为动机,事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析,进一步增强理解能力,抓住材料实质性的东西.
This is an episode from a 1960science fiction story.The women in the story(39)Dbirth to children that have the(40)Bappearance.They (41)Dhave blond hair and"strange eyes".(42)Cthe children grow,they run around the village in a pack,(43)Bthe same clothing and hairstyles,stating at everyone (44)C. (45)Done child learns is also known by the others immediately.Villagers begin to(46)Atheir belief that the children all have"one mind."In this story,the children are(47)Bby some unexplained force from outer space.But this story(48)A40years ago(49)C predicted the arrival of a recent method of genetic engineering cloning.Cloning is the genetic process of producing copies of an individual.Will the genetic copies of a human reall have"one mind"as(50)Bin this story?This situation is so strange(51)Dus that we do not know what will(52)Dof it.(53)Awith this new situation,people have(54)Bto find out how to(55)Bit.
36.A.dislike | B.unlike | C.alike | D.like |
37.A.people | B.women | C.men | D.youths |
38.A.Then | B.When | C.Since | D.And |
39.A.send | B.make | C.take | D.give |
40.A.pretty | B.same | C.ugly | D.funny |
41.A.every | B.both | C.themselves | D.all |
42.A.If | B.For | C.As | D.So |
43.A.having on | B.wearing | C.in | D.with |
44.A.lonely | B.bravely | C.impolitely | D.patiently |
45.A.Which | B.While | C.Where | D.What |
46.A.express | B.wonder | C.select | D.argue |
47.A.given | B.produced | C.created | D.taken out |
48.A.written | B.being written | C.to be written | D.writes |
49.A.sometimes | B.anyway | C.somehow | D.anyhow |
50.A.describes | B.described | C.describe | D.describing |
51.A.for | B.at | C.with | D.to |
52.A.happen | B.occur | C.appear | D.become |
53.A.Faced | B.Compared | C.Covered | D.Filled |
54.A.not | B.yet | C.till | D.though |
55.A.do with | B.deal with | C.make | D.settle. |