题目内容

9.The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countries.In African countries,the WHO says the number of over-weight or obese children is twice as high as it was 20 years ago.Around the world,about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2013.
    Overweight and obese children are more likely to become overweight and obese adults.The
condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases.
     Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development.He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often,which has a high sugar,fat and salt content.He also says people are gaining weight because of their lack of activities.They travel in cars or other vehicles more than on foot.
     The WHO experts say to lower obesity rates is especially complex in countries that also deal with high rates of infectious(感染性的) diseases.
     The WHO has some basic solutions for individuals and countries.The organization says you should lower your intake of fat,sugar,salt and processed food and eat more fruits,'vegetables and increase physical activity.The WHO says these actions are especially important for children.
     And WHO expert Branca says mothers should breastfeed their babies for at least the first six months of life,if possible.More importantly,governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help.In his view,government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar,fat and salt."Reducing the number of overweight children will not be easy.The goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries."he adds.
51.What is the main idea of Paragraph l?B
A.Children in developing countries generally weigh too much.
B.Overweight children in developing countries have increased greatly.
C.The number of overweight children in the world has doubled.
D.The World Health Organization has increased greatly.
52.According to Branca,people are becoming overweight because of their changes inA
A.lifestyles                     B.transportation
C.physical condition             D.school educational.
53.Which of the following word can best replace the underlined word in Paragraph 2?D
A.cure         B.prevent       C.worsen        D.cause
54.According to WHO,which of the following is true?C
A.Poor nutrition is often related to children obesity.
B.To lower infectious disease rates is more complex than to lower obesity rates.
C.Eating less sugar and more vegetables helps lower obesity rates.
D.Increasing  physical activity is most effective to lower obesity rates.
55.What can we learn from the last Paragraph?B
A.Babies breastfed aren't likely to become overweight.
B.Governments should play a necessary role in fighting obesity.
C.Food producers should be stopped from marketing,food to children.
D.The number of overweight children decreases easily in wealthy countries.

分析 本文主要介绍了在发展中国家过度肥胖的孩子的数量在增加,这会使他们在以后的生活中产生很多的问题.文章提出了导致这些问题的原因和解决这样问题的措施.

解答 51.B 段落大意题.根据第一段The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countries.可知在发展中国家过度肥胖的孩子的数量在增加.故选B.
52.A 细节理解题.根据第三段 Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development.He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often,which has a high sugar,fat and salt content.可知根据Branca所说,人们变胖是因为生活方式的改变.故选 A.
53.D 词义辨析题.根据第二段The condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases.可知这种情况会导致严重的像心脏病这样的问题,由此推知"generate"的意思是"导致".故选D.
54.C 细节理解题.根据第五段The organization says you should lower your intake of fat,sugar,salt and processed food and eat more fruits,'vegetables and increase physical activity.The WHO says these actions are especially important for children.可知根据WHO所说,少吃糖多吃蔬菜可以有助于降低肥胖的几率.故选C.
55.B 细节理解题.根据最后一段More importantly,governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help.In his view,government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar,fat and salt.可知政府应该在对抗肥胖中发挥必要的作用.故选B.

点评 本文考察学生的理解推断能力以及细心程度,只要抓住文章的关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节,就能找到正确答案.

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7.Science can't explain the power of pets,but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack,reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.
Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings.For some,an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife.A 2002study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people-half of them pet owners-while they performed 5minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water.Subjects completed the tasks alone,with a husband/wife,a close friend or with a pet.People with pets did it best.Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates.With pets in the room,people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions.It seems people feel more relaxed (放松)around pets,says Allen,who thinks it may be because pets don't judge.
A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits.Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56people without pets were put on a diet program.On average,people lost about I1pounds,or 5% of their body weight.Their dogs did even better,losing an average of 12pounds,more than 15% of their body weight.Dog owners didn't lose any more weight than those without dogs but,say researchers,got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs-and found it worth doing.

32.What does the text mainly discuss?A
A.What pets bring to their owners.
B.How pets help people calm down.
C.People's opinions of keeping pets.
D.Pet's value in medical research.
33.We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well ifA
A.he has a pet companion
B.he has less stress of work
C.he often does mental arithmetic
D.he is taken care of by his family
34.According to Allen,why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?C
A.They have lower blood pressure.
B.They become more patient.
C.They are less nervous.
D.They are in higher spirits.
35.The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports thatA
A.people with dogs did more exercise
B.dogs lost the same weight as people did
C.dogs liked exercise much more than people did
D.people without dogs found the program unhelpful.
8.My father was a foreman of a sugar-cane plantation in Rio Piedras,Puerto Rico.My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields.I would walk behind an ox,guiding him with a broomstick.For 1 a day,I worked eight hours straight,with no food breaks.
  It was very tedious work,but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us,I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.I've never been late for any job since.I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for.More importantly,I earned my pay,it never entered my mind to say I was sick just because I didn't want to work.
  I was only six years old,but I was doing a man's job.Our family needed every dollar we could make because my father never earned more than $18 a week.Our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirty floor and no toilet.Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother,father,two brothers and three sisters.This gave me self-esteem(自尊心),one of the most important things a person could have.
When I was seven,I got work at a golf course near our house.My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed,so the golfers could find them.Losing a ball meant you were fired,so I never missed one.Some nights I would lie in bed and dream of making thousands of dollars by playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.
The more I dreamed,the more I thought.Why not?I made my first golf club out of guava limb (番石榴树枝) and a piece of pipe.Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball.And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth.I practiced with the same devotion and intensity.I learned working in the field---except now I was driving golf balls with club,not oxen with a broomstick.

26.The writer's first job wasC.
A.to stand down the fairway at the golf course
B.to watch over the sugar-cane plantation
C.to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields
D.to spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them
27.The underlined word"tedious"in Paragraph 2 most probably meansB.
A.difficult        
B.boring        
C.interesting        
D.unusual
28.The writer learned thatD from his first job.
A.he should work for those who he liked most
B.he should work longer than what he was expected
C.he should never fail to say hello to his owner
D.he should show respect and faith to the people he worked for
29.C gave the writer self-esteem.
A.Having a family of eight people
B.Owning his own golf course
C.Bringing money back home to help the family
D.Helping his father with the work on the plantation
30.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passageA?
A.He wanted to be a successful golfer.
B.He wanted to run a golf course near his house.
C.He was satisfied with the job he got on a plantation.
D.He wanted to make money by guiding oxen with a broomstick.
5.Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in tight job market.
Bob Crossley,a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day."It's amazing how many candidates eliminate (淘汰) themselves,"he says."Resumes (简历) arrive with faults.Some candidates don't bother to spell the company's name correctly.Once I see a mistake,I refuse the candidates,"Crossley concludes,"If they cannot take care of these details,why should we trust them with a job?"
Can we pay too much attention to details?Absolutely not.
Perfectionists(完美主义者) struggle over little things instead of something larger they work toward."To keep from losing the forest for the trees,"says Charles Garfield,the professor at the University of California,San Francisco,"We must constantly ask ourselves how the details we're working will influence the larger picture.If they don't,we should drop them and move to something else."
Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA."The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90percent of the time,"says Garfield."But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact position of our goal.This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary."Knowing where to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.
Again and again,we see that by doing little things within our grasp well,large rewards follow.
67.According to the passage,some job applicants were refused because they areB.
A.too limitedly educated to write a perfect resume
B.so careless that they make some spelling mistakes in their resume
C.so careless that they forget the company's name
D.too foolish to spell the company's name correctly
68.From the passage,we can infer that a perfectionist willD.
A.change their goals as the situations change
B.lose their jobs by paying too much attention to details
C.pay attention to details as much as to their major goals
D.pay attention to details more than their major goals
69.Garfield makes his opinion believable byC.
A.giving ideas of experts              B.offering examples of resumes
C.providing an example of his work.D.showing the results of experiments
70.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?A

I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point (次要点)C:Conclusion.
4.Among all the fast growing science and technology,the research of human genes,or biological engineering as people call it,is drawing more and more attention now.Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.
The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with,such as cancer and heart disease.Every year,millions of people are murdered by these two killers.And to date,doctors have not found an effective way to cure them.But if the gene technology is applied,not only these two diseases can be cured completely,bringing happiness and more living days to the patients,but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved,therefore it benefits the economy as well.In addition,human life span(寿命) can be prolonged.
Gene technology can help people to give birth to healthy and clever children.Some families,with the English imperial family being a good example,have hereditary(遗传的) diseases.This means their children will for sure have the family disease,which is a great trouble for these families.In the past,doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases.But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly.The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it,and a healthy child will be born.
Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities.In the past few years,scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep,therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned.But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities,for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way.Of course,the government must take care to control gene technology.

66.What does"these two killers"in the second paragraph refer to?C
A.Gene technology and another treatment of the two diseases.
B.The two murderers who killed the cloned baby.
C.The two diseases of cancer and heart disease.
D.Hereditary diseases and cancer.
67.What's the main idea of the third paragraph?A
A.How gene technology can be applied in the field of treating hereditary diseases.
B.Gene technology can be used to clone human babies.
C.Gene technology can help people to give birth to a baby.
D.Gene technology can help the English imperial family out.
68.In what way gene technology can help to treat hereditary diseases?B
A.Using gene technology,people with hereditary diseases can have more living days.
B.Using gene technology,the scientist finds the wrong gene and corrects it.
C.Using gene technology,human babies can be cloned.
D.Doctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of gene technology.
69.What is the main purpose of writing this passage?A
A.Expressing the writer's idea that gene technology will benefit people.
B.Telling people the disadvantages of gene technology.
C.Telling the readers that gene technology will not benefit people.
D.Explaining that gene technology will also do harm to the humanity.
18.The Cunning Cat and His Company
The Cat was nine years old.To celebrate his birthday,he sent out(61)invitations (invite) to all his neighbors.
Everyone was glad to go.Next Monday at 5o'clock in the afternoon,the Cat's neighbors began arriving.(62)By half past five the room was full(63)wherethere were all sorts of birds,sparrows,swallows,woodpeckers and (64)other small animals.
"Welcome,"said the Cat."It (65)promises (promise) to be a wonderful party.I can't tell you how(66)pleased (please) I am to see you all.Make yourselves at home."
"Thank you,"they said."But where's the entertainment?"
"You,"said the Cat,smiling."I expect you to entertain yourselves as well as me."
They were somewhat surprised,(67)but they did not want to displease the Cat.So the birds chirped,sang their (68)latest (late) songs,circled in midair,dived from the ceiling.The squirrels and chipmunks made up a game of hide-and-seek.Then they grew tired.They also grew hungry.
"And now,"they said,"Where's the dinner?"
"You again,"said the Cat,(69)locking (lock) the door."You are the dinner."And,one by one,he began to eat the guests.
Next morning,all that (70)was left (leave) of the Cat's party was a large heap of fur and feathers.
Don't put your trust in fancy promises.
10.Lack of sleep"switches off'genes
One week of bad sleep can"switch off"hundreds of genes and raise the risk of a host of illnesses which iS linked to higher bodyweights or heart disease,scientists claim.(71)AGetting fewer than six hours'sleep per night can switch off genes in the body according to a new study.
Our bodies depend on genes to produce a constant supply of proteins which are used to replace or repair damaged tissue,but after a week of lacking in sleep some of genes stopped working.(72)GScientists from Surrey University divided 26volunteers into two groups,one of which slept for less than six hours per night for a whole week,and one which slept for ten hours per night.At the end of the week each group was kept awake for 40hours and donated blood samples,which were studied to examine the effects of their sleep states.(73)B
Although a week's normal sleep was enough to restore the affected genes to their normal pattern,researchers said that long periods of sleeplessness could lead to serious health problems including heart disease.
(74)FProf Colin Smith,one of the authors of the new paper,which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal,said:"This is only a week of short time sleeping and it is only five and a half or six hours night,Many people have that amount of sleep for weeks,months and maybe,even years so we have no idea how much worse it might be."
If these processes continue to be disordered,you could see how you are going to get damage of organs,tissues,heart disease,etc.(75)E

A.Genes in our bodies play a key role in the constant process of self-repair.
B.The group of lack of sleeping was found to have changed the function of 711genes.
C.The other participants were monitored as they slept with their rest disturbed on some of the nights.
D.The results suggest that shorter sleep provides a more permissive environment only for heart disease.
E.If you are not able to repair cells and tissues that are damaged then you are going to suffer    permanent ill health.
F.Studies have also shown the lack of sleep can lead to some other problems,for example limiting    our ability to drive a car safely.
G.The findings suggest that long-lasting lack of sleep could prevent the body from fully repairing       itself and raise the risk of a host of diseases.

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