题目内容

When did you last see a polar bear(北极熊)? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3℃,and the water temperature was a little higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.
Doctors don't agree about the medical effects of cold-winter swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.
The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system(循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming.
The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim all year round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, "When I go into water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away."
小题1:The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements except that____.
A．they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months
B．they must reach the age of 60
C．they should be easy to make friends with
D．they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February
小题2:According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that_____.
A．polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water
B．cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high
C．you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue
D．cold-water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter
小题3:The Polar Bears like to swim year-round, for_____.
A．it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter
B．they can remain young
C．they find it enjoyable and interesting
D．they might meet fewer troubles in life
小题4:The passage is mainly about_____.
A．the requirements of the Polar Bear Club
B．a group of cold-water-swimming lovers
C．the Polar Bears' life in New York
D．doctors' ideas about cold-water swimming

小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:B

试题分析:
小题1:细节题，由第一段第六行New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.可以知道答案，故选B。
小题2:细节题，由第二段第二行Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops.可以知道答案，因此，答案为 D。
小题3:细节题，由最后一段第二句话The Polar Bears love to swim all year round; they find it fun and relaxing.可以知道答案，故选C。
小题4:推理题，由文章的主要意思“北极熊爱在冷水里引出人能否在较冷水里洗澡”，所以可以推出文章主要写给爱在冷水里洗澡的爱好者，所以选B
点评：本文说明了人能否在冷水里洗澡。对于文章中的细节题，要注意文章中的细节的理解。对于推理题，要求学生有很强的推理能力，能从已给出的句子推出未知的。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
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In the past, man did not have to think about the protection of his environment.  There were few people on the earth,  and natural resources（资源） seemed to be    26 .
Today things are 27 , the world has become too   28  . We are using up our natural resources too quickly, and at the same time we are  29 our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this,  human life on the earth will not   30 .
Everyone 31 today that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left.  Yet, with modern fishing  32  , more and more fish are caught.  We know that if too many trees are cut down,  33 will disappear and nothing will grow on the land. Yet, we  34 to use bigger and more powerful machines to 35 more and more trees.
We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories, we will die. ___36,   in most countries wastes are 37  put into rivers or into the sea, and there are 38  laws to stop this. We know, too, that if the   39 of the world continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years there will not be enough food. What can we do to  40 these problems ?
If we eat more vegetables and less   41 , there will be more food available for everyone.  Land that is used to grow crops   42 five times more people than land where animals are kept.  Our natural resources will  43 longer if we learn to recycle them.  The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth 44   .
Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems, we shall have a better and cleaner     45  in the future.
小题1:
A．beautifulB．unlimitedC．rareD．valuable
小题2:
A．commonB．the sameC．changeableD．different
小题3:
A．crowdedB．smallC．dirtyD．busy
小题4:
A．protectingB．savingC．pollutingD．fighting
小题5:
A．breatheB．surviveC．drinkD．move
小题6:
A．wondersB．realizesC．considersD．discovers
小题7:
A．polesB．boatsC．methodsD．ideas
小题8:
A．mountainsB．the seaC．treesD．forests
小题9:
A．continueB．stopC．keepD．go on
小题10:
A．growB．plantC．saveD．cut down
小题11:
A．ThusB．HoweverC．ButD．Therefore
小题12:
A．stillB．evenC．alsoD．certainly
小题13:
A．too manyB．a fewC．someD．few
小题14:
A．productionB．pollutionC．population D．pronunciation
小题15:
A．workB．dealC．solveD．serve
小题16:
A．fruitB．meatC．fishD．grain
小题17:
A．feedsB．increasesC．suppliesD．helps
小题18:
A．useB．stayC．keepD．last
小题19:
A．controlB．bornC．planD．reward
小题20:
A．natureB．seaC．planetD．forest
Elderly adults who regularly drink green tea may stay more agile (敏捷的) and independent than their peers over time, according to a Japanese study that covered thousands of people.
Green tea contains antioxidant chemicals (抗氧化物) that may help stop the cell damage that can lead to disease. Researchers have been studying green tea’s effect on everything from cholesterol (胆固醇) to the risk of certain cancers, with mixed results so far.
They found those who drank the most green tea were the least likely to develop “functional disability”, or problems with daily activities or basic needs, such as dressing or bathing.
Specifically, almost 13 percent of adults who drank less than a cup of green tea per day became functionally disabled, compared with just over 7 percent of people who drank at least five cups a day.
The study did not prove that green tea alone kept people agile as they grew older. Green-tea lovers generally had healthier diets, including more fish, vegetables and fruit, as well as more education, lower smoking rates, fewer heart attacks and strokes, and greater mental sharpness. They also tended to be more socially active and have more friends and family to rely on. But even with those factors accounted for, green tea itself was tied to a lower disability risk, the researchers said.
People who drank at least five cups a day were one-third less likely to develop disabilities than those who had less than a cup per day. Those people who averaged three or four cups a day had a 25 percent lower risk.
Although it’s not clear how green tea might offer a buffer (缓冲) against disability, Tomata’s team did note that one recent study found green tea extracts (提取物) seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women.
While green tea and its extracts are considered safe in small amounts, they do contain caffeine and small amounts of vitamin K, which means it could affect drugs that prevent blood clotting (凝固).
小题1:What can be learned from the passage?
A．Antioxidant chemicals can lead to disease.
B．Those who often drank green tea can’t develop “functional disability”.
C．“Functional disability” is related to problems with daily activities or basic needs.
D．People who drank at least five cups a day are not likely to become functionally disabled.
小题2:What does the fifth paragraph mainly tell us?
A．How the study was proved.B．Why green tea-lovers can keep agile.
C．What healthier diets include.D．How to lower disability risk.
小题3:What have the Researchers discovered?
A．Those who drank green tea can't develop “functional disability”.
B．Green tea alone kept people agile as they grew older.
C．How green tea might offer a buffer against disability.
D．Green tea extracts (提取物) seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women.
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When we think about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, a pinnacle (顶点) of sheer (纯粹的) delight. And those pinnacles seem to get rarer the older we get.
 1   I remember playing police and robbers in the woods, getting a speaking part in the school play. Of course, kids also experience lows, but their delight at such peaks of pleasure as winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved.
For teenagers, or people under 20 the concept of happiness changes.   2   I can still feel the pain of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to. I also remember the great happiness of being invited at another event to dance with a very handsome young man.
In adulthood the things that bring great joy—birth, love, marriage—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss.   3   For adults, happiness is complex.
 4   But I think a better definition of happiness is “ the ability to enjoy something”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It's easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even good health.
While happiness may be more complex for us, the solution is the same as ever. Happiness isn't about what happens to us; it’s the ability to find a positive for every negative, and view a difficulty as a challenge.   5  
A．Love may not last; loved ones die.
B．For a child, happiness has a magic quality.
C．Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life.
D．Being happy doesn’t mean that everything is perfect.
E. The dictionary defines “happy” as “lucky” or “ fortunate”.
F. It's not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we do possess.
G. Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love, and popularity.
A little stress is good, since it helps you keep motivated to meet your goals. However, too much stress is bad for your health. Stress needs to be managed in order to prevent anxiety (焦虑). Here are some tips on how to manage stress.
Write it out
Write down everything that seems stressful, and ways to deal with each problem. You’ll find a things-to-do list much easier to manage than having all messed up in your head. Write down the tasks along with the specific times when you can do them.
One task at a time
Give each task all your attention while you’re doing it, and forget the rest. This will keep you from feeling anxious about things you have left to do. Thinking about other tasks only adds unnecessary stress, and can even stop you from doing the task you’re busy with at present. You don’t need to do everything all at once, or on your own. The feeling of being pressed to finish something on time will somehow disappear if someone is there to help you.
Give yourself a reward
Rewarding yourself for what you’ve already done, no matter how small, is a great way to motivate yourself to keep going. It will reduce stress, and make you happier to go on with the next task.
Give yourself a break
Breaks of ten to fifteen minutes are important. Visit a cafe or take a quick walk —anything to take your mind off the work for a while. If you need to stay at work, sit with your eyes closed and imagine a peaceful place or some other relaxing scenes. This will remove the stress from your muscles and mind.
小题1:The best title for the passage would probably be _____.
A．Stress Is Good or Not
B．How to Form Good Working Habits
C．Tips on How to Manage Stress
D．Ways to Keep Healthy
小题2:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A．It’s better to plan a specific time to do the task.
B．It helps you stay motivated to think about the undone tasks.
C．It’s unnecessary for you to do all the tasks by yourself.
D．It helps if you put your attention to one task at a time.
小题3:Which of the following would the author agree?
A．The more stress you have, the more motivated you will be.
B．Writing down everything seems impossible.
C．Only reward yourself for your biggest achievements in your work.
D．It is necessary to have a break during your work.
小题4:What can we learn from the passage?
A．Stress is always bad for people.
B．Imagining a relaxing scene may help.
C．The best way to relax is by rewarding yourself.
D．Finishing tasks on time reduces stress.
Every hour spent in watching TV, DVDs and videos as an adult reduces life expectancy by almost 22 minutes, a study suggests. And viewing TV for an average of six hours a day can cut short your life by five years.
The research claims that a sedentary(久坐的) lifestyle is as bad for health as smoking and obesity, because of the dangers caused by inactivity and the greater opportunities it offers for unhealthy eating.
The academics conducting the study set out to calculate the overall risk to life expectancy from watching television. Their research involved more than 11,000 people over the age of 25.
Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, they concluded. "TV viewing time may be associated with a loss of life, which is similar to other major chronic disease risk factors such as physical inactivity and obesity."
The researchers, from the University of Queensland, used information from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, together with population and death rate data.
But they said: "Although we used Australian data, the effects in other industrialized and developing countries are likely to be similar, considering the large amounts of time spent watching TV and similarities in disease patterns." In the United Kingdom, the average amount of time spent watching TV is four hours a day, compared with five hours in the United States.
Earlier this year, a separate study suggested the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease, or dying early, rises by as much as 20 percent after just two hours a day in front of the box.
England's Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies, said: "Physical activity offers huge benefits and these studies back what we already know - that a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks. We hope these studies will help more people realize that there are many ways to get exercise."
小题1:We can learn from the passage that_______
A．whether you watch TV or not has nothing to do with how long you will live
B．if an adult watches TV for six hours every day, he will die five years earlier
C．physical inactivity and obesity won't shorten your life
D．a sedentary lifestyle offers huge benefits.
小题2:The word "it" in the second paragraph refers to
A．a sedentary lifestyle B．eating C．smoking D．obesity
小题3:What do we know from the last three paragraphs?
A．People in the United Kingdom watch TV longer than those in the United States.
B．That a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks isn't supported by other studies.
C．Watching TV for two hours a day will increase the risk of illnesses or dying early by 20%.
D．It is through these studies that we know a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks.
小题4:The passage is intended to _______.
A．inform the readers of a research on watching TV
B．warn the readers of the harm of watching TV and hope they do sports
C．tell the readers watching TV is also a good way to relax
D．tell the readers large amounts of people often watch TV

Vitamin D helps bones and muscles grow strong and healthy. Low levels of vitamin D can lead to diseases such as rickets (佝偻病), mainly found in children. The thinning of bone is a common problem as people, especially women, get older.
But more and more research is suggesting that vitamin D might also help prevent many diseases. The easiest way to get vitamin D is from sunlight. The sun’s ultraviolet (紫外线的) rays react with skin cells to produce vitamin D. But many people worry about getting skin cancer and skin damage from the sun. As a result they stay out of the sun. Also, darker-skinned people produce less vitamin D than lighter-skinned people. The amount also decreases in older people and those living in northern areas that get less sunlight.
Not many foods naturally contain vitamin D. Foods high in this vitamin include oily fish and fish liveroils (鱼肝油). Farmed fish have only about one-fourth as much vitamin D as wild fish. Small amounts of vitamin D are found in beef liver, cheese and egg yolks. But most of the vitamin D in the American diet comes from foods such as milk.
Research in the last several years has shown that low levels of vitamin D may increase the risk of heart attacks in men and deaths from some cancers. More doctors are now having their patients tested for their vitamin D levels. But as research continues, some experts worry that if people take too much vitamin D, it might act as a poison. Also, skin doctors warn people to be careful with sun exposure because of the risk of skin cancer.
小题1:The first paragraph is mainly about 　　　　.
A．the muscle diseasesB．the sources of vitamins
C．the importance of healthD．the functions of vitamin D
小题2:Which of the following people produce the least amount of vitamin D?______
A．Elderly darker-skinned people.B．Young lighter-skinned people.
C．Elderly lighter-skinned people.D．Young darker-skinned people.
小题3: People can get the most vitamin D from 　　　　.
A．beef liverB．cheeseC．wild fishD．farmed fish
小题4:What can we infer from the text?_________
A. Being exposed to sunlight is the safest way to get vitamin D.
B. Lack of vitamin D can make people age quickly.
C. Proper vitamin D levels people need are still not determined now.
D. The vitamin D level is higher in men than in women.
Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to one's life. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.
But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures could be obtained, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33%—from 8.8 million to 11.7 million—according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America.
For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect work,” said Arnold E. Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve work.”
Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better work is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not grown-ups. “The literature,” says one researcher,  Dr Earnest Polite at the University of Texas, “is poor.”
小题1:The main idea of the passage is that _______.
A．breakfast has nothing to do with people's health
B．a good breakfast used to be important to us
C．breakfast is not as important to us as gasoline to a car
D．breakfast is not as important as we thought before
小题2:For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that _______.
A．several studies have been done in the past few years
B．the omission of breakfast has little effect on one’s work
C．grown-ups have especially made studies in this field
D．eating little in the morning is good for health
小题3:The underlined part “nor does giving people breakfast improve work” means  _______.
A．people without breakfast can improve their work
B．not giving people breakfast improves work
C．having breakfast does not improve work, either
D．people having breakfast do improve their work, too
小题4:The word "literature" in the last sentence refers to _______.
A．stories, poems, play, etc
B．written works on a particular subject
C．newspaper articles
D．the modern literature of America
小题5:What is implied but not stated by the author is that _______.
A．breakfast does not affect work
B．Dr Polite works at an institution of higher learning
C．not eating breakfast might affect the health of children
D．Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London
What kind of sports impressed you most during your childhood? Maybe racing around the playground or skipping rope for hours would bring you pleasure. At that time you weren’t thinking of fitness, you were just thinking of entertainment. But in this age of high-tech home equipment and underused gym memberships, the simple joy of jumping rope has been forgotten. I think rediscovering it probably will give you a total-body exercise.
Although considered an excellent form of exercise, jumping rope has never received widespread acceptance because of two reasons. First,most people recognize jumping rope as an excellent form of cardiovascular (心血管的) exercise, but they also believe that it is simply too difficult. In other words, they don’t think they’ll be able to continue jumping for the near 20 minutes in order to achieve a beneficial physical effect. Second, many regard it as somewhat boring and overly repetitive —not as something fun or enjoyable.
As a matter of fact, jumping rope can be great fun as long as you find a proper way to practise it. Instead of doing the usual two-foot bounce(跳) over and over again, players good at rope-jumping often change their pattern every 10 or 20 jumps. A single bounce, a double –bounce , a skip, a knee-up, side swings , as well as a variety of other easy-to-learn free-style rope-jumping .
Nowadays researchers are discovering that jumping rope also prepares the brain for learning . It is an exercise allowing both brain hemispheres（半球）to perform equallyto each other . In short, jumping rope can be a life-long activity requiring little equipment, time and space , yet leading to a much healthier life.
小题1:The main purpose of the first paragraph is to tell us that         .
A．people would rather have exercise in a gym than do sports outside
B．there seems to be too much advanced equipment for people to use
C．racing around the playground was regarded as children’s favorite sport
D．jumping rope has escaped from people’s memories in modern society
小题2:One reason that can explain why rope jumping has not spread widely is that_____.
A．it benefits the cardiovascular system
B．it is too difficult for people to learn to jump
C．it is believed to be boring and repetitive
D．it requires little equipment, time and space
小题3:The first sentence in Paragraph 3 implies that       in rope jumping .
A．there is only one proper way to follow
B．the usual way should not be used again
C．the easiest way is always the best one
D．there are different kinds of ways to follow
小题4:According to the researchers , jumping rope          .
A．only prepares the brain for learning
B．is suitable for students only
C．helps both brain hemispheres work together
D．can be dangerous for old people
小题5:What is the author’s attitude towards rope jumping ?
A．He strongly argues against it.
B．He is in favour of it.
C．He is sitting on the fence of it .
D．He knows little about it .

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