题目内容

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When we think about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, a pinnacle (顶点) of sheer (纯粹的) delight. And those pinnacles seem to get rarer the older we get.
 1   I remember playing police and robbers in the woods, getting a speaking part in the school play. Of course, kids also experience lows, but their delight at such peaks of pleasure as winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved.
For teenagers, or people under 20 the concept of happiness changes.   2   I can still feel the pain of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to. I also remember the great happiness of being invited at another event to dance with a very handsome young man.
In adulthood the things that bring great joy—birth, love, marriage—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss.   3   For adults, happiness is complex.
 4   But I think a better definition of happiness is “ the ability to enjoy something”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It's easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even good health.
While happiness may be more complex for us, the solution is the same as ever. Happiness isn't about what happens to us; it’s the ability to find a positive for every negative, and view a difficulty as a challenge.   5  
A.Love may not last; loved ones die.
B.For a child, happiness has a magic quality.
C.Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life.
D.Being happy doesn’t mean that everything is perfect.
E. The dictionary defines “happy” as “lucky” or “ fortunate”.
F. It's not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we do possess.
G. Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love, and popularity.

小题1:B
小题2:G
小题3:A
小题4:E
小题5:F

试题分析:本文从多种角度,不同的年龄段解释了幸福的概念。
小题1:B 根据下一段For teenagers已经本段第2行kids also experience lows说明本段谈论的是对于孩子来说,幸福的含义。故B下符合上下文。
小题2:G 根据前句For teenagers, or people under 20 the concept of happiness changes说明对于20岁以下的年轻人,幸福的含义已经发生了变化,变成了爱,流行和兴奋,故G项正确。
小题3:A 对于成年人来说能带领快乐的东西也能带领痛苦,接上句bring great joy—birth, love, marriage—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss.说明A项爱不会持久,爱的人也可能死亡,说明A项与上句相符。
小题4:E 根据上句happiness is complex幸福是一种很复杂的概念,接下来的E项符合上下文,字典中的幸福就是开心,幸运的意思。根据后半句,我所理解的幸福是…说明E项符合上下文。
小题5:F 根据上句it’s the ability to find a positive for every negative, and view a difficulty as a challenge.说明幸福是一个从消极的,有挑战性的东西中找到积极的东西的能力,故F项幸福不是希望得到我们没有的,而是享受我们所拥有的。故F项与上下文相符。
点评:本文的话题是“幸福是什么?”此类文章重在把握上下文之间的逻辑关系,通过前后的意思连贯性及细致性用心的答题,定能完成的很好。
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Lack of exercise is considered a risk factor for cancer. There is considerable evidence that inactivity is connected with increased risk for lung cancer, breast cancer, etc.
In the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, more than 32,000 people (25,000 men and 7,000 women) were given a preventive medical examination that included a machine exercise test to measure physical fitness. They were given a physical fitness score, with one being the lowest and five being the highest fitness level. Then these people were followed for an average of 8 years. During this time, 179 men and 44 women died of cancer.
Data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study show people have lower rates of cancer with higher levels of physical fitness. Studies from the Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research in Dallas suggest that men with high fitness levels are less likely to die of cancer.
The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study also found that fitness level was more important than weight in predicting longevity (长寿). While results showed that fitness and normal weight are the ideal combination, researchers found that men who were fat but performed well in the machine performance had just a slightly increased all-cause death rate, including cancer, compared to the more slim men. The fat, but fit, men particularly lived longer than the slim, but flabby (肌肉松弛的), men.
These statistics called for a warning to the overweight: The first health goal for the overweight should be to become as fit as possible at their current weight.
67. 小题1:The text mainly talks about________.
A.the effect of exercise on reducing chances of cancer
B.how to lose weight effectively
C.different ways to keep slim
D.fat men live longer than slim ones
68. 小题2:What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.The study on the life of the overweight.
B.The study on the relationship between taking exercise and cancer.
C.The study on the ways of losing weight.
D.The study on the effects of machine exercise.
69. 小题3:Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 4?
A.Fitness levels have more effects than weight on people’s longevity.
B.A man who is fit and has normal weight is most likely to live longer.
C.Slim men are more likely to live longer.
D.Fat people who like exercising are also likely to live longer.
70. 小题4:The author thinks the most important thing for the overweight is to ______.
A.increase their fitness levelsB.choose to eat vegetables
C.be on a dietD.ask for help from doctors
Two American scientists told the people in industrial nations that they would be much healthier if they ate more of the same kind of foods eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago. 
The scientists say that the human body has changed very little since human first appeared on earth, but the way we live has changed greatly. Our body has not been able to deal with these changes in life style and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. So they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system, including heart attacks and strokes(中风) are examples of such diseases. 
Scientists noted that early stone-age people used very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise, but a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and life today. 
Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than farm animals. They also ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables, and fruits. They did not use milk and other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. But today, we eat a large amount of dairy products and grain foods. We eat six times more salt than stone-age people. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C. 
People today probably do not want to live as people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate as those ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet foods. 
小题1:The people in industrial nations would be much healthier if they ate ______. 
A.more foods as humans living 10,000 years ago did
B.as humans living 10,000 years ago ate
C.more kinds of food eaten by people living over 10,000 years ago
D.more of the same kinds of foods eaten by people over 10,000 years ago
小题2:New kinds of sicknesses have been found because ______
A.the human body has changed compared with human first appearing on earth
B.the way we live has changed a little
C.our body can’t deal with the changes in life style
D.the way we live today are improper for the human body
小题3:What is the main cause mentioned in the article why people suffer from a lot of new sicknesses?
A.Ancient people did a great deal of physical exercise.
B.People today have a lot of alcohol.
C.People today have more tobacco.
D.Food is quite different between life today and life in ancient times.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently announced trends in fruit and vegetable consumption(食用) among adults. Since 2000, the CDC has made efforts with goals of getting 75% of Americans to eat two or more servings of fruit a day and 50% of Americans to eat three or more servings of vegetables a day. Unfortunately, Americans aren’t meeting these modest targets.
Although a diet high in fruit and vegetables can reduce the risk of many diseases, Americans just aren’t getting enough. In fact, since 2000, the amount of vegetables Americans are eating has stayed the same and the amount of fruit Americans are eating has gone down. The CDC also finds that only about a third of adults are eating their expected servings of fruit, and just over a quarter of adults are eating their expected servings of vegetables.
So why aren’t Americans getting their expected servings of fruit and vegetables? It turns out that Americans might be spoiled when it comes to their produce. A national survey conducted by Fruit2day reveals that nearly half of Americans leave fruit in their fridges until it rots with people in Boston among the worst and those in New York and Los Angeles among the best. Sadly, most Americans admit to leaving fruit in the fridge for more than a week.
There are many reasons why Americans don’t eat their fruit or vegetables, including the inconvenience of having to wash or peel it. Fruit2day offers consumers a surprising and convenient way to enjoy the goodness of fruit.
“With no added sugar, natural juices and two full servings of fruit, our Fruit2day line has really captured the imaginations of health-conscious consumers who are actively looking to get more fruit in their diets,” said Hanno Holm, president and chief executive officer of Hero-White Wave. “Fruit2day makes getting more fruit in one’s diet easier for any daily snack routine.”
小题1:For 4 million American adults, how many of them are eating two or more servings of fruit a day?
A.About 1.3 million.B.About 2 million.C.About 3 million.D.About 1 million.
小题2:We can learn from the first two paragraphs that __________ .
A.Americans have been eating fewer vegetables since 2000.
B.most Americans eat less fruit to reduce the risk of diseases.
C.most Americans prefer fruit to vegetables.
D.over 25% of adults are eating three or more daily servings of vegetables.
小题3:In which city are people most likely to leave fruit in their fridge?
A.In Boston.B.In New York.C.In Los Angeles.D.Not mentioned.
小题4:With the help of Fruit2day, Americans can __________ .
A.easily get rid of their bad eating habits
B.conveniently have more fruit in their diets
C.add sugar and natural juices to their diets
D.find another excuse for not eating healthily
小题5:Americans don’t eat their fruit or vegetables because __________ .
A.they are relatively forgetful
B.they are too busy with their work
C.they don’t think it convenient to eat them
D.they prefer daily snacks with added sugar
Now I know that we black people are much more likely to have high blood pressure and diabetes(糖尿病) than white people. And they often lead to heart attacks and other untreated diseases. For example, black people are three to four times more likely than white people to have high blood pressure and twice as likely as the white population to die of a stroke(中风).
New research has found out the surprisingly high levels of salt in many of black people’s favorite meals. I stopped putting extra salt in my food at the table long ago and I try to cut down on the salt I use in cooking. The recommended daily level of salt for adults is 6 grams. It is easy to see that if you avoid processed(加工过的) foods and use salt in your cooking within the limit, you won’t exceed the daily level.
The research showed how much salt there is in some foods that we buy from restaurants and takeaways. An average salad with rice and peas has 6.2 grams of salt. This is more salt than you are supposed to eat for the whole day.
A researcher talked about the importance of home cooking rather than take-outs. At home, he pointed out, not only can you hold control of the salt shaker, but also you can create tasty food which is low on salt. The researcher later provided curry goat and rice and peas. They were low on salt, but completely delicious.
I do not suppose Jamaicans are going to stop buying takeaways soon. But if you suffer from high blood pressure, it is probably better not to buy them often.
小题1:The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refers to ______.
A.white peopleB.black people
C.untreated diseasesD.high blood pressure and diabetes
小题2:What has the new research found out according to Paragraph 2?
A.Black people take in too much salt.
B.Black people’s meals are very special.
C.Processed foods have too much salt in them.
D.6 grams of salt per day is enough for an adult.
小题3:What would the writer probably suggest black people do?
A.Order no salad in a restaurant.B.Take in no salt for several days.
C.Stop cooking their favorite meals.D.Eat less takeaways.
小题4:The researcher provided curry goat and rice and peas in order to ______.
A.thank those who came to his home for his research
B.let people know that eating less salt makes one healthier
C.show that tasty food with less salt can be made at home
D.prove the less salt the food has the more delicious it is
小题5:What would be the best title for this passage?
A.Watch the salt.B.Take care, black people.
C.Say no to takeaways.D.Say no to high blood pressure.
Some students get so nervous before a test, they do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock has studied these highly anxious test-takers.
Sian Beilock: “They start worrying about the consequences. They might even start worrying about whether this exam is going to prevent them from getting into the college they want. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources.I talk about it as your cognitive horsepower that you could otherwise be using to focus on the exam.”
Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
Sian Beilock: “what we think happens is when students put it down on paper , they think about the worst that could happen and they reappraise the situation. They might realize it’s not as had as they might think it was before and, in essence(本质上), it prevents these thoughts from popping up when they’re actually taking a test.”
The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
The researchers added to the pressure. They told the students that those who did well on the second test would get money. They also told them that their performance would affect other students as part of a team effort.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of twelve percent worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent.
Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.
Prefessor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not.
Sian Beilock: “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention, all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. Those students most likely to worry were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these testing situations.”
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance. 
小题1:What may happen if students have the problem of test anxiety?
A.Test anxiety can improve students’ performance to some degree.
B.Students’ attention and memory resources run out when worried.
C.Students may not be admitted into their favorite college if worried
D.Test anxiety is sure to cause students to fail the test.
小题2:Which of the following if TRUE?
A.In the first math test, students who sat quietly performed better.
B.In the second math test, students who wrote about their feelings did worse.
C.Some college students are highly anxious test-takers while others are not in the tests.
D.The result in the math test agrees with that in the biology test.
小题3:What does the underlined phrase “popping up” mean?
A.Giving outB.Fading awayC.Becoming clearly D.Appearing suddenly
小题4:what is most probably Sian Beilock?
A.A psychology professor.B.A philosophy researcher.
C.A politics professor D.A tutor
小题5:What is the main idea of the passage?
A.It is a common practice for students being worried before a test.
B.Being worried before tests does harm to students’ performance.
C.Anxious students overcome test anxiety by writing down fears.
D.It is important for students to overcome test anxiety.
When did you last see a polar bear(北极熊)? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3℃,and the water temperature was a little higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.
Doctors don't agree about the medical effects of cold-winter swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.
The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system(循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming.
The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim all year round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, "When I go into water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away."
小题1:The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements except that____.
A.they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months
B.they must reach the age of 60
C.they should be easy to make friends with
D.they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February
小题2:According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that_____.
A.polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water
B.cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high
C.you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue
D.cold-water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter
小题3:The Polar Bears like to swim year-round, for_____.
A.it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter
B.they can remain young
C.they find it enjoyable and interesting
D.they might meet fewer troubles in life
小题4:The passage is mainly about_____.
A.the requirements of the Polar Bear Club
B.a group of cold-water-swimming lovers
C.the Polar Bears' life in New York
D.doctors' ideas about cold-water swimming
The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues (瘟疫) that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy (谬误) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one.
If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
  During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches (战壕) cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp (奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.
  At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be dipped with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
  If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
  No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain-killer pills such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.
小题1:How many examples are offered by the writer to support his argument?
A.4 B.5 C.6 D.3
小题2:Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?
A.The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.
B.Colds are not caused by cold.
C.People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D.A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.
小题3:Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.
A.they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B.they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C.they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D.they are coming into touch again with the outside world
小题4:Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.
A.suffered a lot B.never caught colds
C.often caught colds D.became very strong
小题5:The passage mainly discusses _______.
A.the experiments on the common colds
B.the fallacy about the common cold
C.the reason and the way people catch colds
D.the continued spread of common colds

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