题目内容

In the past, man did not have to think about the protection of his environment.  There were few people on the earth,  and natural resources(资源) seemed to be    26 .
Today things are 27 , the world has become too   28  . We are using up our natural resources too quickly, and at the same time we are  29 our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this,  human life on the earth will not   30 .
Everyone 31 today that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left.  Yet, with modern fishing  32  , more and more fish are caught.  We know that if too many trees are cut down,  33 will disappear and nothing will grow on the land. Yet, we  34 to use bigger and more powerful machines to 35 more and more trees.
We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories, we will die. ___36,   in most countries wastes are 37  put into rivers or into the sea, and there are 38  laws to stop this. We know, too, that if the   39 of the world continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years there will not be enough food. What can we do to  40 these problems ?
If we eat more vegetables and less   41 , there will be more food available for everyone.  Land that is used to grow crops   42 five times more people than land where animals are kept.  Our natural resources will  43 longer if we learn to recycle them.  The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth 44   .
Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems, we shall have a better and cleaner     45  in the future.
小题1:
A.beautifulB.unlimitedC.rareD.valuable
小题2:
A.commonB.the sameC.changeableD.different
小题3:
A.crowdedB.smallC.dirtyD.busy
小题4:
A.protectingB.savingC.pollutingD.fighting
小题5:
A.breatheB.surviveC.drinkD.move
小题6:
A.wondersB.realizesC.considersD.discovers
小题7:
A.polesB.boatsC.methodsD.ideas
小题8:
A.mountainsB.the seaC.treesD.forests
小题9:
A.continueB.stopC.keepD.go on
小题10:
A.growB.plantC.saveD.cut down
小题11:
A.ThusB.HoweverC.ButD.Therefore
小题12:
A.stillB.evenC.alsoD.certainly
小题13:
A.too manyB.a fewC.someD.few
小题14:
A.productionB.pollutionC.population D.pronunciation
小题15:
A.workB.dealC.solveD.serve
小题16:
A.fruitB.meatC.fishD.grain
小题17:
A.feedsB.increasesC.suppliesD.helps
小题18:
A.useB.stayC.keepD.last
小题19:
A.controlB.bornC.planD.reward
小题20:
A.natureB.seaC.planetD.forest

小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:C
小题5:B
小题6:B
小题7:C
小题8:D
小题9:A
小题10:D
小题11:B
小题12:A
小题13:D
小题14:C
小题15:C
小题16:B
小题17:A
小题18:D
小题19:A
小题20:C

试题分析:文章讲述了人类在不停地污染这个地球,如果我们不采取行动,人类将会自食其果。
小题1:B 形容词辨析。A美丽的;B无限的;C罕见的;D珍贵的。指那个时候地球上的自然资源是无限的。
小题2:D 形容词辨析。A普通的;B一样;C易变的;D不同的。指现在的情况与以前不同了。
小题3:A 形容词辨析。A拥挤的;B小的;C脏的;D忙碌的;指现在的地球上人满为患。
小题4:C 动词辨析。A保护;B挽救;C污染;D战斗。指我们用各种化学物质在污染地球。
小题5:B 动词辨析。A呼吸;B幸存;C喝;D移动;如果我们继续这样做,地球上的人将无法幸存。
小题6:B 动词辨析。A想知道;B意识到;C考虑D发现。每个人都意思到…
小题7:C 名词辨析。A洞;B船;C方法;D观点。指用现代化的捕鱼方法,更多的鱼都被捕获了。
小题8:D 上下文串联。上文提及砍树,那么应该是森林消失了。
小题9:A 动词辨析。然而我们继续用威力很大的机器去砍伐树木,
小题10:D 词义辨析。A长;B种植;C挽救;D砍到。解析同上。
小题11:B 上下文串联。尽管我们知道如果河流被污染,我们就将死亡,但是我们仍然把垃圾倒进河里,却很少法律来阻止这一切。上下文存在着转折关系,故however正确。
小题12:A 副词辨析。A仍然;B甚至;C也;D当然。解析同36.
小题13:D 词义辨析。A太多;B一些;C一些;D很少。解析同36.
小题14:C 名词辨析。A生产;B污染;C人口;D发音;指如果人口还像现在这样增长,几年以后就将没有足够的食物来养活我们人类了。要想解决这个问题,我们该怎么做?
小题15:C 动词辨析。A工作;B处理;C解决;D服务。解析同39.
小题16:B 名词辨析。A水果;B肉;C鱼;D谷物。指我们要少吃肉多吃蔬菜。
小题17:A 动词辨析。A养活;B增加;C提供;D帮助。指这样的土地能养活5倍于现在的人。
小题18:D 动词辨析。A使用;B保持;C保持;D持续。指如果我们回收利用,我们的资源就会持续更久。
小题19:A 名词辨析。A控制;B出生;C计划;D酬劳。如果人们使用现代控制生育的方法,人口就不会太快增加。
小题20:C 名词辨析。A自然;B大海;C星球;D森林。如果我们教育人们去思考这样的问题,未来我们就会有一个更加清洁更好的地球。
点评:本文对上下文的串联要求较高,文章比较简单,要求考生在阅读的时候,关注前后的串联和理解以及词义的辨析。
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently announced trends in fruit and vegetable consumption(食用) among adults. Since 2000, the CDC has made efforts with goals of getting 75% of Americans to eat two or more servings of fruit a day and 50% of Americans to eat three or more servings of vegetables a day. Unfortunately, Americans aren’t meeting these modest targets.
Although a diet high in fruit and vegetables can reduce the risk of many diseases, Americans just aren’t getting enough. In fact, since 2000, the amount of vegetables Americans are eating has stayed the same and the amount of fruit Americans are eating has gone down. The CDC also finds that only about a third of adults are eating their expected servings of fruit, and just over a quarter of adults are eating their expected servings of vegetables.
So why aren’t Americans getting their expected servings of fruit and vegetables? It turns out that Americans might be spoiled when it comes to their produce. A national survey conducted by Fruit2day reveals that nearly half of Americans leave fruit in their fridges until it rots with people in Boston among the worst and those in New York and Los Angeles among the best. Sadly, most Americans admit to leaving fruit in the fridge for more than a week.
There are many reasons why Americans don’t eat their fruit or vegetables, including the inconvenience of having to wash or peel it. Fruit2day offers consumers a surprising and convenient way to enjoy the goodness of fruit.
“With no added sugar, natural juices and two full servings of fruit, our Fruit2day line has really captured the imaginations of health-conscious consumers who are actively looking to get more fruit in their diets,” said Hanno Holm, president and chief executive officer of Hero-White Wave. “Fruit2day makes getting more fruit in one’s diet easier for any daily snack routine.”
小题1:For 4 million American adults, how many of them are eating two or more servings of fruit a day?
A.About 1.3 million.B.About 2 million.C.About 3 million.D.About 1 million.
小题2:We can learn from the first two paragraphs that __________ .
A.Americans have been eating fewer vegetables since 2000.
B.most Americans eat less fruit to reduce the risk of diseases.
C.most Americans prefer fruit to vegetables.
D.over 25% of adults are eating three or more daily servings of vegetables.
小题3:In which city are people most likely to leave fruit in their fridge?
A.In Boston.B.In New York.C.In Los Angeles.D.Not mentioned.
小题4:With the help of Fruit2day, Americans can __________ .
A.easily get rid of their bad eating habits
B.conveniently have more fruit in their diets
C.add sugar and natural juices to their diets
D.find another excuse for not eating healthily
小题5:Americans don’t eat their fruit or vegetables because __________ .
A.they are relatively forgetful
B.they are too busy with their work
C.they don’t think it convenient to eat them
D.they prefer daily snacks with added sugar
When did you last see a polar bear(北极熊)? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3℃,and the water temperature was a little higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.
Doctors don't agree about the medical effects of cold-winter swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.
The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system(循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming.
The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim all year round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, "When I go into water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away."
小题1:The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements except that____.
A.they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months
B.they must reach the age of 60
C.they should be easy to make friends with
D.they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February
小题2:According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that_____.
A.polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water
B.cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high
C.you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue
D.cold-water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter
小题3:The Polar Bears like to swim year-round, for_____.
A.it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter
B.they can remain young
C.they find it enjoyable and interesting
D.they might meet fewer troubles in life
小题4:The passage is mainly about_____.
A.the requirements of the Polar Bear Club
B.a group of cold-water-swimming lovers
C.the Polar Bears' life in New York
D.doctors' ideas about cold-water swimming
Mark Ramirez, a senior executive at AOL, could work in the comfortable leather chair, if he wanted. No, thanks. He prefers to stand most of the day at a desk raised above stomach level.
“I’ve got my knees bent. I feel totally alive,” he said. “It feels more natural to stand.”
In the past few years, standing has become the new sitting for 10 percent of AOL employees at the firm’s Virginia branch. Part of a standing popularity is among accountants, programmers, telemarketers and other office workers across the nation.
GeekDesk, a California firm that sells desks raised by electric motors, says sales will triple this year.
Standers give various reasons for taking to their feet: It makes them feel more focused, prevents drowsiness(困倦睡意), and makes them feel like a general even if they just push paper. (Former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfels works standing up. So does novelist Philip Roth.)
But unknown to them, a debate (辩论) is spreading among ergonomics experts(人类工程学家) and public-health researchers about whether all office workers should be encouraged to stand—to save lives.
Doctors point to surprising new research showing higher rates of diabetes, obesity, heart disease and even mortality among people who sit for long stretches. A study earlier this year in the American Journal of Epidemiology showed that among 123,000 adults followed over 14 years, those who sat more than six hours a day were at least 18 percent more likely to die during the time period studied than those who sat less than three hours a day.
“Every rock we turn over when it comes to sitting is astonishing,” said Marc Hamilton, a leading researcher on inactivity physiology at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Louisiana. “Sitting is harmful. It’s dangerous. We are on the cusp (尖端) of a major revolution.” He calls sitting “the new smoking”.
Not so fast, other experts say. Standing too much at work will cause more long-term back injuries. Incidences of varicose veins(静脉曲张) among women will increase. The heart will have to pump more.
Hedge, the Cornell professor, isn’t a fan of all this standing. “Making people stand all day is dumb,” he said.
The sensible and most cost-effective strategy(策略), he said, is to sit in a neutral posture(姿势), slightly reclined(下弯的), with the keyboard on a tray above the lap. This position promotes positive blood flow. Workers should occasionally walk around, stretch and avoid prolonged periods at the desk. The key, he said, is movement, not standing.
小题1:Marc Hamilton said “Every rock we turn over when it comes to sitting is astonishing” to show that________.
A.the result of the study about sitting too long is shocking
B.we need to remove many rocks
C.we need to smooth away many difficulties
D.sitting on a rock is necessary
小题2: The following are the reasons why some experts are against standing too long except      .
A.It will cause more long-term back injuries
B.it will raise the burden of heart
C.incidences of varicose veins among women will increase
D.standing too much at work per day is too tiring
小题3: According to the studies in the passage mentioned,      .
A.it is better not to stand more than 6 hours
B.sitting too long can arouse illnesses easily
C.sitting long is specially harmful to adults
D.standing much is better than sitting long
小题4:Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A.Standing is not better than sitting
B.Standing more does no harm to people
C.Standing will promote the efficiency
D.More office workers take standing against sitting
A study led by Professor Mark Weiser of Tel Aviv University and the Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer Hospital has determined that young men who smoke are likely to have lower IQs than their non-smoking peers (同龄人). Tracking 18-to 21-year-old men enlisted in the Israeli army in the largest ever study of its kind, he has been able to demonstrate an important connection between the number of cigarettes young males smoke and their IQ.
The average IQ for a non-smoker was about 101, while the smokers’ average was more than seven IQ points lower, at about 94, the study determined. The IQs of young men who smoked more than a pack a day were lower still, at about 90. An IQ score in a healthy population of such young men, with no mental disorders(心理疾病), falls within the range of 84 to 116.
An addiction that doesn’t discriminate(歧视)
“In the health profession, we’ve generally thought that smokers are most likely the kind of people who have grown up in difficult neighborhoods, or who’ve been given less education at good schools,” says Weiser, whose study was reported in a recent version of the journal, Addiction, “But because our study included subjects with various socio-economic backgrounds, we’ve been able to rule out socio-economics as a major factor. The government might want to rethink how it arranges its educational resources on smoking.
Making the results more significant, the study also measured effects in twin brothers. In the case where one twin smoked, the non-smoking twin registered a higher IQ on average.
Although a lower IQ may suggest a greater risk for smoking addiction, the representing data on IQ and smoking found that most of the smokers investigated in the study had IQs within the average range, nevertheless.
In the study, researchers took data from more than 20,000 men before, during and after their time in the military. All men in the study were considered in good health, since pre-screening(筛选的)measures for suitability in the army had already been taken. The researchers found that around 28 percent of their samples smoked one or more cigarettes a day, 3 percent considered themselves ex-smokers, and 68 percent said they never smoked.
“People on the lower end of the average IQ tend to display poorer overall decision-making skills when it comes to their health,” says Weiser. He adds that his finding can help address serious concern among heath counsellors at grade and high schools.
小题1:The study led by Professor Mark Weiser shows that            .
A.the IQ of smoking males is lower than that of non-smokers
B.the IQ of smoking males is higher than that of non-smokers
C.the IQ of smoking males is the same as that of non-smokers
D.the IQ of smoking males is higher than that of female smokers
小题2:According to the passage, a smoking man’s IQ is most likely to be            .
A.101B.94 C.80D.120
小题3:What can be learned from the passage?
A.People in the military are more likely to become smokers than other people.
B.Most heavy smokers are found to have mental problems.
C.Socio-economic backgrounds have nothing to do with smoking behaviour.
D.People with lower IQs tend to be less good at controlling their addiction to smoking.
小题4:What is the meaning of the underlined part “An addiction that doesn’t discriminate”?
A.Smokers do not believe their IQ is affected by being addicted to smoking.
B.All people, no matter what their background, can become addicted to smoking.
C.Smoking is an addiction, and we must not discriminate against smokers.
D.The addiction to smoking is difficult to get rid of.
Is losing weight as simple as doing a 15-minute writing exercise? In a new study, women who wrote about their most important values, like close relationships or religion, lost more weight over the next few months than women who didn't. "We have this need to feel self-integrity (正直,诚实),” says Christine Logel of the University of Waterloo. "When something threatens your sense that you're a good person, like failing a test, we can buffer(缓冲) that self-integrity by reminding ourselves how much we love our children, for example".
For this study, the researchers recruited 45 female undergraduates, of whom 58% were overweight. Each woman was weighed, and was then given a list ofimportant values, like creativity, music or relationships with friends and family members. Each woman ranked the values in order of how important they were to her. Then half the women were told to write for 15 minutes about the value that was most important to her. The other half, a control group, were told to write about why a value far down on their list might be important to someone else.
The women came back months later to be weighed again. Women who had written about an important value lost an average of 3.41 pounds, while women in the control group gained an average of 2.76 pounds.
"How we feel about ourselves can have a big effect," Logel says. Maybe when one of the women who wrote about an important value went home that night, she felt good about herself and didn't eat to make herself feel better. Over a few months, that could make a real difference in her life,
小题1:How can a 15-minute writing exercise ofimportant values affect people?
A.They will feel proud of themselves and gain weight gradually.
B.They may feel good about themselves and then eat less than usual.
C.They may continue writing and decide to become a professional writer.
D.They will never have meals at night to make themselves lose weight.
小题2:What were the females required to do in the study?
A.Only the control group was given a list ofimportant values.
B.Both groups ranked the values in order of importance to them.
C.Each woman was weighed three times in the process of the study.
D.The overweight women wrote about the value most important to them.
小题3:Which of the following persons may lose weight according to the new study?
A.Mary who wrote about her own adventure.
B.Catherine who described her illness in her writing.
C.Shirley who wrote how much she loved her children.
D.Alice who complained her boss in her diary.
小题4:Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A.Writing Benefits Women a Lot
B.Losing Weight Is Very Simple
C.Writing Contributes to Losing Weight
D.Women Values Losing Weight
The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues (瘟疫) that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy (谬误) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one.
If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
  During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches (战壕) cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp (奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.
  At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be dipped with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
  If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
  No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain-killer pills such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.
小题1:How many examples are offered by the writer to support his argument?
A.4 B.5 C.6 D.3
小题2:Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?
A.The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.
B.Colds are not caused by cold.
C.People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D.A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.
小题3:Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.
A.they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B.they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C.they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D.they are coming into touch again with the outside world
小题4:Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.
A.suffered a lot B.never caught colds
C.often caught colds D.became very strong
小题5:The passage mainly discusses _______.
A.the experiments on the common colds
B.the fallacy about the common cold
C.the reason and the way people catch colds
D.the continued spread of common colds
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital for Children (MGHfC) have invented a new term that describes dangers associated with cigarette smoke: third-hand smoke. Study results published in January, 2009 discuss how third-hand smoke is especially dangerous for children.
Have you ever walked into a room that had the smell of cigarette smoke, regardless of the fact that a fan was moving the air and no one was smoking at the time? This is what researchers are calling third-hand smoke — and it represents the poisonous deposits (存积物) that are left behind long after a cigarette is put out. 
Cigarette smoke contains gases and small particles that are deposited on every surface it comes in contact with, for example, the smoker’s hair and clothing, or the environment the cigarette was smoked in. It’s dangerous for young children who may crawl on polluted surfaces. Third-hand smoke is a serious health risk for our kids, especially those who live in the homes of smokers.
Jonathan Winickoff, lead author of the study, explains, “When you come into contact with your baby, even if you’re not smoking at the time, he or she comes in contact with those poisons. And if you breast-feed, the poisons will transfer to your baby in your breast milk.” Winickoff adds however, that nursing a baby if you’re a smoker is still a better choice than bottle-feeding.
Researchers involved in the study also surveyed more than 1,500 families in an effort to learn about adult attitudes regarding the danger third-hand smoke represents to their children and how that might affect smoking in the home.
Approximately 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers believe that secondhand smoke is dangerous for children.
On the issue of whether third-hand smoke threatens the health of children, 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers felt that third-hand smoke harms kids. When asked about rules regarding smoking in the home, approximately 88 percent of nonsmokers said they don’t allow smoking, while only 27 percent of smokers forbid smoking in the home.
However, both non-smokers and smokers who felt that third-hand smoking was harmful to children’s health were more inclined to (倾向于) restrict smoking in their homes.
小题1:The study led by Jonathan Winickoff focused on _______.
A.bad influences long after a cigarette is smoked
B.third-hand smoke and secondhand smoke
C.the bad effects of smoking on common people
D.the terrible smell of cigarette smoke
小题2:How does the text explain what third-hand smoke is?
A.By telling results of a survey.
B.By giving statistics.
C.By making comparisons.
D.By giving an example.
小题3:The following measures to prevent the effect of third-hand smoke are effective except _______. 
A.keeping kids out of room when you smoke
B.cleaning the house to get rid of poisons
C.making yourself clean before contacting kids
D.trying to forbid smoking in home
There is an English saying, “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programmes. The group that tolerated (忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny programme. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following statements is WRONG?  
A.Laughter is good for health.
B.Laughter can make you become old quickly.
C.Laughter helps to reduce pain.
D.Laughter, just like physical exercise, is good for our body.
小题2:The underlined word “diminishes” in the third paragraph means “         ”.  
A.delaysB.preventsC.increasesD.reduces
小题3:Why do doctors hold laughter clinics? 
A.Because they want to earn more money.
B.Because they think they will help the patients recover from illnesses.
C.Because they want to improve their patients’ health.
D.Because they want their patients to laugh more.
小题4:According to the author, we should __________ in our life. 
A.laugh as much as possible
B.watch more funny films
C.smile all the time
D.spend time in the laughter clinics
小题5:What would be the best title for this passage?  
A.Both laughter and physical exercise are good for health.
B.Laughter clinics can help patients improve their condition.
C.Laughter can reduce the effect of pain.
D.Laughter is the best medicine.

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