题目内容

2.For years we have been dieting strictly after the year-end overeating,afraid that when summer.comes,the bigger size we have accumulated will betray how we ate.Now scientists say,it's a little bug that causes obesity(肥胖).
As the holiday season with its abundant feasting arrives,millions of food lovers are keeping an eye on their figures.But scientists have found that weight gain is not about too much Christmas turkey or hot chocolates,but some bacteria in your guts(肠).
Chinese scientists recently discovered a type ofbacteria in guts that may be to blame for obesity.
A research team led by Zhao Liping,a professor in Shanghai,has identified a precise link between a particular kind ofbacteria and unusual weight gain.
"The endotoxin(内毒素) released by the bacterium can activate(激活) a gene that helps produce fat.And it also deactivates a gene that consumes fat,"Zhao says.
Scientists have long believed that microscopic organisms in the gut,microbiota,may play a very important role in weight gain,but they had never been able to prove it.
In 2004,American microbiologist Jeffrey Gordon and his colleagues discovered a general link between obesity and gut microbiota in mice.
While a link was believed to exist,proving it was another matter.
"The list of diseases that they may play a role in is just growing and growing,"says Lita Proctor,director of the US National Institutes of Health."But the problem is that we're only able to look at associations and aren't yet able to conduct cause-and-effect studies."
In the clinical study,researchers found a growth of too much endotoxin-producing bacteria,leading t0 35percent ofthe gut bacteria,in an obese patient whose initial weight was 175kg.
Based on this information,researchers tried to cure the patient by feeding him a specialized nutritional liquid food to decrease the bacteria in his guts to ignorable amounts.
After 23 weeks,the patient lost 51.4kg,with his fatty liver disease having almost disappeared.

36.We diet strictly after the year-end overeating becauseD.
A.we won't betray ourselves
B.we eat too much turkey
C.there are bacteria in our guts
D.we don't want to look fat
37.What can be learned from Zhao's research?A
A.Obesity is related to a kind of bacteria.
B.Healthy diet helps reduce your fat.
C.Chocolate doesn't cause weight gain.
D.Too much food leads to overweight.
38.Which of the following statements is TRUE?C
A.Scientists didn't try to find out the cause of overweight.
B.There is a link between mice's overweight and human's.
C.Lita proved the link between bacteria and weight gain.
D.Scientists found bacteria may be related to many diseases.
39.The patient finally lost 51.4kg of his weight afterB.
A.35percent of his gut bacteria were killed
B.the amount of gut bacteria was decreased
C.he had a special kind ofoperation
D.his fatty liver had disappeared
40.What does the passage mainly talk about?C
A.People's eating habits.
B.Healthy lifestyles.
C.A medical discovery.
D.The consequence of obesity.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了一项新的关于人类肥胖的原因的调查研究,科学家们发现人类肥胖与细菌有关,肠道菌群可能会导致人类肥胖.

解答 36.D  细节理解题,根据第一段For years we have been dieting strictly after the year-end overeating,afraid that when summer.comes,the bigger size we have accumulated will betray how we ate.可知我们在冬天暴饮暴食之后严格控制饮食是因为我们不想看起来很胖,故选D.
37.A  细节理解题,根据第四段A research team led by Zhao Liping,a professor in Shanghai,has identified a precise link between a particular kind ofbacteria and unusual weight gain.可知从赵丽萍的研究中我们可以知道一种特殊的细菌与人们的肥胖有关,故选A.
38.C  推理判断题,根据第七段In 2004,American microbiologist Jeffrey Gordon and his colleagues discovered a general link between obesity and gut microbiota in mice以及最后三段科学家们的研究可以知道老鼠的超重与人类的超重都与肠道菌群有关,故选C.
39.B  推理判断题,根据最后三段In the clinical study,researchers found a growth of too much endotoxin-producing bacteria,leading t0 35percent ofthe gut bacteria,in an obese patient whose initial weight was 175kg.Based on this information,researchers tried to cure the patient by feeding him a specialized nutritional liquid food to decrease the bacteria in his guts to ignorable amounts.After 23 weeks,the patient lost 51.4kg,with his fatty liver disease having almost disappeared.可知病人是在肠道菌群数量减少之后减掉了51.4kg的体重,故选B.
40.C  主旨大意题,通读全文可知本文作者主要向我们介绍了一项有关人类肥胖的医学发现,故选C.

点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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Take care when shopping online.Always check the security symbols when using an online site for shopping.If the lock icon encryption (加密)  is not there,do not give out credit details.Also,check that the site is legal-never go to a site from a random email and start shopping online.
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21.To put new security measures into place,we need toC.
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B.make a random selection of network
C.get rid of potential spyware
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A.the applications of antivirus programs
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D.the separate credit card for online shopping
23.Which of the following is an improper way to shop online?D
A.Adopting a unique password for every website.
B.Shopping online at reliable websites.
C.Keeping credit details safe by checking security symbols.
D.Monitoring credit card by storing information online.
6.Conservationists have unveiled plans to preserve and protect the world's most important species of coral,in a response to increasing threats that they say will lead to"functional extinction"within decades.
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Coral reefs are the planet's most diverse marine ecosystem(生态系统),known as the rainforests of the oceans.Despite taking up under 0.2% of the ocean floor,they provide food and shelter for almost a third of all sea life.If we lose the ecosystems,we lose not only the biodiversity (生物多样性),but we also lose the capability of people to obtain income and food from coral reefs.
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14.Are you a compulsive spender,or do you hold on to your money as long as possible?Are you a bargain hunter?Would you rather use charge accounts than pay in cash?Your answers to these questions will reflect your personality.According to psychologists,our individual money habits not only show our beliefs and values,but can also stem from past problems.
Experts in psychology believe that for many people,money is an important symbol of strength and influence.Husbands who complain about their wives'spending habits may be afraid that they are losing power in their marriage.Wives,on the other hand,may waste huge amounts of money because they are angry at their husbands.In addition,many people consider money a symbol of love.They spend it on their family and friends to express love,or they buy themselves expensive presents because they need love.
People can be addicted to different things-for example,alcohol,drugs,certain foods,or even television.They are compulsive in their addictions,i.e.they must satisfy these needs to feel comfortable.In the same way,according to psychologists,compulsive spenders must spend money.
For people who buy on credit,furthermore,charge accounts are even more exciting than money:in other words,they feel that with credit,they can do anything.Their pleasures in spending enormous amounts are actually greater than those they get from the things they buy.
There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting.To save money,of course,most people look for sales,low prices,and discounts.Compulsive bargain hunters,however,often buy things that they don't need just because they are cheap.They want to believe that they are helping their budgets,but they are really playing an exciting game:when they can buy something for less than other people,they feel that they are winning.Most people,experts claim,have two reasons for their behavior:a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.
It is not only scientists,of course,who understand the psychology of spending habits,but also business people.Stores,companies,and advertisers use psychology to increase business:they consider people's needs for love,power,or influence,their basic values,their beliefs and opinions,etc.in their advertising and sales methods.
Psychologists often use a method called"behavior therapy(疗法)"to help individuals solve their personality problems.In the same way,they can help people who feel that they have problems with money:they give them"assignments"If a person buys something in every store that he enters,for instance,a therapist might teach him self discipline in this way:on the first day of his therapy,he must go into a store,stay five minutes,and then leave.On the second day,he should stay for ten minutes and try something on.On the third day,he stays for fifteen minutes,asks the salesclerk a question,but does not buy anything.Soon he will learn that nothing bad will happen to him if he doesn't buy anything,and he can solve the problem of his compulsive buying.

61.If you use charge accounts,C.
    A.you pay in cash                      B.you pay less than you should
    C.you pay with credit card             D.you pay more than you should
62.Compulsive bargain hunters buy things for all the following reasons except thatD.
    A.the things they buy are cheap       B.they believe they can balance their budgets
    C.they get psychological satisfaction D.they really need the things they buy
63.Behavior therapy in this case aims atB.
    A.helping businessmen to increase their business
    B.helping compulsive spenders to buy less
    C.finding out how people will react if they are allowed to buy
    D.finding out what people will do in front of a bargain
64.The underlined word"those"in Paragraph 3 refers toC.
    A.different things                    B.their addictions
    C.their pleasures                     D.charge accounts
65.From the passage we can conclude thatA.
    A.how you spend money reveals if you are psychologically healthy
    B.money is a necessity and will bring you happiness if you have much
    C.compulsive buying problems can be solved by taking some medicine
    D.all businessmen understand well the psychology of customers.

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