题目内容

10.Family structure is the core of any culture.A major function of the family is to socialize new members of a culture.As children are raised in a family setting,they learn to become members of the family as well as members of the larger culture.The family provides the model for all other relationships in society.Through the observations and modeling of the behavior of other family members,children learn about the family and society including the values of the culture.Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.
The family is the center of most traditional Asians'lives.Many people worry about their families'welfare,reputation,and honor.Asian families are often extended,including several generations related by blood or marriage living in the same home.An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family-including the dead ancestors.
Traditional Chinese,among many other Asians,respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them.Children repay their parents'sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age.This is accepted as a natural part of life in China.In contrast,taking care of aged parents is often viewed as tremendous burden in the United States,where aging and family support are not honored highly.
The Vietnamese family consists of people currently alive as well as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn.Any decisions or actions are done from family considerations,not individual desires.People's behavior is judged on whether it brings shame or pride to the family.Vietnamese children are trained to rely on their families,to honor elderly people,and to fear foreigners.Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life.
Fathers in traditional Japanese families are typically strict and distant.Japanese college students in one study said they would tell their fathers just about as much as they would tell a total stranger.The emotional and communication barrier between children and fathers in Japan appears very strong after children have reached a certain age.
Although there has been much talk about"family values"in the United States,the family is not a usual frame of reference for decisions in U.S.mainstream culture.Family connections are not so important to most people.Dropping the names of wealthy or famous people the family knows is done in the United States,but it is not viewed positively.More important is a person's own individual"track record"of personal achievement.
Thus,many cultural differences exist in family structures and values.In some cultures,the family is the center of life and the main frame of reference for decisions.In other cultures,the individuals,not the family,is primary.In some cultures,the family's reputation and honor depend on each person's actions; in other cultures,individuals can act without permanently affecting the family life.Some cultures value old people,while other cultures look down on them.
(Adapted from R.L.Oxford  R.C.Scarcella,"A Few Family Structures and Values Around the Globe")

OutlineSupporting details
(71)Introduction to family structureFamily structure is of great (72)importance/significance in different cultures.
Children raised in a family will gradually learn how to (73)behave in a way which is acceptable in their culture or setting.
'Many cultural differences (74)arise/result/come/originate from family structures.
Examples of
Asian families
Traditional Asians (75)center/centre their lives around family.Not only the individual but the family is to (76)blame for any wrongdoings.
In China,parents'sacrifices will probably (77)payoff when children grow up.Children will also provide for the elders.
In Vietnam,it's not from the personal desires but from family considerations that decisions or actions are done.
In Japan,children are (78)unwilling/reluctant/afraid to share their emotions with father,thus making communication difficult.
Examples of families in the USA Americans don't lay much emphasis on family values.(79)Instead/Howeverpersonal achievement is considered more important.
ConclusionFamily structures and values (80)vary/differ    in different cultures.

分析 本文讲的是家庭结构是任何文化的核心.家庭的一个重要作用是一个文化的新成员社会化,当孩子在家庭里面被抚养长大,他们不仅学会成为家庭成员,还要学会成为更大的文化的成员.然而,许多文化差异存在于家庭结构及其价值中.文章从中国、越南、美国三个国家的家庭观念作了分析,在一些文化里,家庭是生活的中心,而在其他文化里,个人是首要的;在一些文化里,家庭的声誉依靠每个人的行为,在其他文化中,个人行为可以不用永远影响家庭;有些文化尊重老人,而其他文化轻视老人.

解答 71.Introduction  72.importance/significance   73.behave  74.arise/result/come/originate  75.center/centre   76.blame 77.pay  78.unwilling/reluctant/afraid  
79.Instead/However  80.vary/differ
71.Introduction 根据第一段内容可知本段对家庭结构作了详细的介绍.
72.importance/significance  由第一段Through the observations and modeling of the behavior of other family members,children learn about the family and society including the values of the culture.Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.可知家庭结构在不同文化中是非常重要的.
73.behave 根据文章第一段As children are raised in a family setting,they learn to become members of the family as well as members of the larger culture.The family provides the model for all other relationships in society可知家庭的一个重要作用是一个文化的新成员社会化,当孩子在家庭里面被抚养长大,他们不仅学会成为家庭成员,还要学会成为更大的文化的成员.
74.arise/result/come/originate 根据Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference可知,家庭结构和他们的内在的关系以及义务是产生文化差异的主要根源.
75.center/centre 根据文章第二段中的Asian families are often extended,including several generations related by blood or marriage living in the same home可知亚洲文化比较重视家庭观念,以家庭为中心.
76.blame 根据文章第二段中的An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family-including the dead ancestors可以确定答案.
77.pay  根据文章第二段中Children repay their parents'sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age.This is accepted as a natural part of life in China可以判断在中国孩子们会回报父母所做出的牺牲.
78.unwilling/reluctant/afraid 根据文章第三段中的Japanese college students in one study said they would tell their fathers just about as much as they would tell a total stranger.The emotional and communication barrier between children and fathers in Japan appears very strong after children have reached a certain age可知,日本的孩子不愿意跟父亲交流.
79.Instead/However 根据文章第四段最后一句话More important is a person's own individual"track record"of personal achievement可知美国人不注重家庭观念.
80.vary/differ 根据文章最后一段的第一句话 many cultural differences exist in family structures and values可知家庭结构和观念在不同的文化中是不一样的,由此可确定答案.

点评 本题是阅读填空.阅读填空题是任务型阅读的一种,它注重考查考生总体把握文意及细节理解的能力,要求考生有较高的阅读及表达能力,因此考生平时要加强阅读,做题时要结合语境反复推敲做出正确的判断.

练习册系列答案
相关题目
20.请修改下面短文. 文中共有10处语言错误.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词.
删除:把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉.
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词.
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词.
           2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分.
           3.请按要求将答案填入答题卡.
Dear Tom,
Thank you for write to me.In your e-mail,you asked me how my life was in the senior school.
Well,my life here is really amazed,and it makes me feel excited and a little stressed.Talking of senior English learning,I have learned about some interesting and meaningful topic.From Anne's Diary,I have learned about her family hid away for over two years in order to be caught by the German Nazis during World War  II.Beside,I have learned about the development of English.In a fact,the English language has changed quite a lot over the last four centuries.In addition,what impresses me most is the Tangshan earthquake,it almost destroyed the whole city.It were people,including workers,doctors that came to rescue those who were trapping under the ruins.
Well,I will tell you more next time if you are interested.
Yours,
Li Hua.
1.A New Zealand woman,who had no sight since she was 11,had her sight restored one night when she hit her head on a coffee table.
Lisa Reid,from Auckland,has a disease on her optic nerve and in 2000she was not able to see at all.But on the night of November 15,2000,that all changed when Ms Reid,who was 24at the time bent down to kiss her guide dog,Ami,goodnight and accidentally knocked her head on her coffee table.The next morning,she woke up and some of her sight had been restored.
"Nobody knows what happened or can explain it,"Ms Reid,now 38,told Daily Mail Australia."I can't really find words to describe how it felt-amazing,fantastic.""You can imagine not being able to see and then you can.You can't really describe that.To see the world again is a gift."
To help her recover from the blindness,Ms Reid has been supported by New Zealand's Blind Foundation and said without them she would be"lost".Ms Reid is sharing her story with the world to help them raise awareness and funds to help the foundation provide the services which she was using since she was 14.
She recalls that one of her most shocking moments she had when she was able to see again-the changes in her brother."My brother was a young man with a beard,but now he has become a man."Ms Reid said."When I saw my mum,I was like:"You look the same but older."

28.How did Lisa Reid regain her vision?A
A.She hit her head on a coffee table.
B.She kissed her guided dog.
C.The disease on her optic nerve was missing.
D.The modern treatment.
29.What can we know about Lisa Reid?B
A.She lost her sight in 1979.
B.She had been helped by New Zealand's Blind Foundation for about 10years.
C.She restored her vision again 10years after she lost it.
D.When she restored her vision again,she was 38years old.
30.New Zealand's Blind FoundationA.
A.helps those blind people
B.only helps blind children
C.provides money to blind children
D.gets funds from the government
31.Why did the author mention Lisa Reid's brother and mother?D
A.To show her brother had grown up.
B.To show her mother's changes.
C.To show her changes.
D.To show that she was shocked when seeing the changes.
19.Since the popularity of smartphones,people spend lots of time on their phones,either messaging other people,(34)Anews,or playing games.(35)D I think cellphones have made life more (36)C,I don't think spending a lot of time on cellphones is a good idea.
First,spending too much time on cellphones may (37)D cancer.Scientific studies have(38)B that low levels of radiation are given off from the batteries(电池) of cellphones.Not only that,but phones are constantly using microwaves to send and (39)Cinformation.Since many people use their cellphones near their heads,long time exposure could eventually lead to some very(40)Band unhealthy effects.
Secondly,when people spend too much time on their cellphones,they(41)Con the things going on around them.This has been proven over and over again by (42)Awho use their phones while in their cars.This has been such a major cause of car(43)A,because drivers are too distracted by their phones to(44)Bthe road,that most states in the U.S.have banned the (45)Aof cellphones while driving.There are also other cases showing how using cellphones can(46)D people to miss out on the things around them.For example,I went hiking with a friend a few weeks ago.She was so(47)Bto her cellphone the whole time that she missed out on all the (48)Cthings we saw on the mountains,and didn't get a(49)D to experience the same awe(敬畏) of nature as I was able to experience.
Lastly,spending too much time on cellphones makes people forget how to have normal conversations.(50)B,when people use text messaging,they use a form of shorthand known as"Netspeak"to (51)Con the size of messages and make typing them on small keyboards fast and easy.(52)D this,many people forget how to spell and use grammar(53)A.

34.A.readingB.learningC.spreadingD.reporting
35.A.SinceB.BecauseC.UnlessD.While
36.A.interestingB.meaningfulC.convenientD.enjoyable
37.A.add toB.result fromC.turn toD.lead to
38.A.raisedB.provenC.reviewedD.examined
39.A.seekB.storeC.receiveD.collect
40.A.powerfulB.harmfulC.importantD.beneficial
41.A.break inB.fall backC.miss outD.catch up
42.A.driversB.visitorsC.passengersD.players
43.A.accidentsB.tradesC.crimesD.losses
44.A.pull out intoB.pay attention toC.get acrossD.go along
45.A.useB.callC.answerD.message
46.A.commandB.forceC.allowD.cause
47.A.accountedB.attractedC.attachedD.affected
48.A.terribleB.strangeC.beautifulD.funny
49.A.momentB.mindC.wayD.chance
50.A.ThereforeB.BesidesC.HoweverD.Instead
51.A.countB.workC.saveD.mark
52.A.In case ofB.According toC.For fear ofD.As a result of
53.A.correctlyB.carefullyC.regularlyD.normally

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网