Question

【题目】Calorie(卡路里)counts are everywhere. They appear on restaurant menus, milk boxes and bags of baby carrots. Grocery stores display lots of foods packaged with bright and colorful “low-calorie” claims.

A calorie is the measure of stored energy in something---energy that can be released as heat when burned. The term calorie on food labels is short for kilocalorie. A kilocalorie is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius. But what does boiling water have to do with your body’s release of energy from food? After all, your body doesn’t start boiling after eating. It does, however, chemically break down food into sugars. The body then releases the energy to fuel processes and activities throughout each hour of the day.

Food contains three main types of nutrients that deliver energy: fats, proteins and carbs(碳水化合物). A process called metabolism(新陈代谢) first cuts these into small pieces; Proteins break down into amino acids(氨基酸), fats into fatty acids and carbs into simple sugars. Then, the body uses oxygen to break down these materials to release heat.

Most of this energy goes toward powering the heart, lungs, brain and other vital processes. Exercise and other activities also use energy. If energy-rich nutrients aren’t used right away, your body will hoard them---first in the liver(肝脏), and then later as body fat.

In general, someone should eat the same amount of energy each day as his or her body will use. If the balance is off, they will win lose or gain weight. It’s very easy to eat more calories than the body needs. Having two 200-calorie donuts in addition to regular meals could easily put teens over their daily needs. At the same time, it’s nearly impossible to balance overeating with extra exercise. Running a mile burns just 100 calories. Knowing how many calories are in the food we eat can help keep the energy in and out balanced.

【1】How much energy does it need to lift the temperature of 5 kilograms of water by 10 degree Celsius?

A. One kilocalorie.

B. Five kilocalories.

C. Ten kilocalories.

D. Fifty kilocalories.

【2】What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A. How the nutrients are classified.

B. How oxygen works in human body.

C. How the food types affect metabolism.

D. How the body gets heat from nutrients.

【3】What does the underlined word “hoard” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. Store.

B. Remove.

C. Replace.

D. Burn.

【4】What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. It is good for our health to do exercises.

B. It’s really difficult to control our weight.

C. It is important to control the calories we take.

D. It is good for our body to eat the same type of nutrients.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】D

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。涉及热量的卡路里到处都是，它们出现在餐馆的菜单、牛奶盒和小胡萝卜袋里。杂货店里陈列着许多包装着明亮多彩的“低热量”食品的食品。文章告诉我们：控制我们摄入的卡路里是很重要的。

【1】计算题。根据第二段中A kilocalorie is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius.由此计算得知需要50千卡的能量才能将5公斤水的温度提高10摄氏度。故D项正确。

【2】段落大意题。根据第三段Food contains three main types of nutrients that deliver energy: fats, proteins and carbs(碳水化合物). A process called metabolism(新陈代谢) first cuts these into small pieces; Proteins break down into amino acids(氨基酸), fats into fatty acids and carbs into simple sugars. Then, the body uses oxygen to break down these materials to release heat.第三段主要叙述的是身体如何从营养中获取热量。故D项正确。

【3】词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中If energy-rich nutrients aren’t used right away, your body will hoard them---first in the liver(肝脏), and then later as body fat. 如果能量丰富的营养素没有马上被使用，你的身体会把它们储藏起来----首先是肝脏，然后是身体脂肪。根据常识，营养没有马上被使用，自然会被储藏起来，由此推知划线词的意思是“储藏”，故A项正确。

【4】推理判断题。根据最后一段中In general, someone should eat the same amount of energy each day as his or her body will use.和Knowing how many calories are in the food we eat can help keep the energy in and out balanced.从最后一段我们得知控制我们摄入的卡路里是很重要的。故C项正确。

做词义猜测题时，一定要注意上下文的联系，特别是划线词前后的意思，从而做出正确判断。有时根据常识也能做出正确的判断。本题第3小题，根据倒数第二段中If energy-rich nutrients aren’t used right away, your body will hoard them---first in the liver(肝脏), and then later as body fat. 如果能量丰富的营养素没有马上被使用，你的身体会把它们储藏起来----首先是肝脏，然后是身体脂肪。根据常识，营养没有马上被使用，自然会被储藏起来，由此推知划线词的意思是“储藏”，故A项正确。