题目内容

Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being immediately by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no levels of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be serious. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed immediately. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated（辐射）and feel fine, then die for cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.     
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.         
小题1:Which of the following statements is true?                   
A．Nuclear radiation is just like common radio waves.
B．Nuclear radiation can cause cancer to human beings.
C．Nuclear radiation can be detected by human senses.
D．Nuclear radiation can be safe to human beings if its level is low.
小题2:How can nuclear radiation kill an animal?                    
A．By damaging its heart.B．By killing a few cells.
C．By hitting any place in its body.D．By killing many cells in important organs.
小题3: If a human being is hit by nuclear radiation, he may _______.
A．die of cancer after many yearsB．die immediately
C．have a child who may be born weak D．all of the above

小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:D   

试题分析：文章介绍核辐射对人类和动物的危害，如果辐射较弱，可能会危害健康，有的影响不是明显的，但是人们可能多年后会死于癌症，或会对后代产生影响，如果核辐射量大，对导致死亡。
小题1:细节题：从第三段的句子：But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.可知核辐射会导致人类的癌症，选B。
小题2:细节题：从第三段的句子：At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being immediately by killing masses of cells in vital organs. 可知核辐射可以杀死重要器官的细胞从而使动物立刻死亡，选D
小题3:细节题：从第一段可知核辐射可以致人死亡，最后一段可知核辐射可以让人多年后死于癌症，也会生出虚弱的孩子，所以选D   
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阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）出可以填入空白的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
Even though it was only October, my students were already whispering about Christmas plans. With each passing day everyone became more __36__, waiting for the final school bell. Upon its _37____everyone would run for their coats and go home, everyone except David
David was a small boy in ragged clothes. I had often _38___what kind of home life David had, and what kind of mother could send her son to school dressed so __39__for the cold winter months, without a coat, boots, or gloves. But something made David __40__. I can still remember he was always __41____a smile and willing to help. He always __42__after school to straighten chairs and mop the floor. We never talked much. He__43___just smile and ask what else he could do, then thank me for letting him stay and slowly__44___home
Weeks passed and the __45___ovre the coming Christmas grew into restlessness until the last day of__46__before the holiday break. I smiled in ___47 __as the last of them hurried out the door. Turning around I saw David ___48___standing by my desk. 
“I have something for you”he said and ____49____from behind his back a small box. __50___it to me, he said anxiously. “Open it,”I took the box from him, thanked him and slowly unwrapped it. I lift the lid and to my __51__saw nothing. I looked at David‘s smiling face and back into the box and said. “The box is nice, David, but it’s__52__”
“Oh no it isn’t,”said David. “It’s full of love, my mum told me before she died that love was something you couldn’t see or touch unless you know it’s there”
Tears filled my eyes ___53___Iooked at the proud dirty face that I had rarely given____54___to. After that Christmas, David and I became good friends and I never forgot the meaning ___55___the little empty box set on my desk
小题1:
A．anxiousB．courageousC．seriousD．cautious
小题2:
A．warningB．ringingC．callingD．yelling
小题3:
A．scoldedB．wonderedC．realizedD．learned
小题4:
A．modestlyB．naturallyC．inaccuratelyD．inappropriately
小题5:
A．popularB．upsetC．specialD．funny
小题6:
A．expressingB．deliveringC．wearingD．sharing
小题7:
A．practisedB．wanderedC．studiedD．stayed
小题8:
A．wouldB．shouldC．mightD．could
小题9:
A．aim atB．turn to C．put off D．head for
小题10:
A．argumentB．excitementC．movement D．program
小题11:
A．schoolB．year C．education D．program
小题12:
A．reliefB．returnC．vainD．control
小题13:
A．weaklyB．sadlyC．quietlyD．helplessly
小题14:
A．searchedB．found C．raisedD．pulled
小题15:
A．HoldingB．HandingC．SendingD．Leaving
小题16:
A．delightB．expectationC．appreciationD．surprise
小题17:
A．cheapB．emptyC．uselessD．improper
小题18:
A．asB．untilC．becauseD．though
小题19:
A．advice B．supportC．attentionD．command
小题20:
A．fromB．behindC．overD．towards
People who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds. It’s possible that being full of vim and vigor helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in Pittsburgh.
“We need to take more seriously the possibility that a positive emotional style is a major player in disease risk,” says psychologist Sheldon Cohen, the study’s lead researcher. 
In a previous study, Cohen and his colleagues found that people who tended to be cheerful and lively were least likely to develop sniffles, coughs, and other cold symptoms(症状).   
Those findings were interesting, but they didn’t prove that a person’s attitude affects whether he or she gets sick. Instead, it was still probable that a person’s underlying personality is what matters.
Evidence suggests, for instance, that certain people are naturally more likely to be outgoing and optimistic, with high self-respect and a sense of control over life. This would mean that who we are, not how we feel, finally decides our chances of catching colds.
To figure out which mattered more (personality or emotions), the CMU team interviewed 193 healthy adults. The researchers talked to each person over the phone every evening for 2 weeks. They told the researchers about the positive and negative feelings they had experienced that day.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get infected. Their symptoms, however, differed depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the previous 2 weeks.
Among those who reported good moods and had been infected with the flu virus, for example, 28 percent developed coughs and stuffy(堵塞)noses. On the other hand, those symptoms struck 41 percent of people who had been less positive. Scientists argue about whether negative emotions or positive emotions have a stronger effect on how healthy we are. For now, it can’t hurt to look on the bright side more often than not!
小题1:What is the text mainly about?
A．how to get rid of coldsB．Attitude determines life
C．Smiles turn away colds D．Different opinions about colds
小题2:The word “full of vim and vigor” underlined in Paragraph 1 probably means_______.
A．ignorantB．well-informedC．energeticD．in low spirits
小题3:According to the finding a leading factor of catching colds should be one’s _______.
A．health.B．personality.C．qualityD．mood
小题4:By saying the last paragraph, the writer intends to suggest_______.
A．positiveemotionsareasgoodasnegativeemotions
B．itisnotnecessarilygoodforyouifyoualwayslookatproblemspositively
C．itwillbegoodforyourhealthtoalwayskeepupanoptimisticstateofmind
D．thesaying---everycoinhastwosides.
A recent study suggests that teens’ relationship with parents, friends and teachers may have a lot to do with why they don’t get a good night’s sleep.
David Maume, a sociologist and sleep researcher, analyzed federal health data, which interviewed 974 teenagers when they were 12, and then again at 15. He found that family dynamics (动态) have much to do with how well kids sleep. Teens, who had warm relations with their parents and felt like they could talk to them or their parents were supportive of them, tended to sleep better. However, families that were going through a divorce or a remarriage tended to affect teens’ sleep.
And problems at school also affected teens’ sleep. Feeling safe at school and having good relations with teachers tended to promote better sleep. As did good relationships with friends. Kids who took part in sports or other positive social activities or shared similar academic goals with their friends were also more likely to get a good night’s sleep.
These add up to what makes lots of sense: a general feeling of well-being helps teens sleep. If we’re happy and contented, we’re much more likely to sleep better than if we’re sad and anxious.
Now, of course, teens can hardly resist being drawn to their computers and social networking. Maume also found that when parents were strict not only about bedtime, but also about limiting technology, kids slept better. It’s a finding that seems obvious, but parents really do matter when it comes to health habits of their teenagers.
Clearly, teenagers aren’t getting 9 to 10 hours a night, which puts them at risk for all the consequences of lack of sleep, including poor academic performance, colds and stress.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．Teens’ sleep is linked to their relationship with people around them.
B．Lack of adequate sleep puts teens at risk of many bad consequences.
C．Modern technology has something to do with teens’ sleep problems.
D．It is necessary for teens to join in sports and positive social activities.
小题2:According to Maume’s analysis, who will probably have a poor night’s sleep?
A．Teens who feel like talking with their parents.
B．Teens who have friends sharing their dreams.
C．Teens who feel contented about themselves.
D．Teens who lack a sense of security at school.
小题3: Para 5 functions as              .
A．a comparison B．an introductionC．a conclusionD．an addition
小题4: Parents are supposed to               when their kids are growing up.
A．continue their broken marriage
B．allow children to decide when to sleep
C．limit teens’ using new technology
D．force teens to have 10 hours’ sleep daily
Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control your behavior, but when you're asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
If you go to sleep on your back, you're a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don't like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings. You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive（不坦率的）person. You worry a lot and you're always easily upset. You're very stubborn（顽固的）, but you aren't very ambitious. You usually live for today not for tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up（卷曲）, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you're often defensive. You're shy and you don't normally like meeting people．You prefer to be on your own. You're easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You're usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don't often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people.
小题1: According to the writer，you naturally show your secret and real personality _________.
A．only in a normal night
B．only when you go to sleep
C．only when you refuse to show yourself to the world
D．only when you change sleeping position
小题2: Which is NOT mentioned in the second paragraph about a person's personality？
A．He or she is always open with others.
B．He or she always likes new ideas earlier than others.
C．He or she is always easily upset.
D．He or she tends to believe in others.
小题3: Maybe you don't want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up. Why？
A．He or she would rather be alone than communicate with you.
B．He or she is rarely ready to help you.
C．He or she prefers staying at home to going out.
D．He or she wouldn't like to get help from you.
小题4:It appears that the writer tends to think highly of the person who sleeps on one side because __________.
A．he or she always shows sympathy for people
B．he or she is confident，but not stubborn
C．he or she has more strengths than weaknesses
D．he or she often considers annoying people
Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer， saying studies showed a clear link. "Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake， through diet or a vitamin supplement，" Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.
Garland's research team reviewed 63 studies， including several large long-term ones， on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. "There's nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer，" he said， urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify foods with vitamin D.Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health.    Vitamin D is found in milk， as well as in some fortified orange juice， yogurt and cheeses， usually at around 100 international units （IU） a serving. People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IUs per day， Garland said， adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences.
The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas， which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.
African Americans， who don't produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin colour， could also benefit significantly from a higher intake， the authors said.
小题1: According to the passage， people are advised to take more Vitamin D because_________.
A．it is nutritious
B．it can‘t harm people’s health
C．it is not taken enough every day
D．it can lower cancer risk
小题2: Which of the following can not help people get more Vitamin D？
A．Have more meatB．Have some sunshine
C．Have a vitamin supplementD．Have more fortified cheese
小题3:Who can Garland probably be？
A．A scientistB．A health researcher
C．A doctorD．A public health official
小题4:Which of the following food can lower people‘s chance of getting cancer？
A．Fortified orange juiceB．Milk
C．Fortified yogurtD．All of the above
小题5:People from which area should take more Vitamin D according to the passage？
A．Asian peopleB．American people
C．European peopleD．African people
Those who spend more pre-bedtime hours using the Internet or watching television are more likely to report insufficient sleep, even though they sleep almost as long as people spending fewer pre-bedtime hours in front of a computer or television screen, survey findings show.
“While many people use electronic media, say, the Internet, it should be noted that the longer media use before sleep can trigger (self-perceived) insufficient sleep,” lead researcher Dr Nakamori Suganuma, of Osaka University, Japan, told the reporter.
He and colleagues obtained data on self-perceived sleep problems and the use of electronic media prior to bedtime from 5,875 altogether Japanese respondents in two separate Internet-based surveys. Their findings are published in Sleep and Biological Rhythms.
Nearly half of the respondents associated their problem with electronic media use before bedtime. Longer electronic media users were also more likely to report insufficient sleep.
“Overall, 29% of light users (less than 1.5 hours) listed electronic media use as a possible cause of their insufficient sleep. By comparison, 40% of medium users (1.5 to 3 hours) and 54% of heavy users (more than 3 hours) said the same. 
However, longer Internet and television use before bedtime did not correlate with less actual sleep.
While heavy users averaged about 3 more hours in front of computer or television screens than light users, the heavy users averaged only about 12 minutes less pre-workday sleep time than light users.
Notably, Suganuma said, "Internet use affected self-perceived insufficient sleep more than TV watching not only in younger Internet users but also in middle-aged or aged Internet users."
Up to 38% of the respondents listed accessing the Internet far into the night as a possible cause for their sleep disturbance, while about 25% said watching television far into the night caused it.
The findings suggest that while heavy computer and television use before bedtime has a small effect on sleep duration, it may have a more significant effect on "sleep demand and sleep quality," Suganuma notes.
小题1: Heavy computer and television user before bed time are more likely to be______ than light ones.
A．energeticB．happyC．sleepyD．clever
小题2:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Heavy computer and television user before bed time have less sleeping time than light ones.
B．Heavy computer and television user before bed time have worse sleep than light ones.
C．Those suffering insufficient sleep spend less time in using internet than in watching TV.
D．Spend less time in watching TV or surfing the internet, and you will have a better sleep.
小题3:The passage seems to suggest that people ______.
A．be far away from media.
B．watch TV rather than use internet
C．cut down late-night Internet and TV
D．Stop late-night internet and TV
小题4:Which of the following phrases is similar in meaning to the underlined phrase in the sixth paragraph?
A．have any connection withB．make a friend with
C．share the opinion withD．in accordance with
If a city wishes to  host the Olympics, it must submit a proposal(提交提案) to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated, the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of growing importance television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city’s time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee----not the IOC or the NOC of the host city’s country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入), and corporate sponsorships(社团赞助), tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. When the financial gains from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.
小题1:_______will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.
A. A city that submits a proposal          B. A majority winner in voting
C. A city that has perfect time zone       D. One that hasn’t hosted the Games
小题2: Which of  the following words can be used to replace the word “ selecting” in   paragraph 2?
A．electingB．hopingC．choosingD．thinking
小题3:If the Games take place in Canada, American television networks___.
A．can’t broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours
B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events
C．are willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights
D．will not pay for the Canadian television networks
小题4:According to the last paragraph, which following statement is true?
A．The host city must be left with large debts
B．The city may achieve a lot of money
C．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games
D．It is impossible that the host city couldn’t make money
小题5:Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．How to host Olympic GamesB．Winner or loser
C．Applying for host for OlympicsD．The Olympic Games
While watching the Olympics the other night, I came across an unbelievable sight．It was not a gold medal, or a world record broken, but a show of courage．
The event was swimming and started with only three men on the blocks．For one reason or another, two of them false started, so they were disqualified．That left only one to complete．It would have been difficult enough, not having anyone to race against, even though the time on the clock is important．
I watched the man dive off the block and knew right away that something was wrong．I'm not an expert swimmer, but I can tell a good dive from a poor one, and this was not exactly medal quality．When he resurfaced, it was evident that the man was not out for gold — his arms were waving in an attempt at freestyle．The crowd started to laugh．Clearly this man was not a medal competitor．
I listened to the crowd begin to laugh at this poor man who was clearly having a hard time．Finally he made his turn to start back．It was pitiful．He made a few desperate strokes and you could tell he was worn out．
But in those few awful strokes, the crowd had changed．
No longer were they laughing, but beginning to cheer．Some even began to stand and shout “Come on, you can do it!” and he did．
A clear minute past the average swimmer, this young man finally finished his race．The crowd went wild．You would have thought that he had won the gold, and he should have．Even though he was recorded one of the slowest times in Olympic history, this man gave more heart than any of the other competitors．
Just a short year ago, he had never even swum, let alone race．His country had been invited to Sydney．
In a competition where athletes remove their silver medals feeling they have somehow been cheated out of gold, or when they act so proudly in front of their competitors, it is nice to watch an underdog．
小题1:From the passage we can learn that the young man ________
A．made his turn to start back pitifully
B．was skillful in freestyle in the game
C．swam faster than the average swimmer
D．was not capable enough to win the medal
小题2:The crowd changed their attitudes because ________
A．they felt sorry for the young man
B．they were moved by the young man
C．they wanted to show their sympathy
D．they meant to please the young man
小题3:According to the passage, “it is nice to watch an underdog” probably means _______．
A．it’s amusing to watch a man with awful swimming skills
B．it’s amazing to watch an ordinary man challenging himself
C．it’s cheerful for athletes to act proudly before their competitors
D．it’s brave enough for some athletes to remove the silver medals
小题4: What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Compete for Gold!
B．Try again!
C．Break a Record!
D．Go for it!

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