题目内容

【题目】假定你是李华,是北方某城市一所中学的学生。你的美国网友Peter听说你校冬季由于雾霾严重经常放假,非常担心你的学习和健康。请你根据以下内容给他发一封电子邮件:

1. 感谢他的关心;

2. 说明在家学习情况;

3. 政府采取措施减少雾霾。

注意:1. 词数100左右。

2. 开头和结尾已经给出,但不计入总词数。

参考词汇:雾霾haze

Dear Peter

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Your,

Li Hua

【答案】Dear Peter,

Thank you for your concern about my health and studies.

This winter, because of heavy haze, we didn’t go to school for about 15 days, which affected our studies to some degree. However, our school did something to make up for that. We learnt lessons on the Internet and did our homework at home. If we had any problems, we would communicate with our classmates and teachers by WeChat or QQ.

To our joy, the local government has taken some measures to prevent haze. The situation has been improving. I’m sure we’ll have a blue sky in the future. Thank you again.

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】

这是一篇提纲类写作。

1步:根据提示可知,假定你是李华,是北方某城市一所中学的学生。你的美国网友Peter听说你校冬季由于雾霾严重经常放假,非常担心你的学习和健康。请你根据以下内容给他发一封电子邮件:1. 感谢他的关心;2. 说明在家学习情况;3. 政府采取措施减少雾霾。

2步:根据写作要求,确定关键词(组):concern(关心)because of (因为)haze (雾霾)to some degree (在某种程度上)make up for (弥补)communicate with (与……沟通)等。

3步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般过去时、一般现在时和一般将来时。

4步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰,保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。

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【题目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. defense B. avoid C. believing D. mistake E. required F. critical

G. cheating H. ashamed I. identify J. confirm K. similar

We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our 1, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid 2 problems in the future.

Making ethical (伦理的)decisions is a(n) 3 part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t make responsible choices. To 4 risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn’t know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as 5. But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a 6.

Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I’m not hurting anyone,” or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very complex: “I know I’m looking at another’s exam, even though I’m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that’s not 7 because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and 8 excuses. If we fool ourselves into 9 we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t see the real choice we’re making--and that leads to bad decisions.

To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or 10 of your actions? If you’d rather hide your actions, that’s a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.

【题目】There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours—you don’t need that “refreshment(提神) break” as much as you may think.

Scientists believed it was not easy for people to continue their work if they felt the need to have a snack or a rest to make them feel better. They argued that the only way to regain willpower is by supplying more energy to our bodies with rest, food or entertainment.

But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is in your head. They found that a person’s mindset(理念) and belief about willpower determine how long and how well they’ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower as something that’s limited, you’re more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task,” said Professor Veronika Job. “But if you think of willpower as something that is not easily depleted, you can go on and on.”

The researchers led by Mr. Job designed an experiment to test the students’ beliefs about willpower. After a tiring task those who believed or were led to believe that willpower was a limited resource performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over.

Mr. Job said, “Students who may already have trouble studying are being told that their powers of concentration are limited, and they need to take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.”

The findings could help people who are battling with temptation(诱惑):people following strict diets and doing exercise regularly to lose weight, people trying to overcome addictions, employees facing a tight deadline. Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically based process as much as we used to think.

1What opinion did scientists have in the past?

A. Willpower was a limited resource.

B. It was hard to regain willpower.

C. Hardworking people seldom took breaks.

D. People could easily feel tired when working.

2Which of the following can replace the underlined word “depleted” in paragraph 3?

A. Given up. B. Recovered.

C. Used up. D. Changed.

3What can we learn from the findings of the experiment?

A. Students benefit most from the research.

B. Frequent breaks are not good for learning.

C. Will power can be regained after people have a good rest.

D. The belief in willpower can change a man’s behaviour.

4Why does the author write the text?

A. To explain the power of willpower.

B. To show us how to build willpower.

C. To tell us the ways of gaining willpower.

D. To introduce a new theory on willpower.

【题目】In 1948,my family drove to the Singer Sewing Center and bought a brand-new electric Singer. Then Ruby, my mother-in-law,____sewing. After supper, Ruby would bend over the machine, ___clothes for her children and neighbors. Thousands of dresses. The Singer raised its needle millions of times.

In 1987,Ruby __ us on the phone, ___.After thirty-nine years, her Singer didn’t work. No repairman could fix it because parts were not __.

I went to a sewing machine store to buy one. Her old one was____.The new machines are plastic and have computers. They give classes on how to __ them. In the display window was a 1948 metal Singer blackhead.

“Does that one __ ? ” I asked the man.

“I don’t know,” he said. He plugged it in. It___ to work.

“It’s not for sale,” he said. It’s a(an)___ . There aren’t lots of old Singer blackheads around anyone”

I __ him about Ruby — how she lives by herself and sews to keep busy, how she ___only six dollars to make a dress __the people she sews for are poor.

He __ the machine to me for twenty-five dollars.

The next weekend we took it to Ruby’s. She stood by the car as we opened the trunk. As she looked down at the __, a smile creased (弄皱)her face.

“It’s just like my __one,”she laughed.

It’s still going strong. Ruby ___charges six dollars a dress.

On several occasions, my wife and I found 1948 Singer blackheads in antique stores. We __ them and gave them to Ruby. She’s got a lot of___ ahead, and we don’t want her to run out of sewing machines __ she runs out of things to sew.

1A. took out B. gave up C. set about D. put off

2A. drying B. making C. washing D. folding

3A. called B. advised C. changed D. ordered

4A. puzzled B. excited C. frightened D. discouraged

5A. available B. practical C. simple D. helpful

6A. plastic B. metal C. noiseless D. man-made

7A. fix B. link C. use D. get

8A. work B. stay C. matter D. stop

9A. failed B. began C. continued D. meant

10A. invention B. artwork C. bargain D. display

11A. asked B. warned C. told D. reminded

12A. spends B. charges C. saves D. earns

13A. while B. until C. though D. because

14A. sold B. lent C. delivered D. donated

15A. car B. clothes C. machine D. computer

16A. new B. old C. small D. large

17A. still B. once C. already D. never

18A. booked B. bought C. copied D. borrowed

19A. travelling B. learning C. cooking D. sewing

20A. so B. if C. before D. when

【题目】William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757,he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822,and Caroline on September 1st,1848.

Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axial rotation(绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781,when on March 13th he discovered the planet Uranus(天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax(恒星视差).This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum,in honor of the then ruling English king GeorgeⅢ. The trick worked once again, as King GeorgeⅢ gave William and Caroline the titles of“The King’s Astronomer”and“Assistant to the King’s Astronomer”, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to Slough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.

While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite successful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspots(太阳黑子),an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800,he became interested in the solar spectrum(太阳光谱),and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared(红外线).In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.

1Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by .

A.discovering the planet Uranus

B.determining stellar parallax

C.discovering two moons of Uranus

D.uncovering the evidence for the infrared

2It can be inferred from the passage that George Ⅲ .

A.liked science and technology

B.liked Herschel’s naming of the new planet

C.was interested in astronomy

D.gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions

3What do we know about Caroline from the passage?

A.She was successful in music.

B.She was given the title of“The King’s Astronomer”.

C.She died later than her brother.

D.She published two papers.

4This passage mainly tells readers .

A.some information about Herschel and his sister

B.how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet Uranus

C.Herschel and Caroline got along well with each other

D.Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publications

【题目】 Even if you wake up every day with a perfect smile on your face, it can easily be ruined by the difficult people you meet at your workplace. You can’t avoid them because they are already part of your daily life. They make your day stressful which gives you a terrible feeling to leave the work immediately. 1 I will share a few effective strategies which will help you to deal with these difficult people.

Don’t take it personally.

Difficult people see others’ opinion as conflicting (冲突) to their belief. Their behaviour is already a habit to them so if you take it personally, they may even plan to make your life more terrible. Remember the problem is not only with you.2

Listen to what they say.

Sometimes what difficult people want is someone’s attention and love. There are also difficult people who don’t even speak but will just throw you with sullen ( 愠怒的) looks to make you feel uneasy. 3 The thought of you standing there and waiting for a response will make them feel uncomfortable and they will just decide to speak up. If they do, listen carefully and analyze it.

Don’t get discouraged.

I have already told you that it would be really difficult for you to change their behaviour but never give up. It should be you affecting them and not them affecting you.4 They would not interfere (干扰) with you again. If they realize that, you can already enjoy your stay in the office or in the school.

5

Instead of dealing with their pessimistic attitude every day, try to look at what advantages these people have. That way, they will start to like and appreciate you. Also, they won’t give you cold stares any more.

A.See what’s good in these people.

B.Choose topics that you both like.

C.Difficult people are sometimes suffering from low self-esteem (自尊).

D.If this happens, ask them and wait for a minute until he or she speaks.

E.What’s worse is that they can even make your enjoyable day unhealthy.

F.There must be many people who feel annoyed with their unpleasant behaviour.

G.Once they feel that you are different and they can’t beat you, they’ll learn to become distant.

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