题目内容
7.New research shows that kids from low-income families may be falling behind their peers because an important part of their brains is underdeveloped.Researchers from MIT's McGovern Institute for Brain Research compared the brains of 12-and 13-year-olds from rich families with the brains of their peers from lower-income families.They found that one particular area of the brain-the neocortex(新皮质),which plays a key role in memory and learning ability-is thinner in children from lower-income households.
This is a crucial part of the brain for young students,who are often tested based on their ability to recall large chunks of information.Children who had a thinner neocortex performed poorly on standardized tests,researchers found.More than 90% of high-income students scored above average on a statewide math and English/Language Arts standardized test,compared with less than 60% of low-income students.Differences in cortical(脑皮层) thickness could account for almost half of the income-achievement gap in this sample,researchers wrote.
"Just as you would expect,there's a real cost not living in a supportive environment.We can see it not only in test scores,in educational attainment,but within the brains of these children,"says psychological scientist John Gabrieli,a professor of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT and one of the study's authors.
Since a 2011study published by Stanford University professor Sean Reardon found that the gap between standardized test scores of high-income and low-income students has grown by about 40% since the 1960s,there's been a lot of research aimed at finding links between income and achievement,rather than race alone.The MIT study found low-income children were equally likely to have a thinner neocortex,no matter their races.
Gabrieli and his co-authors can't say exactly why poor children's brains develop differently because there are too many possibilities to count.Their findings do,however,underline the importance of early intervention(干预) to ensure that low-income kids get the tools they need to succeed.
24.What's the function of the first paragraph?D
A.To list some findings.
B.To give some advice.
C.To do some comparisons.
D.To show the main idea of the text.
25.What does the underlined word"crucial"in Paragraph 3mean?B
A.Special. B.Important.
C.Separate. D.Unknown.
26.What John Gabrieli says in Paragraph 4mainly shows the importance ofD.
A.cognitive ability
B.educational attainment
C.having developed brains
D.living in supportive surroundings
27.What is the main idea of the passage?D
A.Wealthy parents do better in raising children.
B.Differences exist between poor children and rich ones.
C.Poor children study harder due to their financial conditions.
D.Poor children have thinner neocortex than their wealthy peers.
分析 本文属于科普说明文阅读,来自低收入家庭的孩子可能会落后同龄人,主要是因为大脑中的the neocortex(新皮质)更薄,而这种物质对于记忆以及学习能力至关重要.
解答 24.D.推理判断题.根据第一段New research shows that kids from low-income families may be falling behind their peers because an important part of their brains is underdeveloped可知主要为了显示文本的主要思想;故选D.
25.B.词义猜测题.根据第三段This is a crucial part of the brain for young students,who are often tested based on their ability to recall large chunks of information这是青年学生的大脑的一个重要组成部分,他们往往是基于他们的召回大量信息的能力测试;可知意为重要的;故选B.
26.D.细节理解题.根据第四段Just as you would expect,there's a real cost not living in a supportive environment可知主要讲了生活在支持性环境中的重要性;故选D.
27.D.主旨大意题.文章主要讲了来自低收入家庭的孩子可能会落后同龄人,主要是因为大脑中的the neocortex(新皮质)更薄,而这种物质对于记忆以及学习能力至关重要;故选D.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.
-You'd better _________ the timetable to see when the train leaves.( )
A. | consult | B. | spot | C. | gather | D. | multiply |
At last,Hannah chose soccer.(44)Cthe first soccer meeting was held one week later,she was(45)A.She got a complete surprise when the coach spoke.
He told the schoolgirls,"All I(46)Dis that you try your best;(47)Ayou can achieve a victory is unimportant.I want you to keep(48)Bas a member of this team,to develop your skills."
At the(49)Apractice on Monday,Hannah was standing on the field not(50)Bwhat she was supposed to be doing,when the coach yelled,"Hannah---I can see that you are (51)Cwhat you should do.Good attitude!"Hannah was(52)D.
Two days later,she ran for a ball,tried to kick it,and (53)Ait entirely.The coach said,"Good girl,I like your initiative(积极性).Keep it up."
That Friday,Hannah decided to go for a ball,ran hard,gave it a kick,(54)A,and eventually fell heavily to the ground.She was extremely(55)C.The coach shouted,"See that,girls?"That's the kind of effort we are looking for!"Hannah was laughing as two of her teammates helped her(56)B.
By the end of the season,Hannah was not a(57)Bsoccer player,her team didn't win either.However,Hannah gained a sense of pride.She learned that she could(58)Cnew things without fear of making a fool of herself,and be valued for her(59)D.And that's what a(n)(60)Ateacher can do.
41.A.talk about | B.take up | C.bring in | D.look into |
42.A.soon | B.also | C.just | D.even |
43.A.student | B.danger | C.loser | D.liar |
44.A.After | B.If | C.When | D.Though |
45.A.anxious | B.excited | C.shocked | D.angry |
46.A.agree | B.decide | C.suggest | D.demand |
47.A.whether | B.where | C.how | D.why |
48.A.studying | B.working | C.waiting | D.discussing |
49.A.first | B.next | C.last | D.only |
50.A.showing | B.knowing | C.hearing | D.repeating |
51.A.doing | B.accepting | C.considering | D.explaining |
52.A.scared | B.satisfied | C.amused | D.astonished |
53.A.missed | B.ignored | C.wasted | D.dropped |
54.A.slipped | B.waved | C.tried | D.played |
55.A.confused | B.concerned | C.embarrassed | D.annoyed |
56.A.down | B.up | C.in | D.out |
57.A.professional | B.successful | C.gifted | D.respected |
58.A.make | B.witness | C.attempt | D.expect |
59.A.method | B.confidence | C.ambition | D.effort |
60.A.inspirational | B.experienced | C.primary school | D.PE. |