题目内容

10.Australian cities can keep their native wildlife-but only if they can kick their habit of urban sprawl (无计划的扩展).That's the finding of a new study by leading Australian environmental researchers Jessica Sushinsky,Professor Hugh Possingham and Dr Richard Fuller of The University of Queensland.
"While urban development usually reduces the number of birds in a city,building more compact (紧凑的) cities and avoiding urban sprawl can slow these reductions greatly,"says lead author Jessica Sushinsky."Compact housing development leaves birds'homes untouched,leading to fewer losses of birds."
The researchers surveyed native and wild birds in Brisbane's urban areas,including living and industrial areas,public parks and gardens,major roadways and airports.They then used statistical modeling to find out what will happen to the birds as the city grows.The first setting was compact growth-where multiple homes are built on land that previously had only one house.The second setting was sprawling growth-a familiar pattern where homes are built here and there beyond the city's current boundaries.
The team's forecasts showed that a much greater diversity of species was lost over 20 years in the sprawling setting compared to the more compact setting."Urban sprawl resulted in the disappearance of many urban-sensitive birds-birds that only live in areas where there is native vegetation (植被),such as parklands and woodlands,"Ms Sushinsky says.
"On the other hand,we found the city with the compact development attracted more birds because it kept more of its parks and green areas."
Now the Queensland Government has adopted the more compact urban growth strategy,which,Dr Richard Fuller says,is good news for Australia's native birds.These birds are environmental specialists-they need a particular environment to do well."While compact development means smaller backyards,it can also make our entire cities more biodiverse,"according to Dr Fuller."The study shows that we should hold on to our green spaces instead of clearing them for sprawling development."
This is the first time science has modeled the effects of different urban growth strategies on birds,the researchers say."Statistical models like these are important because they help us to understand the ecological consequences of a particular decision,"says Dr Fuller.
71.The study deals with the relationship betweenA.
A.city development and birds                        B.the environment and birds
C.humans and wildlife                               D.climate and wildlife
72.Why is compact urban growth better than the sprawling strategy?D
A.It makes the cities more beautiful.
B.It gives people larger backyards.
C.It is money-saving.
D.It is bird-friendly.
73.Dr Richard Fuller thinks the Queensland Government's actionB
A.is really brave                                 
B.is worth praising
C.has an uncertain future                        
D.should be performed nationwide
74.What can we learn about the study from the passage?D
A.It is based on the statistics in the past.
B.It is strongly against urban development.
C.It criticizes the city environment in Brisbane.
D.It suggests leaving more green spaces for birds.
75.Where does the passage probably come from?A
A.A news report
B.A travel guide
C.A health magazine
D.A history book.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们介绍了一个关于城市发展模式与鸟类生存之间关系的研究,研究发现,紧凑型的发展模式更有利于鸟类在城市的生存,为了城市生物的多样性,我们应该采取更为紧凑的城市发展战略,尽可能保存城市绿色空间.

解答 71.A.细节理解题.根据文章第二段中的"urban development usually reduces the number of birds in a city,building more compact (紧凑的) cities and avoiding urban sprawl can slow these reductions greatly"可知城市的发展通常会降低城市中的鸟的数量,因此该研究关注的是城市发展与鸟类之间的关系;故选A.
72.D.推理判断题.根据倒数第三段中的"we found the city with the compact development attracted more birds because it kept more of its parks and green areas"可知紧凑型的城市吸引了更多的鸟类,推测紧凑型的发展模式有利于鸟类在城市的生存.故选D.
73.B.推理判断题.根据倒数第二段中的"which,Dr Richard Fuller says,is good news for Australia's native birds"可知,Dr Richard Fuller称赞昆士兰政府的做法;故选B.
74.D.细节理解题.根据文章第一段中的"kick their habit of urban sprawl (城市蔓延)"和第五段中的"we found the city with the compact development attracted more birds because it kept more of its parks and green areas"及倒数第二段中的"The study shows that we should hold on to our green spaces instead of clearing them for sprawling development"可知,研究人员主张城市紧凑型发展,让城市为鸟类保留更多的绿色空间;故选D.
75.A.推理判断题.通读全文,可知本文主要介绍了一个关于城市发展模式与鸟类生存之间关系的研究,列出了充分的实验数据和研究人员的意见,可推断文章最有可能选自一篇新闻报道;故选A.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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15.Two-thirds of the world's major rivers have now been disrupted(中断)with more than 50,000 dams in an attempt to stole water and provide power.In the US,there are more than 85,000 dams,disrupting large and small rives,and in most cases transforming natural flow.The most famous of these,the Hoover Dam,constructed in the l930's,is mainly responsible for the fact that the Colorado River no longer reaches the ocean.
    Dams,besides all their attractive benefits,also have negative impacts.Creating a reservoir means a large area must be flooded.Communities may lose their land,houses and culturally impotent sites.
    Environmentally,the new reservoir can be a paradise for wildlife,especially birds.However,it can cause greenhouse gas emissions(排放)and poison the water for fish.Also,the dramatic rise and fall of water levels during dam releases is too extreme for plains and animals to cope with,resulting in dead zones around the shores of reservoirs.Fish that lay their eggs in the shallows,for example,may find a few hours later that those sites are high and dry.
    Dams don't just block water flow.They also prevent fish migrations,and are a barrier to sediment (沉淀物)flows.Instead of rushing downriver,sediments get backed up against the dam wall,which cause the reservoir level to increase over time.However,sediments which are rich in nutrients have become a problem.The fertility of the entire system can be influenced,with soils lost during seasonal rains not being replaced.
     Perhaps the biggest problem can be seen in deltas(三角洲),often host to large cities,which are sinking into the oceans.Groundwater is being extracted to feed the city,causing the urban weight to sink and sediments washed away by the ocean are no longer being replaced.The result is that sea level rise in cities from Shanghai to Alexandria.
51.What effects does creating a reservoir have on people's life?D
  a.People will see fewer birds near the rivers.
  b.Farmers below the dam may have less water to irrigate their fields
  c.Visitors can't see some cultural relics anymore.
  d.More conflicts and wars over water will break out
  e.More kinds of fish will become extinct in the future
  A.a,c    B.c,e    C.b,e   D.b,c
52.With many dams built across rivers,fish willB
  A.find more places to lay their eggs    B.face a more dangerous living habitat
  C.feed on more sediment rich in nutrients D.find it easier to deal with the rise of water
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  A.Its entire system will be influenced.    B.The rainy season will last longer.
  C.It will lie below sea level in the future   D.Rich soils will be washed away
54.What does the text mainly talk about?A
  A.Environmental loss of dams.B.Cultural loss of dams
  C.Economical gain of dams      D.Environmental benefits of dams
55.Where can we most probably read this passage?C
    A.In a travel magazine     B.In a personal diary
    C.In a science report       D.In a biology textbook.
9.Today,paper-making is a big business.But it is still possible to make paper by hand,since the steps are the same as using big machines.
You should use paper with small amounts of printing.Old envelopes are good for this reason.Colored paper also can be used,as well as small amounts of newspaper.Small pieces of rags or cloth can be added.These should be cut into pieces about five centimeters by five centimeters.
Everything is placed in a container,covered with water and brought to a boil.It is mixed for about two hours with some common chemicals and then allowed to cool.Then it is left until most of the water dries up.The substance left,called pulp(纸浆),can be stored until you are ready to make paper.
When you are ready,the pulp is mixed with water again.Then the pulp is poured into a mold.The mold is made of small squares of wire that hold the shape and thickness of the paper.To help dry the paper,the mold lets the water flow through the small wire squares.
After several more drying steps,the paper is carefully lifted back from the mold.It is now strong enough to be touched.
The paper is smoothed and pressed to remove trapped air.You can use a common electric iron used for pressing clothes.

24.It is suggested that we"should choose paper with small amounts of printing"toA
A.make paper by ourselves                B.renew the old envelopes
C.make various colored paper             D.create our own newspaper
25.Whether the paper is strong enough to be touched is determined byC.
A.how long the pulp is stored            B.how thick the paper is
C.how much water remains                 D.what type of chemicals are used
26.When the paper is lifted from the mold,it is time toA.
A.make it smooth                       B.make it strong
C.decorate it                          D.use an iron
27.The passage is most probably intended toB.
A.introduce the history of paper-making
B.describe the process of paper-making
C.compare the ancient with the modern paper-making
D.argue about the possibility of paper-making by hand.

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