题目内容

15.Two-thirds of the world's major rivers have now been disrupted(中断)with more than 50,000 dams in an attempt to stole water and provide power.In the US,there are more than 85,000 dams,disrupting large and small rives,and in most cases transforming natural flow.The most famous of these,the Hoover Dam,constructed in the l930's,is mainly responsible for the fact that the Colorado River no longer reaches the ocean.
    Dams,besides all their attractive benefits,also have negative impacts.Creating a reservoir means a large area must be flooded.Communities may lose their land,houses and culturally impotent sites.
    Environmentally,the new reservoir can be a paradise for wildlife,especially birds.However,it can cause greenhouse gas emissions(排放)and poison the water for fish.Also,the dramatic rise and fall of water levels during dam releases is too extreme for plains and animals to cope with,resulting in dead zones around the shores of reservoirs.Fish that lay their eggs in the shallows,for example,may find a few hours later that those sites are high and dry.
    Dams don't just block water flow.They also prevent fish migrations,and are a barrier to sediment (沉淀物)flows.Instead of rushing downriver,sediments get backed up against the dam wall,which cause the reservoir level to increase over time.However,sediments which are rich in nutrients have become a problem.The fertility of the entire system can be influenced,with soils lost during seasonal rains not being replaced.
     Perhaps the biggest problem can be seen in deltas(三角洲),often host to large cities,which are sinking into the oceans.Groundwater is being extracted to feed the city,causing the urban weight to sink and sediments washed away by the ocean are no longer being replaced.The result is that sea level rise in cities from Shanghai to Alexandria.
51.What effects does creating a reservoir have on people's life?D
  a.People will see fewer birds near the rivers.
  b.Farmers below the dam may have less water to irrigate their fields
  c.Visitors can't see some cultural relics anymore.
  d.More conflicts and wars over water will break out
  e.More kinds of fish will become extinct in the future
  A.a,c    B.c,e    C.b,e   D.b,c
52.With many dams built across rivers,fish willB
  A.find more places to lay their eggs    B.face a more dangerous living habitat
  C.feed on more sediment rich in nutrients D.find it easier to deal with the rise of water
53.How can dams influence the cities like Shanghai?C
  A.Its entire system will be influenced.    B.The rainy season will last longer.
  C.It will lie below sea level in the future   D.Rich soils will be washed away
54.What does the text mainly talk about?A
  A.Environmental loss of dams.B.Cultural loss of dams
  C.Economical gain of dams      D.Environmental benefits of dams
55.Where can we most probably read this passage?C
    A.In a travel magazine     B.In a personal diary
    C.In a science report       D.In a biology textbook.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述的是人类在世界各地修建的大坝对环境造成的影响.它不仅淹没了一些文化遗迹,还导致下游的农民无法灌溉农作物,更使得三角洲的一些大城市面临被海水淹没的危险,因此对于大坝的建造一定要谨慎,不要因一时的利益造成更大的损失.

解答 51.D.细节理解题.根据文章第二段"Communities may lose their land,houses and culturally impotent sites"和第四段"The fertility of the entire system can be influenced,with soils lost during seasonal rains not being replaced"可知,随着大坝的修建,蓄水淹没了一些文化遗迹,还导致下游的农民无法灌溉农作物,故选D.
52.B.推理判断题.根据文章第三段中的"it can cause greenhouse gas emissions and poison the water"可知,随着大坝的修建,蓄水会释放出温室气体,使水有毒,所以鱼的生活环境会变得危险,故选B.
53.C.细节理解题.根据文章最后一段中的"Perhaps the biggest problem can be seen in deltas(三角洲),often host to large cities,which are sinking into the oceans"可知,三角洲中的大型城市可能会被海水淹没,上海正属于位于三角洲的大型城市,因此很可能被海水淹没,故选C.
54.A.主旨大意题.通读全文可知,本文主要讲的是修建大坝对环境造成的影响,它淹没了一些文化遗迹,还导致下游的农民无法灌溉农作物,更使得三角洲的一些大城市面临淹没的危险,可知主旨为大坝对环境的危害;故选A.
55.C.推理判断题.通读全文可知本文主要讲的是修建大坝对环境造成的影响,给出了实例充分说明了这个观点,语言十分严谨,可推出这是一份科学报告;故选C.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

练习册系列答案
相关题目
3.A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct species.The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants-the Asian elephant,African forest elephant and African savanna (热带草原) elephant.
Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils,mammoths and mastodons,the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants.They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.
The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephants and the African forest elephants have been distinct species for several million years.The separation of the two species took place around the time of the separation of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths.This result amazed all the scientists.
There has long been a debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.
Previously,many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the elephants'significant size differences.The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5metres.The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons,roughly double the weight of the forest elephant.But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species.However,the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.
Alfred Roca,assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University of Minois,said,"We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation (保护) purpose.Since 1950all African elephants have been conserved as one species.Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals,the forest elephant should become a bigger priority for conservation purpose."

70.One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that ofD.
A.the Asian elephant                  
B.the forest elephant
C.the savanna elephant                
D.the mastodon elephant
71.The researcher's conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant'sA.
A.DNA           B.height          C.weight        D.population
72.Alfred Roca's words were mainly aboutB.
A.the purpose of studying African elephants
B.the conservation of African elephants
C.the way to divide African elephants into two units
D.the reason for the distinction of African elephants
73.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?C
A.Naturalist's Belief about Elephants.
B.Amazing Experiment about Elephants.
C.An Unexpected Finding about Elephants.
D.A Long scientific Debate about Elephants.
10.Australian cities can keep their native wildlife-but only if they can kick their habit of urban sprawl (无计划的扩展).That's the finding of a new study by leading Australian environmental researchers Jessica Sushinsky,Professor Hugh Possingham and Dr Richard Fuller of The University of Queensland.
"While urban development usually reduces the number of birds in a city,building more compact (紧凑的) cities and avoiding urban sprawl can slow these reductions greatly,"says lead author Jessica Sushinsky."Compact housing development leaves birds'homes untouched,leading to fewer losses of birds."
The researchers surveyed native and wild birds in Brisbane's urban areas,including living and industrial areas,public parks and gardens,major roadways and airports.They then used statistical modeling to find out what will happen to the birds as the city grows.The first setting was compact growth-where multiple homes are built on land that previously had only one house.The second setting was sprawling growth-a familiar pattern where homes are built here and there beyond the city's current boundaries.
The team's forecasts showed that a much greater diversity of species was lost over 20 years in the sprawling setting compared to the more compact setting."Urban sprawl resulted in the disappearance of many urban-sensitive birds-birds that only live in areas where there is native vegetation (植被),such as parklands and woodlands,"Ms Sushinsky says.
"On the other hand,we found the city with the compact development attracted more birds because it kept more of its parks and green areas."
Now the Queensland Government has adopted the more compact urban growth strategy,which,Dr Richard Fuller says,is good news for Australia's native birds.These birds are environmental specialists-they need a particular environment to do well."While compact development means smaller backyards,it can also make our entire cities more biodiverse,"according to Dr Fuller."The study shows that we should hold on to our green spaces instead of clearing them for sprawling development."
This is the first time science has modeled the effects of different urban growth strategies on birds,the researchers say."Statistical models like these are important because they help us to understand the ecological consequences of a particular decision,"says Dr Fuller.
71.The study deals with the relationship betweenA.
A.city development and birds                        B.the environment and birds
C.humans and wildlife                               D.climate and wildlife
72.Why is compact urban growth better than the sprawling strategy?D
A.It makes the cities more beautiful.
B.It gives people larger backyards.
C.It is money-saving.
D.It is bird-friendly.
73.Dr Richard Fuller thinks the Queensland Government's actionB
A.is really brave                                 
B.is worth praising
C.has an uncertain future                        
D.should be performed nationwide
74.What can we learn about the study from the passage?D
A.It is based on the statistics in the past.
B.It is strongly against urban development.
C.It criticizes the city environment in Brisbane.
D.It suggests leaving more green spaces for birds.
75.Where does the passage probably come from?A
A.A news report
B.A travel guide
C.A health magazine
D.A history book.
7.In the past decade the popularity of rock climbing has greatly increased,and so has the number of injuries.It has been estimated that rock climbing is now enjoyed by more than 9million people in the US each year.Study findings revealed a 65percent increase in the number of patients that were treated in US emergency departments for rock climbingrelated injuries between 1991and 2008.
The study,published in the online issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine,found that about 40,000patients were treated in US emergency departments for rock climbingrelated injuries between 1991and 2008.The most common types of rock climbingrelated injuries were fractures (骨折) and sprains (扭伤).The ankle was the most common body part to be injured (40percent).Climbers in the study ranged in age from 2to 74,with an average age of 26.The study also found that women took up a quarter of the injuries.
Falls were the primary reason for injury with over threequarters of the injuries occurring as the result of a fall.The severity of fallrelated injuries had a lot to do with the height of the fall.Patients who were injured after falling from a height over 20feet were 10times more likely to be treated than patients who were injured falling from 20feet or lower.
"We found that the climbers who fell from heights higher than 20 feet took up 70 percent of the patients treated for a rock climbingrelated injury,"explained the study author Lara McKenzie,PhD,director at the Center for Injury Research and Policy at Nationwide Hospital."This trend,combined with the fact that rock climbers have a higher hospitalization rate than other sports and recreational injuries,demonstrates the need to increase injury prevention efforts for climbers."

26.Which body part is most likely to get injured for a climber?B
A.The arm.  B.The ankle.  C.The knee.  D.The hand.
27.How many women climbers in America got injured while climbing a rock between 1991and 2008?D
A.About 40,000.  B.About 30,000.
C.About 20,000.  D.About 10,000.
28.The severity of climbers'fallrelated injures is mainly related toA.
A.the height of the fall              B.the climber's age
C.the climber's health conditions    D.the climber's climbing experience
29.The underlined word"demonstrates"in the last paragraph can be replaced by"C".
A.demands               B.prevents
C.proves               D.describes
30.The purpose of the passage is toA.
A.show that rock climbingrelated injuries have increased
B.tell readers rock climbing is an adventurous sport
C.warn readers of the danger of rock climbing
D.call on doctors to increase injury prevention efforts.
4.EDGEWOOD-Every morning at Dixie Heights High school,customers pour into a special experiment:the district's first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs.
Well before classes start,students and teachers order Lattes,Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates.Then,during the first period,teachers call in orders on their room phones,and students make deliveries.By closing time at 9:20a.m.,the shop usually sells 90drinks."Whoever made the chi tea,Ms.Schatzman says it was good,"Christy McKinley,a second year student,announced recently,after hanging up with the teacher.
The shop is called the Dixie PIT,which stands for Power in Transition.Although some of the students are not disabled,many are,and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs.They keep a timecard and receive paychecks,which they keep in check registers.
Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia.Not that it was easy.Chevalier's first problem to overcome was product-related.Should schools be selling coffee?What about sugar content?Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped.She made sure all the drinks,which use non-fat milk,fell within nutrition guidelines.
21.The coffee shop is mostly run byC.
A.all the students                           
B.all the teachers
C.students with special learning needs          
D.some special-education teachers
22.When does the coffee shop close?B
A.In the early morning.
B.At 9:20a.m.
C.At 9a.m.
D.In the afternoon.
23.The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order toD.
A.raise money for school affairs                 
B.do some research on nutrition
C.supply teachers with drinks                   
D.develop students'practical skills.

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网