题目内容

5.Some people may be born happy,while others are genetically negative,scientists have suggested in a study published late February in a British journal.
Earlier research had already established that the gene known as 5-HTTLPR plays a key role in determining how the neurotransmitter (神经传递素) serotonin works within the brain.Serotonin,a hormone (荷尔蒙),passes chemical messages between nerve cells.It has been closely linked to mood.Several anti-depressant (抗抑郁) drugs regulate serotonin levels.
Scientists had also identified three variants (变体) of the gene.Two so-called"short"variants were linked to a higher risk of depression and suicide (自杀) attempts.Unlike the two"short"variants,the"long"variant of 5-HTTLPR showed a clear dislike of negative images,such as fierce animals,and a clear liking for positive ones,such as flowers.
Researchers from the University of Essex in Britain showed participants a series of images,which were divided into three kinds:negative ones aimed at inspiring fear or stress such as a snake or person about to commit suicide,pleasant ones and neutral (中性的) ones.
The participants who had the long variant of the 5-HTTLPR gene"showed a clear dislike of negative material alongside a careful attention for positive material,"the researchers found.They paid close attention to the pretty pictures,and ignored the frightening ones.On the other hand,the short variant groups had the opposite reaction.
In January,the Australian government organized"happiness workshops",teaching government staff how to be happy.The department that held the"happiness workshops"said unhappy staff weren't productive staff.
Australian political opposition parties have argued that the"happiness workshops"are probably a waste of money and couldn't increase productivity as intended.However,whether the workshop will have a happy or disappointing result,we will have to wait and see.

71.Various kinds of images were shown to the participants toC.
A.draw their attention
B.cater to their different tastes
C.find out about their reactions
D.teach them to improve their artistic appreciation
72.The"short"variants of 5-HTTLPR differ from the"long"variants of 5-HTTLPR in thatB.
A.the former is connected with positive mood while the latter negative
B.the former is connected with negative mood while the latter positive
C.the former has a greater effect on one's mood than the latter
D.the latter has a greater effect on one's mood than the former
73.Which of the following statements is true about"happiness workshops"?D
A.Most people believe that they are a waste of money.
B.They will be beneficial in the long run.
C.The purpose of"happiness workshops"is to teach all Australians to be happy.
D.They are organized in the belief that happy staff can work more efficiently.
74.It can be learned from the article thatA.
A.drugs can be used to control people's serotonin levels
B.happiness is more important than sadness
C.nothing can affect our mood
D.people with the short variant of 5-HTTLPR prefer a flower to a snake
75.The article is mainly aboutB.
A.the reason for the foundation of"happiness workshops"
B.the link between people's mood and their gene
C.the study on people's likes and dislikes
D.the differences in people's attitude towards life.

分析 本文是一篇说明文,主要展现一种关于人们对于幸福的看法,他们认为影响幸福和快乐的因素,一个的天生原因,一种是来自身体中的基因等科学问题.

解答 71-75 CBDAB
71.C 细节题 根据文章第四五段的内容可知,向与会人员展示的主要目的是为获取他们的不同反应,以此来证实科学实验的结果,故选C
72.B 细节理解题 根据The participants who had the long variant of the 5-HTTLPR gene"showed a clear dislike of negative material alongside a careful attention for positive material,"the researchers found.可知,有长5-HTT LPR基因的参与者表明对消极材料不喜欢而对积极材料特别关注,故答案为B
73.D 推理判断题 根据In January,the Australian government organized"happiness workshops",teaching government staff how to be happy.The department that held the"happiness workshops"said unhappy staff weren't productive staff.可知,幸福工作坊是由国家公开举办的,并且认为不快乐的员工是没有成效的员工,故选D
74.A 细节理解题 根据It has been closely linked to mood.Several anti-depressant (抗抑郁) drugs regulate serotonin levels.可知,血清素可以调节几种抗抑郁药物调节血清素水平,故答案为A
75.B 主旨大意题 根据文章内容可以判断出本文的主要内容是讲述关于人类基因和情绪的研究,故选B

点评 做阅读时经常犯错的主要原因是,仅凭读过文章后残留在脑海中的一丝印象来勾选答案,这样便很容易掉入出题人故意设布下的题目陷阱.所谓阅读理解,对于题目的理解一定要忠实于原文,因此,每一道题都应该与原文作全面的对比与核查,再得出答案.也就是说,阅读理解的每一道题目,在原文都应该有明确的出处,我们把这一出处叫做原文相关句,(1)排除与原文相关句主题不一致的选项(2)排除与原文相关句态度相反的选项  (3)排除用于过于极端或负面的选项(4)注意结合文章主旨和主题去排除.

练习册系列答案
相关题目
15.Bali is a tiny island that is part of Indonesia(印度尼西亚) today.It is a pretty island that has many mountains and a pleasant climate.For a long time,Bali was cut off from much of the world.
The people of Bali were happy and had a peaceful life.They were not allowed to fight.At one time there had been terrible wars on Bali.Then the people decided it was wrong to fight or have wars.They made rules to keep apart those people who wanted to fight.
Bali was divided into seven small kingdoms.The land around each kingdom was kept empty,and no one lived there.Since the kingdoms did not share the same borders(边界),the people could not fight about them.
On Bali,even children were not allowed to fight.If two children started a fight over a toy,someone separated them.When two boys argued,they would agree not to speak to each other.Sometimes they did not talk together for months; this gave the boys a chance to forget their anger.
Families who were angry with each other also promised not to speak.Their promise was written down,and the whole village knew about it.If they broke their promise,they had to offer gifts to their gods.
45.The people of BaliB.
A.fought for a long time                   
B.lived a happy and peaceful life
C.is cut off from much of the world          
D.quarreled about their borders
46.How did the people of Bali prevent fighting from breaking out?A
A.Land was kept empty around each kingdom and no one lived there.
B.They made strict rules to punish those who wanted to fight.
C.The island was divided into seven kingdoms.
D.They shared the same borders.
47.Bali is an island belonging toC.
A.Europe        B.Africa          C.Asia          D.America
48.Which of the following is not true according to the passage?D
A.At one time there were terrible wars on the island.
B.You'll hardly see children fighting on the island.
C.Bali is a beautiful island with many mountains and nice weather.
D.People had to offer gifts to the villagers if they broke their promise.
16.46.Clare is a full-time homemaker with two daughters.She wants to find an apartment with two bedrooms.She has a habit of taking a walk every evening with her husband in the park,so she'd like an apartment that is near such a place.C
47.Mr.Jones attaches high importance to his son's education.Recently,he has been considering sending his son to a good school.There being no such schools around,his whole family has to move.Since his work requires that he go abroad often,an apartment near an airport would be ideal for him.B
48.Mr.and Mrs.Burrow want to change their living environment.They want to move into a new two-bedroom apartment.They don't care about other community features as long as there is an indoor swimming pool since their nine-year-old grandson is very fond of swimming.A
49.Lily is a high school student and she lives with her sister who works downtown.As the place where they are living now is very noisy and is extremely inconvenient for both shopping and transportation,they are planning to move to a new place that is totally different and is good for her studies.F
50.Charles and his friends want to relax themselves after the semester's tense study.They want to find a very big apartment to live for the whole holiday.What they desire to do is not different from what other young people want to do.They want to swim,hold BBQs,exercise,go shopping and things like that.E

下面是一些租房信息:
A.Brook Lane offers spacious one-and two-bedroom apartments.Our apartment community features great amenities(便利设施),including an indoor swimming pool,a community room and ample storage.Our community is conveniently located near all the dining,shopping,and entertainment Brown Deer offers.Call Brook Lane apartments today to tour your new apartment home!To learn more please call toll free(免费拨打)on(866)647-2919ext.33079.
B.Deer Run's luxurious residential setting offers excellent schools and countless restaurants.The apartments are located in highly-rated Carrollton School District,only 5-10minutes to the area's best private schools t 20minutes from the University of Dallas & Brookhaven CC,25minutes from DFW Airport & Love Field Airport,and 15minutes from premier shopping at the Galleria.
C.The apartment is located in a four-family building.The size of one bedroom is 9'x 10'and the other is 11'x 15'.The floors are hardwood and the apartment comes with all the appliances a family may need.The building is close to a park.To learn more please call toll free on(866)647-2919ext.31072.
D.Enjoy all that St.Mary's Woods has to offer.Each apartment is designed with features to provide inviting and convenient living for busy lifestyles of today.Spacious interiors include digital cable or satellite TV access and high speed Internet access.We're conveniently located just minutes from Highways 217and 26,downtown,shopping,schools and fine dining.
E.Stroll through The Promenade and stop to relax in the beautiful garden courtyard and pool area.Each apartment is very spacious with three bedrooms.Community amenities include:a community pool,a fitness centre,a picnic and barbecue area,landscaped courtyards and close proximity to(靠近)the downtown area.To learn more please call toll free on(866)647-2919ext.34092.
F.Tuscany Cove is just minutes from I-215,so it's a quick drive to the airport or downtown.Furthermore,our apartments are energy-efficient and close to public transportation(we're on a bus line),shopping,dining,and schools.All apartments include two bedrooms as well as a study.To learn more please call toll free on(866)647-2919ext.32019.
13.Eat healthier.Exercise twice a week.Read more books.Lose weight.We make the same resolutions(决心) every year,but most of us fail,dying out after only a few days or,at best,weeks.Even the most successful among us crash and burn when it comes to personal change.President-elect Barack Obama struggles to remove his cigarette habit.
 Professionals who help people make changes in their lives suggest the change is determined not by one's surroundings,but one's mind.Beginning with small goals or steps usually leads to a bigger payoff later,they say.But they caution that the experience is different for everyone.
"People are more likely to make positive changes in their lives not only when their friends do,but when their friends of friends do,and when their friends of friends of friends do,"said Nicholas Christakis,a professor of medical sociology at Harvard University."People are better able to make changes in their lives-lose weight,quit smoking,become happy-when they do this with a large number of other people,and so taking advantage of your social network ties can result in a magnification of your own efforts."
    Jhonny Augustin understands that well.His resolution for 2008 was to shed 30 pounds from his 237-pound frame.But the change didn't come easily.He said,"I'm a huge procrastinator,I kept putting it off until tomorrow.I didn't get to do it until the summer."However,Augustin got inspired when he saw his older brother working out.Today,Augustin weighs 190 pounds.
"Of course,change can happen only if people don't set their expectations too high or try to tackle too many changes at once; one of the biggest mistakes we make is setting unrealistic goals,"said Dalia Llera,a psychologist and associate professor of counseling and psychology at Lesley University."You can't accomplish in a few weeks what you haven't accomplished in a few years,"said Llera.
46.From the first paragraph we can infer that.A
A.change for a person is challenging
B.famous people have great determination
C.most people don't want to change themselves
D.personal change is beyond belief
47.It is known from Nicholas christkis that.B
A.making a change is easier with support from a cheerful group of friends
B.social networks have great effect on one's change
C.people who have the same attitude often get together
D.people's mood can contribute to their efforts
48.The word"procrastinator"in Paragraph 4 refers to those who.C
A.have great determination to make a change
B.have no desire to do something great
C.put off work especially because of laziness
D.have habitual carelessness and laziness
49.According to the passage,Dalia Liera suggested that.D
A.people should understand their goals well
B.people should try their best to change themselves
C.people should have confidence and positive habits
D.people should start with setting small goals to meet
50.The passage is mainly about.D
A.the reason why losing weight is so hard
B.the effect of the positive change
C.the attitudes towards change in life
D.the ways of making a change.
20.Jack lay quiet and unmoving,for thirty minutes while a stranger repeatedly stabbed(刺)him  with sharp needles,causing blood to pour steadily out of his leg.Jack was getting a tattoo.His friend Tony had recently gotten a tattoo,and Jack was so impressed by it that he decided to get one too.Peer pressure,media influence.and personal expression are some of the common reasons for wearing tattoos today.
The desire to be accepted by one's friends or peers can have a great influence on what a person does.Sometimes wearing a tattoo can be sign that you belong to a certain group.Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group.Some of these groups wear only brand-name clothes.Others wear tattoos.When a person's friends are all doing something,that person is more likely to do the same thing.
The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America.A wide variety of media images (人物,图象)show tattoo-people appearing in commercials selling expensive cars,famous sports heroes with tattoos in magazine,fashion models wearing designer cloths that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colorful patterns.These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth,success,and status.As a result,many people decide to get a tattoo fir its fashion and status value.
Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature,their beliefs,or their feelings-in other words,to show their individuality(个性).A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm.Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders.A tattoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a person's life.
As you can see,there are many reasons why young North American get tattoos.A tattoo can be part of a group's uniform,a sign of fashion or an expression of individuality.The decision to get a tattoo is most often a result of the influence of friends or media or the desire to express oneself.For Jack,it was a mixture of all three.

66.Jack has got tattoos in order toD.
A.show his great bravery      B.gain a special experience
C.make himself more healthy   D.be different from others
67.According to the passage,media image are linked toB.
A.traditional life style    B.social position
C.cultural background       D.public interest
68.We can infer from the passage thatA.
A.some people get tattoos out of pressure
B.tattoo is related to religious belief
C.getting tattoos costs a lot of money
D.most people with tattoos are artist
69.What is the best title of the text?C
A.Peer pressure,media influence,and personal expression
B.The advantages of getting tattoos
C.Why people getting tattoos
D.The popularity of tattoos
70.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?D
CP:Central Point P:Point  Sp:Sub-point(次要点)  C:Conclusion
10.The food we eat seems to have great effects on our health.Although science has made great steps in making food more fit to eat,it has,at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to diet as well.Different cultures are subject to certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery.
In 1945,government researchers realized that nitrates(硝酸盐) and nitrites(亚硝酸盐),commonly used to keep color in meats,and other food additives,caused cancer.Yet,these additives remain in our food,and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels(标签) of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin to cows and chick and because of this,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows.
Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medicinal purposes,but for financial reasons.The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market.Although the FDA has tried repeatedly to control these,the practices continue.

59.How has science done a bad service to mankind?C
A.Diseases caused by food have been done away with.
B.It has caused a lack of information about the value of food.
C.Some harmful materials have been added to our food.
D.Scientists have made food more expensive to eat.
60.What are nitrates used for?B
A.They help process packaged food.
B.They keep the color in meats.
C.They cure diseases of cows and chickens.
D.They cause the animals to become fatter.
61.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A
A.You can find out harmful additives on the packaging labels of food.
B.Drugs given to animals are not all for medical reasons.
C.Researchers knew about the harm of food additives about 60years ago.
D.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in the world.
62.According to the passage,the FDA might beA.
A.an organization which controls the safety of food
B.a producer which makes additives
C.a factory which processes food
D.a hospital which cures cancer.
17.At the middle school level,there are many academic clubs in which students can participate.Students can choose clubs that focus on an area of interest.
Mathcounts Club
         Mathcounts tries to increase excitement towards mathematic achievement.It hopes to provide students with the foundation for success in science,technology,engineering and mathematics careers.Schools select individuals and teams to participate in competitions.Local competitions are held in February with winners progressing to state competitions and then on to the national level.Mathcounts works to challenge student math skills,develop self-confidence and give rewards for their achievements.
Envirothon
         The Envirothon program focuses on natural resources knowledge and exposes students to diverse environmental issues,ecosystems,and topography.The ecology field competition for five-member middle school teams offers competitions in wildlife,soils,forestry,current environmental issues and aquatics.Students work and learn in middle school clubs and can compete at the local and state level.
Future Problem Solvers
         Future Problem Solvers is an academic club that uses a six-step process to solve problems that may happen in the future.Students who are in the talented and gifted program,who like to"think out of the box,"or who enjoy thinking about futuristic problems may like this club.Teams comprised of four students read future scenes and write up solutions in a booklet using the six-step process.Teams that score high enough can go to the state competition and then to the international competition.
Builders Club
         Builders Club is open to any middle school student who wishes to perform community service.Each Builders Club is co-sponsored by a Kiwanis club and the middle school.The members learn by doing,and they learn organization,teamwork,and leadership.Builders Clubs can sponsor a"Teacher of the Year"program,provide a recycling collection point,organize canned food and clothing drives to support local shelters,adopt a resident at a local senior citizens home,adopt a highway,tutor,etc.
         Middle school academic clubs offer students a place to explore interests or talents.The clubs they join in middle school can help guide choices in high school and beyond.
 
59.The students who are not interested in competitions woudld like to chooseB.
A.Mathecounts Club                                         
B.Builders Club
C.Future Problem Solvers                                
D.Envirothon
60.Why do some of the students choose Mathcounts Club?A
A.To be successful in science careers.
B.To enjoy solving future problems.
C.To perform community service.
D.To study wildlife and soils.
61.What is the common feature of the four clubs?B
A.Competitions.
B.Sponsorship.
C.Scientific researches.
D.Teamwork.
62.The passage mainly talks aboutB.
A.the state academic competitions            
B.middle school clubs
C.extra-curricular activities                         
D.the gifted students.
14.It is common to consider learning as something that takes place in school,but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom,even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school,young children learn to walk,to talk,and to use their hands to use toys,food,and other objects.They use all of their senses to learn about the sights,sounds,tastes,and smells in their environments.They learn how to communicate with their parents,grandparents, siblings,friends,and other people important to their world.When they enter school,children learn basic academic subjects such as reading,writing,and mathematics.They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom.They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished.They learn social skills for communicating with other children.After they finish school,people must learn to deal with many major changes that affect their lives,such as getting married,raising children,and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do,the study of learning is important in many different fields.Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children.Psychologists,social workers,criminologists,and other human?service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people's behaviors.Employers,politicians,and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to affect the behaviors of workers,voters,and consumers.
Learning is closely related to memory,which is the storage of information in the brain.Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge,where this storage takes place,and how the brain later outputs knowledge when we need it.In contrast,psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person's experiences.

68.The underlined"siblings"in the second paragraph probably meansD.
A.teachers     B.classmates     
C.doctors      D.brothers or sisters
69.Which period of children's life does they begin to know to behave well according to the passage?C
A.After they go into society          B.Before they enter school
C.When they are at school             D.Before they are born
70.Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?A
A.As a matter of fact,learning begins with formal school education.
B.Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students.
C.People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors.
D.Employers should study the principles of learning to manage their workers well.
71.The author mainly tries to tell usDin the last paragraph.
A.learning is only related to memory and experiences
B.psychologists are interested in how the brain stores knowledge
C.psychologists are more interested in a person's behavior
D.how the relationship between learning,brain and behavior works.

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网