题目内容

10.The food we eat seems to have great effects on our health.Although science has made great steps in making food more fit to eat,it has,at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to diet as well.Different cultures are subject to certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery.
In 1945,government researchers realized that nitrates(硝酸盐) and nitrites(亚硝酸盐),commonly used to keep color in meats,and other food additives,caused cancer.Yet,these additives remain in our food,and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels(标签) of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin to cows and chick and because of this,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows.
Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medicinal purposes,but for financial reasons.The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market.Although the FDA has tried repeatedly to control these,the practices continue.

59.How has science done a bad service to mankind?C
A.Diseases caused by food have been done away with.
B.It has caused a lack of information about the value of food.
C.Some harmful materials have been added to our food.
D.Scientists have made food more expensive to eat.
60.What are nitrates used for?B
A.They help process packaged food.
B.They keep the color in meats.
C.They cure diseases of cows and chickens.
D.They cause the animals to become fatter.
61.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A
A.You can find out harmful additives on the packaging labels of food.
B.Drugs given to animals are not all for medical reasons.
C.Researchers knew about the harm of food additives about 60years ago.
D.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in the world.
62.According to the passage,the FDA might beA.
A.an organization which controls the safety of food
B.a producer which makes additives
C.a factory which processes food
D.a hospital which cures cancer.

分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读,主要讲了有些人为了金钱的利益而向食品中添加各种直接或间接有害于人体的物质.

解答 59-62.CBAA
59题答案:C考查细节推理,根据原文第二段的In 1945,government researchers realized that nitrates(硝酸盐) and nitrites(亚硝酸盐),commonly used to keep color in meats,and other food additives,caused cancer.1945年,政府研究者意识到通常被用于保持肉类色泽的硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐及其它食品添加剂会致癌.可知本题答案为C选项.
60题答案:B考查细节推理,根据原文第二段的In 1945,government researchers realized that nitrates(硝酸盐) and nitrites(亚硝酸盐),commonly used to keep color in meats…"1945年,政府研究者意识到通常被用于保持肉类色泽的硝酸盐…"可知本题答案为B选项.
61题答案:A考查细节推理,根据原文第二段的and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels(标签) of processed food are helpful or harmful.而且一直以来想要知道生产出来的食物标签上的哪些东西是有益的还是有害的变得越来越难.可知本题答案为A选项.
62题答案:A考查细节推理,根据最后的一句Although the FDA has tried repeatedly to control these,the practices continue.尽管FDA反复尽力控制这些(人们为了经济利益而向动物食品中添加青霉素的行为),但是这些做法依然继续.可知FDA是一个管控食品安全的组织,故本题答案为A选项.

点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读,题目涉及多道细节理解题,做题时结合原文和题目有针对 性找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案.

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20.As more people use smart phones to pay bills and store personal information,strict password security has become more important than ever.A new study shows that free-form gestures-sweeping fingers in shapes across the screen of a smart phone-can be used to unlock phones.These gestures are less likely to be observed and reproduced by others than traditional typed passwords.
"All that it takes to steal a password is a quick eye,"said one of the researchers of the study."With all the personal information we have on our phones today,improving their security is becoming increasingly necessary."In developing a secure solution to this problem,the researchers studied the practicality of using free-form gestures.With the ability to create any shape in any size and location on the screen,the gestures were popular as passwords.Since users create them without following a template,the researchers predicted these gestures would allow for greater complexity.
The researchers carried out a create-test-retest experiment where 63people were asked to create a gesture,recall it,and recall it again 10days later.The gestures were captured on a recognizer system designed by the team.Using this data,they tested the complexity and accuracy of each gesture using information theory.The result of their analysis is that people are favorable to use free-form gestures as passwords.
To put their analysis into practice,the researchers then had seven students in computer science and engineering,each with considerable experience with touchscreens(触摸屏),attempt to steal a free-form gesture password by observing a phone user secretly.None of them were able to copy the gestures with enough accuracy.The gestures appear to be extremely powerful against attacks.
Though the testing is in its early stage and widespread adaptation of this technology is not yet clear,the research team plans to continue to analyze the security and management of free-form passwords in the future.They believe this is the first study to explore free-form gestures as passwords.They will soon publish their findings.

32.What can we learn about free-form gestures?A
A.They are improving mobile security in a way.
B.Users will have to make use of simple gestures.
C.They will never be copied by others.
D.Users must move their fingers in fixed shapes.
33.The experiment in paragraph 4is to testD of free-form gestures.
A.template      
B.application        
C.accuracy         
D.security
34.According to the text,the researchers think thatB.
A.it is easy to steal any password with a quick eye
B.better ways of setting passwords should be developed
C.people had better not use smart phones to pay bills
D.personal information should not be stored in a phone
35.The main purpose of the text is toD.
A.advise people to use free-form gestures 
B.discuss whether smart phones are safe
C.talk about the practicality of passwords 
D.introduce the study of a new password.
1.There is one thing I will never forget,mainly because I learned the meaning of kindness then.
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26.A.snowyB.sunnyC.cloudyD.rainy
27.A.parksB.pathsC.streetsD.gyms
28.A.HopefullyB.UnfortunatelyC.SurprisinglyD.Suddenly
29.A.niceB.wetC.funnyD.clean
30.A.whetherB.whenC.whyD.how
31.A.smilingB.lookingC.runningD.walking
32.A.forB.whenC.sinceD.so
33.A.careB.needC.enjoyD.like
34.A.excitementB.disappointmentC.joyD.surprise
35.A.favorB.loveC.appreciateD.admire
36.A.highB.goodC.scaredD.amused
37.A.sawB.heardC.imaginedD.sensed
38.A.expectingB.watchingC.realizingD.feeling
39.A.trustB.confidenceC.respectD.kindness
40.A.smallB.aloneC.botheredD.useless
41.A.cared aboutB.called onC.passed byD.looked after
42.A.achievementB.signC.choiceD.difference
43.A.valuedB.rememberedC.honoredD.washed
44.A.changeB.occurC.hurtD.matter
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18.It is one of the greatest mysteries of nature.In case you haven't noticed,all living things follow very definite,individual rhythms,all as regular as a clock,but what makes them regular?
    Though many scientists maintain that these rhythms are the result of some outside force like gravity or radiation or both,the results of most scientific researches agree with other scientists who believe that each living thing has its own built-in biological"time clock."
    Take the mystery of migration for example.Scientists can't really explain why many species of birds migrate in the autumn even though the temperature is still summery.The birds just seem to snub the comfortable weather that they are having.When a certain time comes,they travel south by the thousand.In spring time,they migrate northwards even though there probably is snow still covering the ground when they finally arrive.Something said"go,"and they did.
    Animals that hibernate (冬眠) are obeying individual time clocks,too.When their clock indicates the time to take a winter's nap,they do,and nothing can stop them.At a certain time in the spring,they wake up and come out regardless of the weather outside.
    Plants appear to have yearly rhythms,such as the sprouting of seeds,and they also have daily rhythms.Notice sometimes that plants raise their leaves in daylight and lower them at night.
    If you live along the California coast,you can easily observe a demonstration of this mysterious clock functioning regularly.There,from February to September,the highest tides occur exactly every fourteen and four-fifths days,and during these high tides,but at no other time,small silvery fish called grunions surf-ride a wave to the beach.There the female deposits her eggs in the sand and the male fertilizes them; then both hitch a wave-ride back to the sea.Exactly fourteen and four-fifths days later,never before or after,the tiny eggs hatch,and the high tide carries the new babies out to sea.

72.According to the passage,the mysterious rhythms result fromD.
   A.the influence of gravity on living species
   B.the effect of radiation on living species
   C.the influence of a mysterious outer force on living species
   D.the internal mechanism inside the living species
73.The underlined word"snub"in the third paragraph probably meansB.
   A.fight          B.ignore          C.symbolize         D.criticize
74.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?D
   A.Hibernating animals are obeying an internal time clock.
   B.The positioning of the leaves of some plants is due to the daily rhythms.
   C.The internal clock functioning is demonstrated in the reproducing habits of grunions.
   D.The yearly hibernation is more because of the weather influence than the biological functioning.
75.The passage is mainly aboutA.
   A.the rhythms of life              
   B.the reasons of mysterious hibernation
   C.strange behaviors of species     
   D.the timing for different events in the world of species.
5.Some people may be born happy,while others are genetically negative,scientists have suggested in a study published late February in a British journal.
Earlier research had already established that the gene known as 5-HTTLPR plays a key role in determining how the neurotransmitter (神经传递素) serotonin works within the brain.Serotonin,a hormone (荷尔蒙),passes chemical messages between nerve cells.It has been closely linked to mood.Several anti-depressant (抗抑郁) drugs regulate serotonin levels.
Scientists had also identified three variants (变体) of the gene.Two so-called"short"variants were linked to a higher risk of depression and suicide (自杀) attempts.Unlike the two"short"variants,the"long"variant of 5-HTTLPR showed a clear dislike of negative images,such as fierce animals,and a clear liking for positive ones,such as flowers.
Researchers from the University of Essex in Britain showed participants a series of images,which were divided into three kinds:negative ones aimed at inspiring fear or stress such as a snake or person about to commit suicide,pleasant ones and neutral (中性的) ones.
The participants who had the long variant of the 5-HTTLPR gene"showed a clear dislike of negative material alongside a careful attention for positive material,"the researchers found.They paid close attention to the pretty pictures,and ignored the frightening ones.On the other hand,the short variant groups had the opposite reaction.
In January,the Australian government organized"happiness workshops",teaching government staff how to be happy.The department that held the"happiness workshops"said unhappy staff weren't productive staff.
Australian political opposition parties have argued that the"happiness workshops"are probably a waste of money and couldn't increase productivity as intended.However,whether the workshop will have a happy or disappointing result,we will have to wait and see.

71.Various kinds of images were shown to the participants toC.
A.draw their attention
B.cater to their different tastes
C.find out about their reactions
D.teach them to improve their artistic appreciation
72.The"short"variants of 5-HTTLPR differ from the"long"variants of 5-HTTLPR in thatB.
A.the former is connected with positive mood while the latter negative
B.the former is connected with negative mood while the latter positive
C.the former has a greater effect on one's mood than the latter
D.the latter has a greater effect on one's mood than the former
73.Which of the following statements is true about"happiness workshops"?D
A.Most people believe that they are a waste of money.
B.They will be beneficial in the long run.
C.The purpose of"happiness workshops"is to teach all Australians to be happy.
D.They are organized in the belief that happy staff can work more efficiently.
74.It can be learned from the article thatA.
A.drugs can be used to control people's serotonin levels
B.happiness is more important than sadness
C.nothing can affect our mood
D.people with the short variant of 5-HTTLPR prefer a flower to a snake
75.The article is mainly aboutB.
A.the reason for the foundation of"happiness workshops"
B.the link between people's mood and their gene
C.the study on people's likes and dislikes
D.the differences in people's attitude towards life.
15.Every baby born a decade from now will have its genetic code (基因编码) mapped at birth,the head of the worlds'leading genome sequencing (基因图谱) company has predicted.
A complete DNA read-out for every newborn will be technically possible and affordable in less than five years,promising a revolution in healthcare,says Jay Flatley,the chief executive of Illumina.Only social and legal problems are likely to delay the age of"genome sequences,"or genetic profiles.By 2019 it will have become routine to map infants'genes when they are born,Dr Flatly told The Times.
This will open a new approach to medicine,by which conditions such as high blood pressure and heart disease can be predicted and prevented and drugs used more safely and effectively.
A baby's genome can be discovered at birth by a blood test.By examining a person's genome,it is possible to identify raised risks of developing diseases such as cancers.Those at high risk can then he screened more regularly,or given drugs or dietary advice to lower their chances of becoming ill.
Personal genomes could also he used to ensure that patients get the medicine that is most likely to work for them and least likely to have side-effects.
The development,however,will raise legal concerns about privacy and access to individuals'genetic records.
"Bad things can be done with the genome.It could predict something about someone-and you could possibly hand the information to their employer or their insurance company."said Dr Flatley.
"People have to recognize that this horse is out of the barn,and that your genome probably can't be protected,because everywhere you go you leave your genome behind.Complete genetic privacy,however,is unlikely to be possible",he added.
As the benefits become clearer,however,he believes that most people will want their genomes read and interpreted.The risk is nothing compared with the gain.
63.In the first two paragraphs,the author mainly wants to tell us about.A
A.the significant progress in medicine
B.the promise of a leading company
C.the information of babies'genes   
D.the research of medical scientists
64.Which of the following is a problem caused by this approach?D
A.The delaying in discovering DNA.
B.The risk of developing diseases at birth.
C.The side-effects of medicine on patients.
D.The letting out of personal genetic information.
65.What does the underlined sentence"…this horse is out of the barn"mean?D
A.Genetic mapping technique has been widely used.
B.Genetic mapping technique is too horrible to control.
C.People are eager to improve genetic mapping technique.
D.people can't stop genetic mapping technique advancing.
66.What's Dr Flatley's attitude towards the technology?C
A.Tolerant.B.Conservative.C.Positive.D.Doubtful.
2.I'm usually fairly doubtful about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50years ago.While any of these statements might be true,they are practically impossible to prove scientifically.Still,I was struck by a report which concluded that today's children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s.In fact,the analysis showed,normal children aged 9to 17exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50years ago.
Why are America's kids so stressed?According to the report there are two main causes:increasing loneliness─brought on by high divorce rates and little communication with society,among other things─and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.
Given that we can't turn the clock back,adults can still do plenty to help the next generation handle such difficulties.At the top of the list is giving children a better appreciation of the limits of individualism (个人主义).No child is an island.Strengthening social ties helps protect individuals against stress.To help kids build stronger connections with others,you can pull the plug on TVs and computers.Your family will thank you later.They will have more time for face-to-face relationships,and they will get more sleep.
Limit the amount of virtual  violence your children are exposed to.It's not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.Keep your expectations for your children reasonable.Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.Make exercise part of your daily routine.It will help you deal with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids.Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable.But it doesn't have to ruin your life.

125.The author thinks that the conclusions of any research comparing people's state of mind today with people's state of mind in the past areD.
A.surprising           B.confusing      
C.interesting          D.questionable
126.What does the author mean when he says,"we can't turn the clock back"(Paragraph 3)?B
A.It's impossible to slow down the pace of change.
B.The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.
C.Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.
D.It's impossible to forget the past.
127.According to the analysis,compared with normal children today,children treated as mentally ill 50years agoC.
A.had little communication with friends
B.were probably less self-centered
C.probably suffered less from anxiety
D.were considered less individualistic
128.The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children isC.
A.to provide the children with a safer environment
B.to lower their expectations for the children
C.to get the children more active socially
D.to set an example for the children to follow
129.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A
A.Anxiety,though unavoidable,can be dealt with.
B.Children's anxiety has been taken too seriously.
C.Children's anxiety can disappear with more parental care.
D.Anxiety,if properly controlled,may help children become mature.
19.When we think about happiness,we usually think of something extraordinary,a top great delight.
For a child,happiness has a magic quality.I remember playing police and robbers in the woods,getting a speaking part in the school play.Of course,kids also experience lows,but their delight at tops of pleasure is easily seen,such as winning a race or getting a new bike.
For teenagers,or people under 20the concept of happiness changes.Suddenly it's conditional on such things as excitement,love,and popularity.I can still feel the pain of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to.I also recall the great happiness of being invited at another event to dance with a very handsome young man.
In adulthood the things that bring great joy-birth,love,marriage-also bring responsibility and the risk of loss.Love may not last; loved ones die.For adults,happiness is complex.
My dictionary explains"happy"as"lucky"or"fortunate",but I think a better explanation of happiness is"the ability to enjoy something".The more we can enjoy what we have,the happier we are.It's easy for us not to notice the pleasure we get from loving and being loved,the company of friends,the freedom to love where we please,and even good health.Nowadays,with so many choices and much pleasure,we have turned happiness into one more thing we have.We think we own the right to have it,which makes us extremely unhappy.So we try hard to get it and consider it to be the same as wealth and success,without noticing that the people who have those things aren't necessarily happier.
While happiness may be more complex for us,the answer is the same as ever.Happiness isn't about what happens to us.It's the ability to find a positive for every negative,and view a difficulty as a challenge.Don't be sad for what we don't have,but enjoy what we do possess.

60.According to the passage,happiness lies in the ability toD.
A.think of something extraordinary   
B.experience delight at an old age
C.feel the magic quality of pleasure   
D.enjoy what one has at the moment
61.In paragraph 3,a teenager looks at happiness mainly in terms ofC.
A.material gains                     B.social honor
C.spiritual satisfaction             D.academic achievement
62.The author implies that when one dreams wealth and finally gets it heB.
A.can realize what happiness is
B.may not end up with happiness
C.may consider it extreme happiness
D.should not feel content with himself
63.The passage aims to tellB.
A.the great importance of happiness  
B.the real meaning of happiness
C.the constant dream of happiness    
D.the changing concept of happiness.

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