题目内容
14.It is common to consider learning as something that takes place in school,but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom,even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.Even before they enter school,young children learn to walk,to talk,and to use their hands to use toys,food,and other objects.They use all of their senses to learn about the sights,sounds,tastes,and smells in their environments.They learn how to communicate with their parents,grandparents, siblings,friends,and other people important to their world.When they enter school,children learn basic academic subjects such as reading,writing,and mathematics.They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom.They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished.They learn social skills for communicating with other children.After they finish school,people must learn to deal with many major changes that affect their lives,such as getting married,raising children,and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do,the study of learning is important in many different fields.Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children.Psychologists,social workers,criminologists,and other human?service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people's behaviors.Employers,politicians,and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to affect the behaviors of workers,voters,and consumers.
Learning is closely related to memory,which is the storage of information in the brain.Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge,where this storage takes place,and how the brain later outputs knowledge when we need it.In contrast,psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person's experiences.
68.The underlined"siblings"in the second paragraph probably meansD.
A.teachers B.classmates
C.doctors D.brothers or sisters
69.Which period of children's life does they begin to know to behave well according to the passage?C
A.After they go into society B.Before they enter school
C.When they are at school D.Before they are born
70.Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?A
A.As a matter of fact,learning begins with formal school education.
B.Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students.
C.People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors.
D.Employers should study the principles of learning to manage their workers well.
71.The author mainly tries to tell usDin the last paragraph.
A.learning is only related to memory and experiences
B.psychologists are interested in how the brain stores knowledge
C.psychologists are more interested in a person's behavior
D.how the relationship between learning,brain and behavior works.
分析 人们通常认为学习是发生在学校里的事,但人们所学的很多东西是教室外的东西,甚至从出生就已经开始,并且学习贯穿的人的一生.
解答 D C AD
68:D 词义猜测题.分析siblings前后的词语parents,grandparents,friends,可以推出siblings的意思不可能是doctors,再由下文"When they enter school,….",可以推出此时他们还不是学生,siblings的意思也不可能是teachers,classmates,故可以排除A、B、C三项.Siblings的意思为"兄弟姐妹".
69:C 句意理解题.文章第三段中"When they enter school,…They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished."可知,孩子们学习什么样的行为可能得到奖励,什么样的行为可能受到惩罚,也就是孩子们在这个阶段应该学会怎样举止得当.故答案为C.
70:A 正误判断题.由文章第二段首句"Even before they enter school,young children learn to walk,to talk,and to use their hands to use toys,food,and other objects."可知,学习是从儿童时期开始的,A项表述错误,符合题意,为正确答案.B、C、D三项分别从文章第三段的二、三、四句找到明确的表述.
71:D 段落大意题.文章最后一段,"研究记忆的心理学家们对于大脑如何储存知识,这种储存发生在什么时候,以及当我们需要这些知识时大脑如何想起来等等问题很感兴趣.比较而言,研究学习的心理学家们则对于行为以及由于人们的经历怎样改变了行为等问题更感兴趣."可见,本段主要讲述了两类心理学家以及他们所感兴趣的问题.涉及到了学习、大脑和行为的关系.
点评 做阅读时经常犯错的主要原因是,仅凭读过文章后残留在脑海中的一丝印象来勾选答案,这样便很容易掉入出题人故意设布下的题目陷阱.所谓阅读理解,对于题目的理解一定要忠实于原文,因此,每一道题都应该与原文作全面的对比与核查,再得出答案.也就是说,阅读理解的每一道题目,在原文都应该有明确的出处,我们把这一出处叫做原文相关句,(1)排除与原文相关句主题不一致的选项(2)排除与原文相关句态度相反的选项 (3)排除用于过于极端或负面的选项(4)注意结合文章主旨和主题去排除.
A.What does the Olympic Motto mean? B.Research on individual styles improves performance. C.Research holds the key to success. D.Personalized programs will help. E.New equipment has made a difference. F.Is there a limit to record-breaking? |
A world record is every athlete's dream,but the hard-won records of a few years ago are mostly just today's qualifying times.Roger Bannister's famous four-minute mile of 1956has been beaten by nearly 15seconds,while almost an hour and twenty minutes has been taken off the women's marathon since.1953.‘Faster,higher,stronger',is the Olympic motto,and today's competitors continue to push back the boundaries of what the body can achieve.But one wonders if this can continue.
77.E
The last forty years have seen many important technological advances.For example,since the introduction of strong flexible,fiberglass poles,over a meter has been added to the pole vault record.There have also been important developments in the design of the running shoe.And while a shoe won't actually make someone run faster,modern shoes do mean many more miles of comfortable,injury-free training.
78.C
Pushing back the limits now depends more on science,technology and medicine than anything else.Athletic technique,training programmes and diets are all being studied to find ways of taking a few more seconds off or adding a few more centimetres to that elusive world record.It seems that natural ability and hard work are no longer enough.
79.B
The research to find more efficient ways of moving goes on.Analysis of an athlete's style is particularly useful for events like jumping and throwing.Studies show that long jumpers need to concentrate not on the speed of approach,as once thought,but on the angle their bodies make with the ground as they take off.However,the rules governing each sport limit advances achieved by new styles.For instance only one-footed takeoffs are allowed in the high jump.
80.D
In the future,it should be possible to develop a more individual approach to training programmes.Athletes will keep detailed diaries and collect data to help predict the point when training becomes overtraining,the cause of many injuries.If athletes feed all their information into a database,it may then be possible to predict patterns and to advise them individually when they should cut.