题目内容

【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nowadays, social networking addiction has become a rising concern. Social networking addiction is a phrase sometimes used【1】(refer) to someone spending too much time using Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other forms of social media-so much that it【2】(influence)other aspects of daily life.

Addiction usually refers to habitual【3】(behave) that are difficult to control and it may lead to negative effects. In most addictions, people feel forced to do certain activities so often that they become a harmful habit,【4】then affects other important activities such as work or school.

In that context, a social networking addict could【5】(consider) someone with a powerful inner drive to use social media repeatedly-【6】(constant) checking Facebook status updates or following people’s profiles on Facebbook, for example, for hours on end.

But it is hard to tell when fondness for【7】activity becomes a dependency and crosses the line into a damaging habit or addiction. Does【8】(spend) three hours a day on Twitter reading random tweets from strangers mean you’re addicted【9】Twitter? How about five hours? You could argue you were reading headline news or【10】(need) to stay current in your field for work, right?

【答案】

【1】to refer

【2】influences/has influenced

【3】behavio(u)rs

【4】which

【5】be considered

【6】constantly

【7】an

【8】spending

【9】to

【10】needed

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了社交网络成瘾这一社会现象，并说明了社交网络成瘾的危害。

【1】

考查固定短语。句意：社交网络成瘾是一个短语，有时用来指某人花了太多时间使用Facebook, Twitter, Instagram和其他形式的社交媒体。句中used_____ (refer) to someone spending too much time …作后置定语修饰phrase, be used to do意为“被用来做……”,为固定短语，故used后面接动词不定式形式。故填to refer。

【2】

考查时态。句意：如此多以至于影响到了日常生活的其他方面。根据句意可知，社交网络成瘾影响到日常生活是一个客观事实，故应用一般现在时，主语是it，后接influence的第三人称单数形式influences。换一个角度，句子也可以理解为社交网络成瘾已经影响到日常生活，“影响”的动作已经发生，这时句子应用现在完成时，句式为“主语+have/has+动词的过去分词”。故填influences/has influenced。

【3】

考查名词。句意：上瘾通常指难以控制的习惯性行为。空格处单词作refers to的宾语，应用名词形式。“that are difficult to control”为定语从句，修饰空格处应填单词，从句中谓语为are，故空格处单词应为复数形式。behave意为“表现”，为动词，对应的名词为behavio(u)r，意为“行为”，复数为behavio(u)rs。故填behavio(u)rs。

【4】

考查定语从句。句意：在大多数上瘾症中，人们感到被迫经常做某些活动，以至于成为一种有害的习惯。然后这会影响到其他活动，例如工作和学习。根据句子结构判定本句为非限制性定语从句，空格处所缺的关系词指代前面整个句子，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。

【5】

考查语态。句意：在这种情况下，一个社交网络成瘾者可能被认为是某个有强烈的内在动力反复使用社交媒体的人。根据句意可知，a social networking addict（一个社交网络成瘾者）与consider（认为）是逻辑上的被动关系，故应用被动语态，句式为“主语+be+动词的过去分词”。空格前为情态动词could，故be不变。故填be considered。

【6】

考查副词。句意：不断地检查Facebook的状态更新。空格处单词用来修饰check（检查）这一动作，修饰动词应用副词，constant意为“不断的”，为形容词，对应的副词为constantly（不断地）。故填constantly。

【7】

考查冠词。句意：但很难说对一项活动的喜爱何时会变成依赖。句中activity为泛指一个活动，所以应用不定冠词修饰，activity是以元音因素开头的单词，故不定冠词应用an。故填an。

【8】

考查非谓语动词。句意：是不是一天在Twitter上花费三个小时阅读来自陌生人的随机微博就意味着你对Twitter上瘾了呢？分析句子结构可知，本句谓语动词为mean，且句中没有连词，故_____(spend) three hours a day on Twitter reading random tweets from strangers应用动名词形式作主语。故填spending。

【9】

考查固定短语。句意：是不是一天在Twitter上花费三个小时阅读来自陌生人的随机微博就意味着你对Twitter上瘾了呢？ be addicted to意为“对……上瘾”,为固定短语。故填to。

【10】

考查时态。句意：你可以说你读的是头条新闻或者你需要在你的工作领域里保持最新的状态。分析句子结构，or连接两个并列谓语，时态应该保持一致。“were reading headline news”为过去时态，故空格处应填need的过去式。故填needed。

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Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) have fixed a hole in the shell of its outer wall. The ISS is a large satellite in space 【1】 scientists live to do scientific experiments. The first part of it 【2】 (put) into space in 1998. Last week, NASA warned astronauts on the ISS that air was 【3】 (slow) leaking out of the station. Astronaut Alexander Gerst and five other astronauts spent a lot of time 【4】 (look) for the leak. Mr. Gerst eventually found it and he put his finger over the hole. Luckily, the hole was only two millimeters wide, so it was not serious, but it did need 【5】 (fix).

The hole was in a Russian Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft. NASA said it could have been caused 【6】 a small piece of space junk. The ISS travels at 【7】speed of around 28,000 kph. Even a tiny object 【8】 (hit) it can cause a lot of damage. Flight 【9】 (control) in the USA and Russia worked together with the crew to repair the hole.

A NASA official said the crew on the ISS are 【10】 (health) and safe after the repair.

【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（每空不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible—and it can be surprisingly 【1】 (benefit) to your physical and mental health. So far, research 【2】 (show) that people who forgive can have more energy, better appetite and better sleep. “People who forgive show 【3】 (little) anger and more hopefulness,” says Dr. Frederic Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. “So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people 【4】 (feel) more energetic.”

So when someone has hurt you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something 【5】 gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Don’t wait for an 【6】 (apologize). “Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing,” says Dr. Luskin. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things in 【7】 same way. So if you wait for people to say sorry, you could be waiting a very long time.”

Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean 【8】(accept) the action of the person who upsets you. Instead, learn to look 【9】the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things from the other person’s perspective. You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to 【10】(you) from that person’s point of view.

【题目】 While enjoying good incomes, physicians suffer from a lack of time. Between scheduled clinical work and being on call, it’s common to have only one full day off in seven. Not surprisingly, it’s far too easy to spend that entire day just trying to do the boring tasks for yourself and your family.

The good news, however, is that new research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that many professionals can increase their happiness by using their incomes to buy back some of that lost time through the use of time-saving services such as housecleaners or online personal assistants.

Study authors Ashley Whillans and Elizabeth Dunn found that when people spend money on such services, happiness improves. Their findings suggest that “using money to buy time may provide benefits by serving as a buffer（缓冲器）against the harmful effects of time pressure on overall life satisfaction”.

Spending money on a big purchase, such as an expensive car, can feel good and serve as a reward for having worked so hard. Research has consistently shown, however, that the gains from such material purchases are short lived. Instead, buying back time and then using it to go after meaningful activities is more likely to result in long-term gains in well-being.

There are the obvious tasks that have been outsourced（外包）for decades，such as house cleaning or meal preparation. In my own physician coaching practice, it amazes me how many of my physician clients do not take full advantage of these classic opportunities to save time, particularly meal services. When your time is worth well over $100 to 200 an hour, how could you NOT pay another person far less than that to do the job better than you would do it yourself?

Regaining a couple of hours on your only day off can change your well-being. How different would you feel if you had a few more hours to spend quality time with other people, improve your health, or try a new hobby?

【1】Which of the following is true according to this passage?

A.Physicians often do boring tasks for their family.

B.Time pressure often has effects on life satisfaction.

C.Physician clients never use time-saving services.

D.People all should regain time to change their well-being.

【2】What will lead to long-term gains in well-being?

A.Meal preparation.B.Earning high incomes.

C.Buying expensive materials.D.Spending quality time with family.

【3】What is the author?

A.A physician coach.B.A salesman.

C.A researcher.D.A reporter.

【4】What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?

A.To persuade people to spend money wisely.

B.To introduce some ways to gain happiness.

C.To advise physicians to buy time for happiness.

D.To state physicians’ terrible working environment.

【题目】请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。

The Age of Envy: How to Be Happy When Everyone Else's Life Looks Perfect

We live in the age of envy. Career envy, kitchen envy, children envy, food envy, upper ay envy, holiday envy. You name it, there's an envy for it. Human beings have always felt what Aristotle defined in the 4th century BC as pain at the sight of another's good fortune, stirred by the feeling of 'those who have what we ought to have'.

But with social media, says Ethan Kross, professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, 'envy is being taken to an extreme. ' We are constantly bombarded by 'photoshopped lives, ' he says, 'and that exerts a toll on us the likes of which we have never experienced in the history of our species. '

Clinical psychological Rachel Andrew says she is seeing more and more envy in her consulting room, from people who 'can't achieve the lifestyle they want but which they see others have. ' Our use of platforms including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat, she says, amplifies (放大) this deeply disturbing psychological discord (失调), 'I think what social media has done is make everyone accessible for comparison, ' she explains. 'In the past, people might have just envied their neighbors, but now we can compare ourselves with everyone across the world. '

And those comparisons are now much less realistic. Andrew has observed among her patients that knowing they are looking at an edited version of reality is no defense against the emotional force of envy. 'What I notice is that most of us can intellectualize what we see on social media platforms—we know that these images and narratives that are presented aren't real, we can talk about it and rationalize it—but on an emotional level, it's still pushing buttons. If those images or narratives tap into what we aspire to, but what we don't have, then it becomes very powerful. '

According to Dryden, a cognitive behavioral therapist, when it comes to the kind of envy inspired by social media, there are two factors that make a person more vulnerable (易受伤害的): low self-esteem and deprivation intolerance, which describes the experience of being unable to bear not getting what you want. To overcome this, he says, think about what you would teach a child. The aim is to develop a philosophy, a way of being in the world, which allows you to recognize when someone else has something that you want but don't have, and also to recognize that you can survive without it, and that not having it does not make you less worthy or less of a person.

We could also try to change the way we habitually use social media. Kross explains that most the time, People use Facebook passively and just idly, lazily reading instead of posting, messaging or commenting. 'That is interesting when you realize it is the passive usage that is supposed to be more harmful than the active. The links between passive usage and feeling worse are very robust—we have huge data sets involving tens of thousands of people, he says. While it is less clear how active usage affects well-being, there does seem to be a small positive link, he explains, between using Facebook to connect with others and feeling better.

Dryden differentiates between unhealthy envy and its healthy forms, which, he says, 'can be creative. ' Just as hunger tells us we need to eat, the feeling of envy, if we can listen to it in the right way, could show us what is missing from our lives that really matters to us, Kross explains. Andrew says, 'It is about naming it as an emotion, knowing how it feels, and then not interpreting it as a positive or a negative, but trying to understand what it is telling you that you want. If that is achievable, you could take proper steps towards achieving it. But at the same time, ask yourself, what would be good enough? '

The Age of Envy: How to Be Happy When Everyone Else's Life Looks Perfect

Introduction

●【1】 is the feeling that you wish you had something that someone else has.

● It was 【2】 by Aristotle as the pain of seeing another's good fortune, stirred by the feeling of 'those who have what we ought to have'.

New problems with envy in the age of social media

● Social media is taking envy to an extreme by making everyone accessible for 【3】.

● People are so much disturbed by envy that an increasing number of them have to consult doctors.

● Full knowledge of false comparisons still can't 【4】 people from envy, and those with low self-esteem and deprivation intolerance are more likely to fall 【5】.

Possible ways to 【6】 the pain

● Learn to recognize that it's 【7】 that someone else has something you want but don't have.

● Learn to recognize that without the thing you can still survive and you are still a useful person.

● Change the way we use social media from just passively reading to 【8】 posting, messaging or commenting.

Conclusion

● We should distinguish unhealthy envy from its healthy forms.

● When envy appears. 【9】 we can listen to it properly, it won't show us what really matters to us.

● We should take proper steps to feel and understand envy instead of 【10】 it arbitrarily.

【题目】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

An emotional reunion has been 75 years in the making. Two WWII 【1】 (survive) , 87-year-old Morris Sana and 85-year-old Simon Mairowitz, are cousins 【2】grew up together in Romania. The boys had been the best friends until the war broke out in 1940, which led to both families 【3】 (flee) the country in separate directions.

Since the cousins had no way of communicating with each other after they fled their home nation, both of 【4】assumed that the other had fallen victim to the war. While Sana ended up settling down in Israel, Mairowitz and his family built a new home in the UK.

Decades later, Sana’s daughter began using the Internet 【5】 (track) down and befriend all of her father’s long-lost cousins and family members. When she told her dad that his beloved cousin 【6】 (find), a meeting between the two was set up. Sana’s granddaughter Leetal Ofer recorded their reunion and published the footage to Facebook. In the video, Sana and Mairowitz are 【7】(tearful) hugging each other and 【8】 (express) their gratitude for the meeting. Ofer later described the reunion 【9】one of the most moving things she had ever seen. “The war tore so many families apart and bringing them together in Israel is so 【10】 (magic),” she said.

【题目】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线( / )划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Last Wednesday, the teachers and students in Senior Three as well as our parents attended the grown-up ceremony holding in the school hall, which theme was “Growth and Responsibility”. First, a student representing all of us made the speech. He showed our thanks to our parents and teachers and talk about our dreams. Then, some teachers and parents offered us their congratulation and expressed their expectations for their future. Afterwards, wonderful performances put on by students from different classes. Though the ceremony is over, but it has made me realize clear that I have grown up. I am ready to devote more for our society now.

【题目】 If humans ever settle on Mars, they will need water. There is just one problem---there seems to be only huge sheets of ice. Luckily, we know how to drill(钻孔） ice for water. Such methods are already used in Antarctica, and researchers now think they could get them to work on the Red Planet, too. The atmosphere of Mars is too dry to make extracting water vapour from it possible. So ice seems the best bet. But the obvious ice sheets are in the unlivable polar ice caps and would be difficult to reach for drilling.

However, in 2018, at the edge of the cliffs, NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spotted relatively accessible water ice that is probably at least 130metres thick and covered in just a few metres of rock and dust. These may be the best place to get the water needed for future exploration of the planet.

The drilling techniques needed have already been developed for cold areas on Earth where we need to melt buried ice for water. In the early 1960s the US Army used a type of subsurface reservoir(水库)called Rod Well, in army camps in Greenland. The method works by drilling through the ground into the ice, melting the ice to create a pool, and then pumping water up. By supplying heat continuously, they create a reservoir and a steady water supply. It has been used in remote areas such as the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station Stephen Hoffman at the Aerospace Corporation in Texas and his colleagues simulated(模拟)how a Rod Well would do on Mars. They found that with the power of 9 kilowatts (千瓦)to melt ice, it could in theory produce about 380 litres of water each day and maintain a reservoir of constant size at the bottom of a borehole(钻孔). That is close to the average daily water use each person in the US, but about 10 times what each astronaut on the International Space Station uses daily.

【1】Which of the following can replace the underlined word "extracting" in the first paragraph ?

A.obtainingB.protecting

C.PreventingD.choosing

【2】Why does the author mention the Rod Well in Paragraph 3?

A.To explain how water ice is drilled on Mars.

B.To tell about the history of water ice drilling techniques.

C.To prove the importance of water ice drilling techniques

D.To show techniques for drilling water wells in Martian ice exist.

【3】On average, how much water does an astronaut on the International Space Station use daily?

A.10 litresB.38 litres

C.160 litresD.380 litres

【4】What would be the best title for the text?

A.Preparing to settle on the Red Planet one day.

B.Finding water on the Red Planet for survival.

C.Using some ways to create a livable environment on Mars.

D.Drilling water wells in Martian ice to survive on Mars.

【题目】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Two weeks ago, I helped my dear Joan, one of my close friends 【1】 just graduated, move out of her apartment. We decided 【2】 (have)a nice dinner before she moved back to her hometown 400 miles away, but being the caring person she is, she had offered her time to help her friends move during dinner, even though she 【3】 (her)needed to pack and donate things.

She isn’t usually one to ask 【4】 help, so I knew that I had to offer my time and energy with 【5】 (determine) if I was going to be 【6】 (use). I bought her something to eat because I knew she hadn’t eaten and then 【7】 (rent) a carshare (拼车) for her to ship her things. It was a whole disaster-【8】 first carshare we rented wouldn’t open, so we had to carry the things to another car a few 【9】 (block) away.

This car then had no gas, so we had to gas this car, which pushed back our timeline by 40 minutes. Despite it all, it was a fun lasting memory with her, and I’m glad I 【10】 (be) able to show her my love through these small acts of service.

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