Question

【题目】请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。

The Age of Envy: How to Be Happy When Everyone Else's Life Looks Perfect

We live in the age of envy. Career envy, kitchen envy, children envy, food envy, upper ay envy, holiday envy. You name it, there's an envy for it. Human beings have always felt what Aristotle defined in the 4th century BC as pain at the sight of another's good fortune, stirred by the feeling of 'those who have what we ought to have'.

But with social media, says Ethan Kross, professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, 'envy is being taken to an extreme. ' We are constantly bombarded by 'photoshopped lives, ' he says, 'and that exerts a toll on us the likes of which we have never experienced in the history of our species. '

Clinical psychological Rachel Andrew says she is seeing more and more envy in her consulting room, from people who 'can't achieve the lifestyle they want but which they see others have. ' Our use of platforms including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat, she says, amplifies (放大) this deeply disturbing psychological discord (失调), 'I think what social media has done is make everyone accessible for comparison, ' she explains. 'In the past, people might have just envied their neighbors, but now we can compare ourselves with everyone across the world. '

And those comparisons are now much less realistic. Andrew has observed among her patients that knowing they are looking at an edited version of reality is no defense against the emotional force of envy. 'What I notice is that most of us can intellectualize what we see on social media platforms—we know that these images and narratives that are presented aren't real, we can talk about it and rationalize it—but on an emotional level, it's still pushing buttons. If those images or narratives tap into what we aspire to, but what we don't have, then it becomes very powerful. '

According to Dryden, a cognitive behavioral therapist, when it comes to the kind of envy inspired by social media, there are two factors that make a person more vulnerable (易受伤害的): low self-esteem and deprivation intolerance, which describes the experience of being unable to bear not getting what you want. To overcome this, he says, think about what you would teach a child. The aim is to develop a philosophy, a way of being in the world, which allows you to recognize when someone else has something that you want but don't have, and also to recognize that you can survive without it, and that not having it does not make you less worthy or less of a person.

We could also try to change the way we habitually use social media. Kross explains that most the time, People use Facebook passively and just idly, lazily reading instead of posting, messaging or commenting. 'That is interesting when you realize it is the passive usage that is supposed to be more harmful than the active. The links between passive usage and feeling worse are very robust—we have huge data sets involving tens of thousands of people, he says. While it is less clear how active usage affects well-being, there does seem to be a small positive link, he explains, between using Facebook to connect with others and feeling better.

Dryden differentiates between unhealthy envy and its healthy forms, which, he says, 'can be creative. ' Just as hunger tells us we need to eat, the feeling of envy, if we can listen to it in the right way, could show us what is missing from our lives that really matters to us, Kross explains. Andrew says, 'It is about naming it as an emotion, knowing how it feels, and then not interpreting it as a positive or a negative, but trying to understand what it is telling you that you want. If that is achievable, you could take proper steps towards achieving it. But at the same time, ask yourself, what would be good enough? '

The Age of Envy: How to Be Happy When Everyone Else's Life Looks Perfect
Introduction	●【1】 is the feeling that you wish you had something that someone else has. ● It was 【2】 by Aristotle as the pain of seeing another's good fortune, stirred by the feeling of 'those who have what we ought to have'.
New problems with envy in the age of social media	● Social media is taking envy to an extreme by making everyone accessible for 【3】. ● People are so much disturbed by envy that an increasing number of them have to consult doctors. ● Full knowledge of false comparisons still can't 【4】 people from envy, and those with low self-esteem and deprivation intolerance are more likely to fall 【5】.
Possible ways to 【6】 the pain	● Learn to recognize that it's 【7】 that someone else has something you want but don't have. ● Learn to recognize that without the thing you can still survive and you are still a useful person. ● Change the way we use social media from just passively reading to 【8】 posting, messaging or commenting.
Conclusion	● We should distinguish unhealthy envy from its healthy forms. ● When envy appears. 【9】 we can listen to it properly, it won't show us what really matters to us. ● We should take proper steps to feel and understand envy instead of 【10】 it arbitrarily.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】Envy

【2】defined

【3】comparison

【4】defend/protect

【5】victim

【6】relieve/reduce/ease/kill/stop

【7】normal/natural

【8】actively

【9】unless

【10】interpreting

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。社交媒体使嫉妒达到了前所未有的高度，我们嫉妒身边的一切东西，包括那些不真实的、造成假象的东西。此外文章建议了一些可以避免嫉妒的方法。

【1】由第一段第一句中'the age of envy'和第三句'there's an envy of it'，故填Envy。

【2】定位到第一段第四句'what Aristotle defined in the 4th century BC as pain at the sight of another's good fortune,…',可知，就像亚里士多德在公元四世纪所定义的那样……，故填defined。

【3】由第三段第三句中'make everyone accessible for comparison'可知应填comparison。

【4】定位到第四段第二句'knowing that they are looking at an edited version of reality is no defense against the emotional force of envy'，认识到不合理对比并不能让人们停止嫉妒，故填defend。

【5】定位到第五段'two factors that make a person more vulnerable: low self-esteem and deprivation'可知自卑和贫困会让人更易受伤害。fall组成固定搭配'fall victim'沦为受害者，故填victim。

【6】第五段和第六段介绍了克服嫉妒带来的痛苦的方法，此处应填词表示“减轻痛苦”，故填relieve/reduce/ease/kill/stop等。

【7】定位到第五段第四句'a way of being in the world, which allows you to recognize when…'，可知你须认识到别人拥有你想要却没有的东西是很正常的，是一种人生常态，故填normal/natural 。

【8】由六段第三句中'it is the passive usage that is supposed to be more harmful than the active'可知被动的阅读浏览比主动的展示更有害，故此处应是我们把被动的方式改成主动展示的方式。active是原词，此处应用其副词形式修饰后面的动词，填actively。

【9】由第七段第二句中'if we can listen to it in the right way, could show us …what really matters to us'可知如果我们不正确聆听，就不能发现到底什么对我们来说才是重要的。if…not…= unless，故填unless除非。

【10】考查动词。由第七段第三句中'It is about naming it as an emotion, knowing how it feels, and then not interpreting it as a positive or a negative, but trying to understand…'可知我们应该遵循正确的步骤并且尝试理解嫉妒而不是简答地转述成积极的或消极的。interpreting是原词，故填interpreting。