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任务型阅读,请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。

注意:每空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Everybody loves self-improvement. That’s why we’re such enthusiastic consumers of “top 10” lists of things to do to be a more productive, promotable, mindful— you name it—leader. But these lists seldom work. What if we didn’t think of self-improvement as work? What if we thought of it as play—specifically, as playing with our sense of self?

Traditionally, people work on themselves, committed to doing everything in their power to change their leadership style. You set your goals and objectives, you are mindful of your time, and seek efficient solutions. You’re not going to deviate(偏离) from the straight and narrow. You focus on what you should do, especially as others see it, as opposed to what you want to do. It’s all very serious and not whole of fun. There is one right answer. Success or failure is the outcome. We judge ourselves.

In contrast, no matter what you’re up to, when you’re in “play” mode, your primary drivers are enjoyment and discovery instead of goals and objectives. You’re curious. You lose track of time. Like in all forms if play, the journey becomes more important than a pre-set destination.

Much research shows how play develops creativity and innovation. Play with your own idea of yourself is similar to playing with future possibilities. So, we stop evaluating today’s self against unachievable ideal of leadership that doesn’t really exist. We also stop trying to will ourselves to “commit” to becoming something we are not even sure we want to be—what we call the “feared self”, which is composed of images negative role models. And, we shift direction from submitting to what other people want us to be to becoming more self-authoring. As a result, when you play, you’re more creative and more open to what you might learn about yourself.

Unfortunately, we don’t often get —or give ourselves—permission to play with our sense of self. In life, we equate playfulness with the person who dips into a great variety of possibilities, never committing to any. We find inconsistency distasteful, so we exclude options that seem too far off from today’s “authentic self”, without ever giving them a try. This kills the discontinuous growth that only comes when we surprise ourselves.

Psychoanalyst Adam Phillips once said, “people tend to play only with serious things—madness, disaster, other people.” Playing with your self is a serious effort because who we might become is not knowable or predictable at the start. That’s why it’s as dangerous as it is necessary for growth.

Lead-in
 


●People want to improve their1. .
●People can apply work mode or play mode.
 

2.between the two mode
 

In work mode
●one is3.and sticks to his route
●one cares about others’4.of his performance.
●one judges himself with one standard— success or failure
 

In play method
●the5.outweighs the outcome;
●playfulness allows people to6.with various approaches;
●playfulness helps people obtain7.results.
 

The8.with application of play mode
 

We usually regard playfulness as equal to non-professional.
 

9.
 

10.danger, playfulness is a must for our self-growth.
 

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At 23, I was fresh out of graduate school and working in a nursing home, trying to decide my next path in life. My job involved wheeling residents (居民) to the community hall for activities. Elizabeth would wave from her darkened room but refuse to join the gatherings. Nearly blind, and requiring oxygen, she never left her bedside. I soon learned, though, that she loved books, and every day after work I would read to her.

In dim (微暗的) light we made our way through "King Lear," "Henry IV, .... Jane Eyre," the poems of Rupert Brooke.

Two golden hours might pass before I’ d pack up to return to my apartment. Before I could leave she’ d press my hand, saying, "Child -- my literary child. You bring me such joy." Elizabeth’ s husband had died a decade earlier, and their only child, a daughter, was estranged (疏远的) for what heartbreaking reason I never knew.

One day an old friend of hers visited and brought her some soup. Smiling broadly, Elizabeth squeezed my arm. "Tomorrow, child,we shall feast."

The next evening I found Elizabeth’ s bed empty. "I’ m sorry," the nurse whispered. She handed me a box and nodded. "She left everything to you." At home I unpacked it, finding two white sweaters, the dozen leather-bound books and, at the bottom, the can of soup.

That summer I decided my path. I returned to school to study literature.

And for 26 years the soup has stayed in my kitchen. It’s remained unopened and now is rusted (生锈的). But the memories are preserved.

1.Why did Elizabeth refuse to join the gatherings? -

A. She had many books to read.

B. She was not a very social person.

C. She was restricted in her movements.

D. She had no interest in those activities.

2.What do we know about Elizabeth?

A. She loved writing poems.

B. She often visited her friends.

C. She got divorced ten years ago.

D. She had little contact with her daughter.

3.What can we know about the author?

A. She used to be a doctor.

B. She was inspired by Elizabeth.

C. She taught literature for 26 years.

D. She didn’t like the taste of the soup.

4.What would be the best title for the text?

A. A book-loving friend

B. An unforgettable literary journey

C. An interesting nursing experience

D. A short-term job and its lifelong impact

The world’s first “Sky Pool” has been uncoated-and it’ll give anyone a touch of dizzi-ness, unless he or she is not bothered by heights.

Situated in the capital’s new riverside district beside Battersea Power Station, the glass pool, hanging 10 storeys, or 110 feet up as a bridge between two apartment buildings, is 25m long, 5m wide and 3m deep with a water depth of 1. 2m. Swimmers will be able to look down 35 metres to the street below as they take a dip, with only 20cm of glass between them and the outside world It’s even got a bar, folding chairs and an orange garden.

The pool will be part of Embassy Gardens at Nine Elms, a huge billion building pro-ject beside the new American Embassy in south-west London. The project is creating thou-sands of apartments, the smallest of which are expected to cost nearly $ 1 million, and the pool will only be open to the apartments’ owners.

Embassy Gardens takes design inspiration from the Meatpacking District of New York with floor to ceiling windows and brick frontages. The designer, Sean Mulryan, desired to push the boundaries in the capability of construction and engineering and do something that had never been done before. The Sky Pool’s transparent structure is the result of significant advancements in technologies over the last decade.

The experience of the pool will be truly unique and it will feel like floating through the air in central London.

Those people lucky enough to swim there will have a faultless view of the Palace of West-minster and the London Eye. It will be a selling point for developers when the second stage of the development is released to market.

1.Who can swim in the Sky Pool?

A. Anyone at Nine Elms. B. Visitors to London.

C. People living in Embassy Gardens. D. Those who are not terrified of heights.

2.People lucky enough to swim in the Sky Pool can do the following except .

A. drinking with friends B. sitting in the orange garden

C. appreciating the London Eye D. experiencing diving and surfing

3.What do we know from the text?

A. The pool is 25 metres above the ground.

B. The pool was similar to New York’s modern constructions.

C. The pool lies in the centre of London.

D. The pool is helpful for selling apartments in Embassy Gardens.

4.We can infer from the text that .

A. The apartments of Embassy Garden are fairly expensive

B. the new American Embassy has been moved away

C. Nine Elms is a street in Embassy Gardens

D. building the pool is not a complex job

How To Learn English Effectively

Have you ever tried to study English, but it turned out it’s too difficult for you? Well, let me tell you that the language is easy once you keep in mind these golden rules:

▲ Always study and review phrases, not individual words.

Did somebody give you a dictionary when you started learning your native language as a child? No? Then why do you keep using it when studying a foreign language? Memorizing individual words has absolutely no sense without the context. 1.

▲ Don’t study grammar.

When you start thinking about what construction to use, you begin to stammer, stop sounding natural. Your responses should become automatic to master the language, so instead of studying theory – take more practice! When you speak, you don't have time for considering what tense is appropriate, one hundred percent correct. 2. Grammar is important in writing, not in speaking.

3.

One of the most common mistakes when studying a foreign language is relying solely on textbooks. Thanks to them you may know a lot of grammar and vocabulary, but you're still not capable of conducting a conversation. It is because you should learn English by listening and not by reading. If you listen more, you'll grasp useful vocabulary and grammar without even realizing it and without memorizing!

▲ Learn English deeply.

Remember it's always about quality, not about quantity. 4. When memorizing the phrases (remember the first rule!) slowly, you put them into the deeper parts of your brain so they don't fade away quickly.

▲ Listen and answer, not listen and repeat.

5.If you practice listening with a podcast or a video, pause it every 20 – 30 second and summarize what has been said. You have to think quickly, so you stop bothering yourself with useless grammar and start to speak the real, living language!

A. Studying grammar is the quickest way to slow down your progress.

B. Instead of learning dozens of new words in a short time, try repeating one, but dozens of times.

C. But you don't need to think about that.

D. Learning whole phrases is much more effective.

E. You should answer the questions asked by the speaker instead of mindlessly retelling his words.

F. Use only authentic English materials.

G. Learn with your ears, not with your eyes.

A new study suggests that washing dishes by hand is healthier than using a dishwasher.

Nobody likes doing the dishes,but it turns out that doing this task might pay off in an unexpected way.According to a new study published in the Journal of Pediatrics,washing dishes by hand instead of using a dishwasher might prevent the development of allergies(过敏).

Researchers in Sweden surveyed the parents of 1,029 children aged 7 and 8.They discovered that children whose families hand-washed the dishes instead of using a machine were less likely to have allergies.

Earlier research has shown that dishes washed by machine are cleaner than those washed by hand.So why would kids who eat off of slightly dirtier plates be better off when it comes to preventing allergies?One explanation is based on a theory known as the “hygiene hypothesis”,which says the reason kids develop allergies is that their surroundings are actually too clean.Your immune system keeps you healthy by fighting germs(细菌)like bacteria and viruses.But when you have allergies,it overreacts and tries to fight ordinary things like pollen(花粉)or certain foods.

Being exposed to germs,especially early in life,is good training for the immune system,says the lead author of the study,Dr.Bill Hesselmar of Queen Silvia Hospital in Sweden.“You stimulate the immune system in various ways and it becomes tolerant.”

This study shows that while using the dishwasher might be easier,the old-fashioned method of cleaning up could be better for your health.

1.What is the benefit of washing dishes by hand?

A. It can improve our immune system.

B. It is easier than washing by machine.

C. It costs less time than washing by machine.

D. It might reduce the chance of developing allergies.

2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4?

A. Our health depends much on our immune system.

B. Children in clean environment must have allergies.

C. Our immune system can only fight bacteria and viruses.

D. Hand-washed dishes are as clean as those washed by machine.

3.What do we know about germs from the passage?

A. Without germs,people won’t get sick.

B. There are no germs in clean environment.

C. Exposure to germs can improve our immune system.

D. Germs like bacteria and viruses do harm to our health.

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