题目内容
A new study suggests that washing dishes by hand is healthier than using a dishwasher.
Nobody likes doing the dishes,but it turns out that doing this task might pay off in an unexpected way.According to a new study published in the Journal of Pediatrics,washing dishes by hand instead of using a dishwasher might prevent the development of allergies(过敏).
Researchers in Sweden surveyed the parents of 1,029 children aged 7 and 8.They discovered that children whose families hand-washed the dishes instead of using a machine were less likely to have allergies.
Earlier research has shown that dishes washed by machine are cleaner than those washed by hand.So why would kids who eat off of slightly dirtier plates be better off when it comes to preventing allergies?One explanation is based on a theory known as the “hygiene hypothesis”,which says the reason kids develop allergies is that their surroundings are actually too clean.Your immune system keeps you healthy by fighting germs(细菌)like bacteria and viruses.But when you have allergies,it overreacts and tries to fight ordinary things like pollen(花粉)or certain foods.
Being exposed to germs,especially early in life,is good training for the immune system,says the lead author of the study,Dr.Bill Hesselmar of Queen Silvia Hospital in Sweden.“You stimulate the immune system in various ways and it becomes tolerant.”
This study shows that while using the dishwasher might be easier,the old-fashioned method of cleaning up could be better for your health.
1.What is the benefit of washing dishes by hand?
A. It can improve our immune system.
B. It is easier than washing by machine.
C. It costs less time than washing by machine.
D. It might reduce the chance of developing allergies.
2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A. Our health depends much on our immune system.
B. Children in clean environment must have allergies.
C. Our immune system can only fight bacteria and viruses.
D. Hand-washed dishes are as clean as those washed by machine.
3.What do we know about germs from the passage?
A. Without germs,people won’t get sick.
B. There are no germs in clean environment.
C. Exposure to germs can improve our immune system.
D. Germs like bacteria and viruses do harm to our health.
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Everybody loves self-improvement. That’s why we’re such enthusiastic consumers of “top 10” lists of things to do to be a more productive, promotable, mindful— you name it—leader. But these lists seldom work. What if we didn’t think of self-improvement as work? What if we thought of it as play—specifically, as playing with our sense of self?
Traditionally, people work on themselves, committed to doing everything in their power to change their leadership style. You set your goals and objectives, you are mindful of your time, and seek efficient solutions. You’re not going to deviate(偏离) from the straight and narrow. You focus on what you should do, especially as others see it, as opposed to what you want to do. It’s all very serious and not whole of fun. There is one right answer. Success or failure is the outcome. We judge ourselves.
In contrast, no matter what you’re up to, when you’re in “play” mode, your primary drivers are enjoyment and discovery instead of goals and objectives. You’re curious. You lose track of time. Like in all forms if play, the journey becomes more important than a pre-set destination.
Much research shows how play develops creativity and innovation. Play with your own idea of yourself is similar to playing with future possibilities. So, we stop evaluating today’s self against unachievable ideal of leadership that doesn’t really exist. We also stop trying to will ourselves to “commit” to becoming something we are not even sure we want to be—what we call the “feared self”, which is composed of images negative role models. And, we shift direction from submitting to what other people want us to be to becoming more self-authoring. As a result, when you play, you’re more creative and more open to what you might learn about yourself.
Unfortunately, we don’t often get —or give ourselves—permission to play with our sense of self. In life, we equate playfulness with the person who dips into a great variety of possibilities, never committing to any. We find inconsistency distasteful, so we exclude options that seem too far off from today’s “authentic self”, without ever giving them a try. This kills the discontinuous growth that only comes when we surprise ourselves.
Psychoanalyst Adam Phillips once said, “people tend to play only with serious things—madness, disaster, other people.” Playing with your self is a serious effort because who we might become is not knowable or predictable at the start. That’s why it’s as dangerous as it is necessary for growth.
Lead-in |
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2.between the two mode | In work mode |
In play method | |
The8.with application of play mode | We usually regard playfulness as equal to non-professional. |
9. | 10.danger, playfulness is a must for our self-growth. |
elevator.